Dac biet, can tdng budc hien dai hda cd ca'u td chdc, bo may, nang cao ndng liic, quyen tii chii va trach nhiem eua NHNN thiic hien chdc nang Ngan hang Trung Udng va chdc nang quan [r]
(1)NCAIN HANG VIET NAM NAM 2009 m
ClCTHANG BANG G I C A CAC S(fC EP VA
NHUNG BAI TOAN M |
N dm 2009 khep lgi vdi dong cha noi bat: Ndm cua "Kich cdu ddu tii vd tieu dung" chung tren pham vi qudc gia vd the gidi Chinh phu nhieu niidc dd thiic
hien cdc goi gidi phdp de ngdn chgn suy thodi kinh te vdi tdng tri gid tren 10.000 ty USD, chiem gdn 20% GDP todn cdu ndm 2008; chi vdi rieng niidc My dd cd tren 200 ngdn hdng Idn nho bi phd sdn Trong boi cdnh dd, Viet Nam dd chu dgng viidt qua khd khdn, sdm ngdn chgn diidc dd suy gidm, tiing biidc bdo ddm on dinh vd tgo moi triidng thudn ldi cho phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi Ddng thdi, ddy cung la ndm cd nhieu vat vd vd dong gdp vdo thdnh cdng chung cua ngdnh
ngdn hdng Viet Nam
I Linh hoat c h i n h s a c h gidf
t h a n g bang giufa c a c sdfc ep ngifg^c
chieu
Td he qua cua khung hoang tai chinh va suy thoai kinh te toan cdu, cdng nhu td nhdng va'n de noi tai dac thu cua da't nUde, nen cd le chUa bao gid nhu ndm 2009, cac ngan hang Viet Nam phai cung luc chiu diing nhieu sdc ep va cae bai toan "nghiem kep" hoc bua, ma dd ldi giai chd mot loat van de nhieu do'i choi, tham
Hoang Ngoc Anh CUcfng
Ngdn hdng Nhd niCdc
TS N g u y i n Minh Phong
Vien Nghien cdu Phdt tnen KT-XH Ha Not
chi triet tieu tac dung eua gay gat ea ve tinh chat, each thdc va xu hu6ng, cdng nhU mdc tac dong cda chung, dd la:
1- Triidc het, mot mat, vda phai gia tang cho vay tin dung kich cdu dau tU va tieu dung, chdng lai nguy cd suy giam kinh te khuon kho goi ehinh sach khan cap chung eua Chinh phu; mat khac, vda phai de phong nguy ed tai lam phat cao, gia tang nd khe dong, khd doi, de dan den vd nd va ma't an toan he tho'ng, cd hoi va bieu qua dau tu xa hoi ndi ehung giam;
2- Hdn niia, vda phai tang eUdng dap dng nhu cau ve ngoai hoi noi rieng va nguon vd^n cho doanh nghiep noi ehung bo'i canh suy giam nguon tien huy dong va nguon thu ngan sach nUdc, nguon thu tai chinh td nUdc ngoai, nha't la thu td xua't khau, FDI; dong thdi, vda phai chiu ap liic gid vdng ngudn dii trd ngoai bo'i va nhdng gidi ban kho vUdt qua ve mdc tdng lai sua't, cdng nbu ban mde tin dung nUdc;
(2)le, bat lUdng cda bo'i canh nUdc va qudc te nha't la phai chiu ap liic cao ve tang dieu ehinh linh boat ty gia va lai suat; vda phai tang yeu eau ho trd va giam sat vi md nghiem ngat td phia nha nU6e dam bao dn dinh boa moi trifdng dau tU -kmh doanh va sii can bang gida cae ldi ich va muc tieu chinh sach;
4- Trong do, boat dong chi dao, dieu hanh cda Ngan hang Nha nUde (NHNN) vda phai bao dam cac yeu cau hoat dong chuyen mdn dac thu cda nganh, dd ed boat dong kinh doanh cda cac ngan hang thUOng mai, dap dng cae doi hdi cang cao va da dang cda doanh nghiep va xa hoi trUde bo'i canh canh tranh thi trUdng cang khdc liet; lai vda phai tuan thd nhung mue tieu va cd che van hanh chung vi mo cda Chinh phu Su phu thuoc triic tiep va chat che nay, dd it hay nhieu triic tiep va gian tiep sdm hoac muon cung khong eho phep NHNN dieu hanh bai ban mot each "ky tri" va ca cae ngan hang thUdng mai tii hoat dong kinh doanh y theo cac tin hieu thi trUdng Noi each khac ve khach quan da dang va se cd nhdng sdc ep, nhiem vu, bai toan va cae van de ky thuat dat (ca cd hay m6i phat sinh) va ton tai nhdng thdi diem ma NHNN kho hoac tham chi khong the chu dong va linh boat giai quyet kip thdi va tii dong "theo ddn thuoc ed san" ve nghiep vu nhu thong le the gidi hoac kmh nghiem va kha nang cho phep, vi ldi ich hoac vi mue tieu tien te thuan rieng cda nganh ngan hang Day la mpt nhdng "vdng kim cd" bam smh dac trUng td tao tinh trang "cai kho bo cai khdn", va ca nhdng dong thai "di thudng" nha't dinh ve dieu hanh chinh sach, cdng nhu ve thuc te boat dong cua khu viic ngan hang Viet Nam
De hoa giai nhdng sdc ep da dang, nhieu chieu neu tren, ddi hdi nhdng nang liic va pham chat rat cao, sii doan ke't, dong tam hiep liic, sii kien dinh va ndng dong, thong minh, diing cam va ca cau thi cua tap the, cung nhu cua tdng t h a n h vien chu the cong ddng ngan hang Viet Nam
Trong bdi canh dd, linh boat hoa cae ehinh sach va chu dong dieu hanh cac cdng cu tien te bam sat cac muc tieu chu yeu dUdc liia ebon theo chi dao eua chinh phu va cang phu -hdp vdi cac tin hieu thi trUdng, nham tich ciic phuc vu chu trUdng kich cau, ngan chan suy giam kinh te, bad dam an sinh xa hoi va quan ly lam phat, an toan nd va dn dinh chung tren thi trUdng tien te da trd phUdng cham hanh xU chu dao va cung la nguyen nhan cda cac cong cd ban hoat dong cua nganh ngan hang Viet Nam nam 2009, vdi nhdng diem nhan noi bat sau;
Tha nhdt, tiep tue xay diing va hoan thien the che phap luat ve ngan hang phd hdp vdi dinh hUdng, chien lUde phat trien eua nganh va Id trinh thiic hien cac cam ket quo^c te linh viic tien te ngan hang, nha't la Luat Ngan hang Nha nUdc, Luat Cac to chdc tin dung, Luat Bao hiem tien gdi va Luat Giam sat an toan boat dong ngan hang, cung nhu cac quy dinh ve ngoai hdi, ve bao dam an toan, ve cd ca'u td chdc va boat dong cda cac to chdc tin dung; tiep tuc doi m6i, nang cao hieu liic, hieu qua boat dong tra, giam sat ngan hang, di ddi vdi viec cung cd' bo may to chdc, tang cUdng dao tao doi ngu can bo ngan hang
(3)c h u y e n dich cd ca'u t i n d u n g theo h u d n g n g a y c a n g t a p t r u n g vd'n eho s a n xua't, xua't k h a u , p h a t t r i e n ndng nghiep, nong t h o n , md r o n g cho vay dd'i vdi cac d o a n h n g h i e p v d a va nho; p h a t t r i e n m a n h cong n g h e n g a n h a n g va b o a t dong t h a n h t o a n k h o n g d u n g tien m a t , da d a n g h o a va n a n g cao hdn c h a t lUdng dich vu n g a n h a n g , dap d n g td't h d n n h u cau xa hoi, cai t h i e n d a n g ke cd c a u d o a n h t h u t d eae dich vu ngoai t i n d u n g , n a n g cao n a n g liic b o a t ddng, k h a n a n g c a n h t r a n h va bao d a m t i n h t h a n h k h o a n cda cac to chdc tin d u n g t r o n g nUdc
• Ngay s a u k h i cae q u y e t d i n h cua Chinh p h d dUde b a n h a n h , N H N N da k h a n trUdng b a n h a n h eae t h o n g tU h u n g d a n , to chdc phd bien q u a n t r i e t va ehi dao day m a n h t r i e n k h a i t o a n n g a n h n g a n h a n g cac cd che ho trd lai sua't cho cac to chdc, ca n h a n vay von n g a n h a n g de s a n xua't k i n h d o a n h t h e o Q u y e t dinh so'
131/QD-TTg n g a y 23/1/2009, Quyet dinh sd 443/QD-TTg n g a y 04/4/2009 cua T h u t u d n g C h i n h p h u T h a n h lap To cdng tac xU ly k h o k h a n , vUdng
mac cua cac d o a n h n g h i e p nhd va v d a q u a n be t i n d u n g vdi n g a n h a n g tai dia b a n T h a n h phd^ Hd Chi M i n h va H a Noi; t r i dUdng day nong cua N H N N de tiep n h a n , xd ly t h d n g tin, k h i e u n a i to' cao cua ngUdi d a n va ddanh n g h i e p lien q u a n den viec thiie hien cd che hd trd lai sua't T r o n g cae thdi diem k h a c n h a u cua n a m 2009, N H N N da linh b o a t dieu c h i n h giam va t a n g cac m d c lai sua't c h u dao, lai sua't tai cap vd'n va lai sua't t a i chiet kha'u de tao dieu k i e n cho cac to chdc tin d u n g giam va t a n g lai sua't h u y dong va cho vay p h u hdp muc tieu dieu tiet lUdng vd'n h u y dong va cho vay tin d u n g t h e o h u d n g ndi long mot
(4)Tha ba, tang cUdng phdi hdp vdi eae bo, nganh de bao dam nha't quan gida cac chinh sach kinh te vi mo, nha't la gida chinh sach tien te va chinh sach tai khoa; tao them kenh giam sat cua xa hoi ddi vdi boat dong cua he thd'ng ngan hang; nang cao hieu qua cdng tac tho'ng ke, dii bao, phan dng kip thdi trUdc nhdng dien bien kinh te, tien te nUdc va quo'c te; tang cUdng hdp tac quoc te, nang vai trd, vi the cda Viet Nam eong dong tai chinh, tien te quo'c te Dong thdi, day manh cong tae thdng tin, tuyen truyen ve chinh sach va boat ddng ngan hang, nham giam thieu va ngan ngda cae tin don va tao sii dong thuan cua xa hoi doi v6i boat dong tien te, ngan hang Thiic te cho tha'y, chi bang mot tuyen bo kip thdi, ngan gon va ro rang cua Thd'ng ddc NHNN 11/9/2009 ve viec NHNN se ca'p phep eho nhap khau vang theo nhu cau thi trUdng cdng CO sdc manh tdc thi "cat sd^t", lam dao chieu gia vang tren toan quo^c
Qua xem xet tong the cac dong thai chinh sach va dien bien tien te nU6c ta thdi gian qua, co the tha'y, nam 2009, Viet Nam da thiie hien dUdc muc tieu tong quat de la ngan chan suy giam kinh te, gid dUdc dn dinh kinh te vi md, cac can dd'i tai chinh - tien te cd ban dUdc bao dam, von dau tu toan xa hoi dat cao, t6i 42,6% GDP Viet Nam da'vUdt qua kha td't thdi ky lam phat cad, vdi mdc lam phat ea ndm dUdc kiem che dudi 7"'o, nhieu mat hang dang co sii giam gia dang ke; du nd tin dung va tong phUdng tien t h a n h toan tang pham vi cho phep, nd xa'u tha'p va tien mat thiic te cang giam (theo sd lieu cua NHNN, tinh den thdi diem cuo'i nam 2009, ty le nd xau toan he thdng khoang 2,46%, ty le nd xau cua
Vietcombank la 3% so vdi thdi diem dau nam la gan 4%, cua Eximbank la tren 2% so vdi mdc 4,71%) cuo'i nam 2008 va 6% thdi diem dau nam 2009 Cac ngan hang khac nhU ACB, Sacombank cd ty le nd xa'u dudi 1% Cdn ty le tien mat tdng phUdng tien t h a n h toan cua ca nUde giam lien tue, td mdc 23,7% nam 2001, nam 2002 la 22,56%, nam 2003 la 22,03%, nam 2004 la 20,35%, nam 2005 la 19,01%, nam 2006 la 17,21%, nam 2007 la 16,36%, nam 2008 la 14,6% va nam 2009 van tri dUde xu hudng tich ciic nay); dii trd ngoai te dd theo tieu chuan qud'c te; cdng tac an sinh xa hoi dUdc chu trqng dung mdc Viet Nam la nUdc ddng dau ASEAN ve to'c tdng trUdng, dong thdi ndm nhdm tren 10 nUdc cd tang trUdng dUdng nam 2009
(5)tang 25,53%, nam 2002 tang 17,7%, nam 2004 tang 30,39%, nam 2006 tang 33,59%, nam 2007 tang 46,12% Ddi vdi to'c tang trUdng tin dung ngan hang so vdi nam trUde, ndm 2001 tang 21,44%, nam 2004 tang 41,65%, nam 2005 tang 32,08%, nam 2006 tang 53,89%, nam 2007 tang 53,89%, nam 2008 tang 25,43% va nam 2009 udc tang tdng tin dung ngan hang khdng dudi 33%) Cac cdng cu chinh sach tien te cang da dang, ddng bq va dUde NHNN dieu hanh cang linh boat, phu hdp cd che va bam sat cae tin hieu thi trUdng va xu the van ddng chung cua chinh sach tien te the gidi, bieu hien tap trung rd net nha't d hdn 50 van ban quan ly nha nUde mdi ve boat dong ngan hang - tien te ma NHNN da ban hanh nam 2009 va nhdng ke't qua thiic te neu tren
IL NhiJng bai t o a n mdi cho n a m 2010
Tg.i Hoi nghi dinh ky cuoi ndm 2009, Chinh phu thd'ng nhd't muc tieu tdng qudt ndm 2010 - nam cudi cung thac hien Kehog,ch phdt trien kinh te -xd hoi ndm (2006-2010) vd Chien lade phdt trien kinh te'- xd hoi 10 ndm 2001-2010 la: Nd liic phan dau tdng triidng kinh te dgt mac cao hdn ndm 2009, dgt khodng 6,5%, tdng tinh on dinh kinh te vl mo; ndng cao chat ladng tdng tradng; ngdn chgn Igm phdt cao trd lg,i; tdng khd ndng bdo ddm an sinh xd hoi; chu dgng hdi nhdp vd ndng cao hieu qud hdp tdc kinh te qud'c te; gia vang on dinh chinh tri vd trat ta an todn xd hdi; bdo ddm yeu cdu qud'c phong, an ninh; phan dau dgt mac cao nhat cdc chi
tieu cua Ke hogch phdt trien kinh te -xd hdi ndm (2006-2010) Chinh phu cung de nhdm gidi phdp chu yeu
ve kinh te - xd hdi ndm 2010, dd chu trgng cdc gidi phdp: Ddy mgnh cdi thien mdi triidng ddu tii, phdt trien sdn xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu, chuyen dich cd cdu, thuc ddy phuc hoi kinh te, ndng cao chdt ladng tdng tradng; Ddy mcinh xudt khdu, kiem sodt cd hieu qud nhdp sieu; Huy dgng vd sa dung cd hieu qud cdc nguon von ddu ta phdt trien; Thiic hien chinh sdch tdi chinh, tien te, tdng cadng sii dn dinh kinh te vl mo, ngdn ngaa Igm phdt cao trd lgi; Bdo ddm an sinh xd hdi vd phuc ldi xd hdi
Ta thiic te ndm 2009 cho thay, trong ndm 2010 hogt dgng cua ngdnh ngdn hdng Viet Nam cdn chd y hdn den cdc vdn de sau:
2.1 Ddm bdo an todn von, kiem sodt lam phdt vd thiic ddy tdi ca cau
(6)nha ddu tU tai chinh qud'c te, khu viic ngan hang d Viet Nam da gia tdng vdi to'c dp chUa tdng tha'y thdi gian gdn day (vdi tdng so" tien bao hiem tang tren 20%/nam td nam 2002 de'n 2008) va cdn nhieu linh viic chUa difdc eae nha dau tU khai thac, nhU bao hiem nd chuyen nghiep, bao hiem tin dung xua't khau bao hiem gia nang lUdng cdng tiem nang to 16n de phat trien vdi dii bao vd'n ngan hang se tang 22%/nam thdi gian 2009-2013
Qua trinh tai cau true nen kinh te, cung nhu cac ngan hang cua Viet Nam thdi gian tdi can bao dam thuc day sii phat trien dUa tren nang suat, chat lUdng va hieu qua, hinh cd cau hai tang, vdi tang tren la cac doanh nghiep va td hdp doanh nghiep Idn, hien dai, da sd hdu, boat dpng xuyen quo'c gia va tang dUdi la mang ludi cac doanh nghiep nho va vda lien ket chat che vdi va vdi tang tren; kinh doanh da nganh, da dang hoa san pham dong thdi hinh cac san pham chu liic, quy mo Idn, CO hieu qua tren cd sd phat huy ldi the se sanh chung cua da't nUdc, eda nganh va ddn vi minh theo nguyen tae thi trifdng, tham gia sau vao chuoi gia tri toan eau, dap dng ea thi trUdng nUdc va nUdc ngoai
De dap dng nhdng nhiem vu tren, can thiic hien td't chi dao eda Thd'ng doe NHNN cdng van so' 9104/NHNN-CSTT 20/11/2009 ve on dinh va tang nguon vd'n huy dpng, nha't la vo'n huy dpng bang VND; dam bao an toan, hieu qua kinh doanh eua to chdc tin dung va cae quy dinh cda phap luat ve eho vay, dam bao ty le an toan kinh doanh, quan ly ngoai hoi thiic hien cam ke't gida cac vien cua Hiep hpi Ngan hang Viet Nam ve lai suat huy dpng de
dam bao dn dinh thi trUdng tien te; kiem soat chat che tang trUdng tin dung va chuyen dich manh cd ca'u tin dung theo nganh, linh viic, dia ban t h a n h thi va ndng thdn, ky ban va khach hang vay, dap dng vd'n cho cac nhu cdu vay de san xua't kinh doanh cd hieu qua, dd tap trung eae ngudn vd'n cho vay san xua't ndng -lam nghiep, thdy san, diem nghiep, thu mua ndng san, che bien va xua't khau, can bang hdn gida cho vay dau tu xua't khau vdi cho vay phat trien thi trUdng nUdc; ban che cho vay cae nhu cau vd'n thupc cac linh vvfc phi san xua't; ddng thdi, thiic hien ed ca'u lai thdi ban tra nd, xd ly lai sua't tien vay va tiep tuc cho vay mdi dd'i vdi cac doanh nghiep, hp san xua't hi thiet hai thien tai, bao lut, de khach hang vay cd dieu kien san xua't, kinh doanh phu hdp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat ve eho vay vd'n eua cae to chdc tin dung Ngoai ra, cdn tiep tuc hoan thien va tang cUdng viec kiem tra, giam sat, tra thiic hien cac quy dinh ve cho vay va kip thdi xU ly cac van de phat sinh ve boat dpng tin dung
2.2 Dieu hdnh ty gid linh hoqt hcfn
(7)l a u ty gia c h i n h t h d c va keo dai ehinh sach tin d u n g ndi long nhU n e u t r e n , ma bdi h a i n g u y e n n h a n k h a c la; viec giam gia ca cac h a n g hoa va dich vu c h u n g p h d bien t r e n cac t h i trUdng t r o n g nUdc va qud'c te, cung n h u xu h u d n g g i a m gia cac ddng ngoai te c h u yeu (ma ty gia VND gan ke't) n h u la h e q u a triic tiep cua chinh sach tien te ndi long t r o n g lieu p h a p ca goi ehd'ng suy giam k i n h te d eae nu6e p h a t trien M a t k h a c , viec dieu chinh t a n g m a n h ty gia V N D , c h a n g b a n so vdi USD, tdc p h a gia m a n h ddng b a n te, lai cd t h e t a o n g u y ed b u n g nd tai lam p h a t va t h a m chi eo t h e xua't hien tinh t r a n g suy t h o a i - l a m p h a t gay md^i nguy h i e m kep, tdc v d a c6 lam p h a t cao, v d a cd sii d i n h tre, t h a m ehi suy giam m a n h quy md va toe dp t a n g trUdng n e n k i n h te, b e t sdc tieu ciic cho sii dn dinh he thd'ng tai ehinh -tien te va ca t h e che quo^c gia
Vi vay, c h i n h sach ty gia thdi gian tdi can linh b o a t hdn de eo^ gdng t h u hep c h e n h lech ty gia ehinh thdc va ty gia t r e n thi trUdng tii do, t d gdp p h a n can b a n g cung-cau va giam bdt cac b o a t dpng gam gid va dau ed ngoai te t r o n g n e n k i n h te Linh boat ty gia, h a y thiie hien che dp ty gia linh boat CO sii q u a n ly vi mo cua n h a nUde, cang trd t h a n h phUdng cham h a n h xd phd bien t r o n g ehinh sach ty gia cua hdn 3/4 so' nUde t r e n the gi6i hien Vi vay, k h o n g co ly gi ma Viet N a m n a m ngoai xu h u d n g c h u n g eua t h e gidi t r o n g q u a t r i n h hpi n h a p k i n h te quo'c te Tuy nhien, sii linh b o a t can dUde "Viet N a m hoa" ca ve nghia den, Idn n g h i a bong, rpng va hep, trUde m a t va lau dai eda khai niem k h a "md va md"
Can luu y r a n g , linh b o a t ty gia khong he m a u t h u a n vdi yeu cdu ve t i n h m i n h bach va cd t h e dU bao dUde
eua c h i n h sach ty gia Ndi each khac xu h u d n g ty gia can b a m s a t cac dpng t h a i va tUdng q u a n tien te va t h i trUdng t r o n g nUdc va qudc te, t r a n h t h i trUdng c h a y theo mpt hu6ng, ehinh sach ty gia lai theo mpt neo, l a m ma't t i n h dn d i n h k h a c h q u a n cua ehinh sach ty gia, l a m giam hieu qua va ca uy t i n c h i n h p h d t r o n g dieu h a n h ty gia, gay t h e m nbUng rui ro chinh sach cho cac d o a n h nghiep, dong thdi l a m xa'u moi trUdng va sdc c a n h t r a n h eua n e n k i n h te
2.3 Ngdn chain nhiing cdn sot vd tinh trqng ldng doqn tren thi tmdng tdi chinh • tien te
N a m 2009 da c h d n g kien sii b d n g p h a t cac cdn sdt gia va cac dpng thai t h a n g t r a m k h a c n h a u du loai t r e n n h i e u t h i trUdng ve n h a da't, c h d n g k h o a n , v a n g , U S D va mpt s o ' b a n g boa t h i e t yeu k h a c t r o n g nUde, vdi nguyen n h a n chu yeu e h u n g la sii cpng hudng cae tac dpng tieu ciic eua n h d n g ke hd t r o n g ed che q u a n ly thi trUdng, cong tae t h d n g tin, yeu to' t a m ly va ea nhUng tin don Can n h a n m a n h r a n g , t r o n g bd^i c a n h n h a y cam cda n a m 2010, viee n g a n c h a n cac tin don lien q u a n den thi trUdng tai ehinh -tien te d Viet N a m se cd y nghia dac biet q u a n t r p n g hdn n a m 2009
(8)"chay chinh sach" vi ldi ich nganh dpc quyen, ba't cha'p ldi ich va uy tin qudc gia Dac biet, can dam bao cae bien dpng chinh sach phai minh bach va cd the dii bao dUde xu hudng dn dinh, nha't quan, phd hdp cae nguyen tac kinh te thi trUdng va yeu cau cam ket hpi nhap, cac thdng le the gidi, cdng nhu cac tin hieu thi trUdng khach quan Ddng thdi, the che boa cae phat ngon va cung ca'p thdng tin chinh thdc c6 cha't lUdng va trach nhiem phap ly cao dinh ky va khong dinh ky cua cac ed quan va dai dien nha nUdc, cac td chdc kinh doanh cd lien quan (nha't la cac linh viic ed dp doe quyen kinh doanh cao), cung nhU cda cac cd quan truyen thdng va cac phUdng tien thong tin dai chung Ben canh do, can chu dpng phat hien va trdng phat kip thdi, nghiem khac cae ca nhan va to chdc tung tin ddn that thiet hoac dUa tin kieu "gay sd^c" nham muc tieu pha hoai chinh sach, ddu cd va canh tranh khong lanh manh Ngoai ra, can phat trien va nang cao chat lUdng cong tae tho'ng ke, nghien edu phan tich va dii bao kinh te - thi trUdng, eae boat dpng dii bao, danh gia tin nhiem, giam sat va phan bien xa hpi; ddng thdi, tdng cUdng nang liic va hieu liic phdng chong tham nhiing, nang cao dan tri va van hoa quan ly ve kinh te thi trUdng va nha nUdc phap quyen, tang kha nang tii nhan thdc va canh giac, tranh hanh dpng kieu "bay dan", vo tinh hoac cd' y tiep tay va trd nan nhan cua dau cd va tin ddn
2.4 Tdng ciidng si/ phoi hdp dong bo cdc gidi phdp vd hoqt dgng qudn ly
Trong thdi gian tdi, NHNN can pbd'i hdp vdi Bp Cdng nghiep va ThUdng mai va cac bp, nganh lien
quan thiic hien td't viec cham ddt hd trd lai sua't ngdn ban theo Quyet dinh sd 131/QD-TTg va tiep tuc ho trd lai sua't vay t r u n g ban, dai ban tai cac Quyet dinh sd 443/QD-TTg va 497/QD-TTg theo hudng thu hep ddi tUdng va giam mdc hd trd lai sua't vay cho phd hdp va hieu qua; ngan chan va xU ly tieu ciic thiic hien ehinh sach hd trd cua nha nUdc (nam 2009, Thanh tra NHNN phat hien gan 4.000 trUdng hdp vi pham cho vay kich cdu vdi tdng cpng 5.916 ty ddng) Ddng thdi, tap trung cai each thu tuc hanh chinh, tang cUdng phan cap, phan dinh rd chdc nang, nhiem vu, quyen ban va trach nhiem, gan v6i cong tac kiem tra giam sat, cai thien moi trUdng kinh doanh, tao mpi dieu kien thuan ldi cho doanh nghiep va ngUdi dan dau tU, phat trien san xua't kinh doanh, nang cao chat lUdng va kha ndng canh tranh, thdc day manh me xua't khau va nang cad hieu qua eua hpi nhap kinh te qud'c te; sU dung CO hieu qua va dung muc dich dii trd ngoai hdi nha nUde; chu dpng tich ciic, linh boat de dn dinh gia tri ddng tien VND, dn dinh thi trUdng vang nu6c thich dng vdi bien dpng eua thi trUdng vang the gidi; kiem soat chat che nd qua ban, nha't la nd xa'u, dam bao an toan he thd'ng tai chinh, tien te
(9)sdm rui ro va xU ly mpt each hieu qua nhdng va'n de mdi phat sinh, nha't la cac rui ro cheo, tranh cac dd vd day chuyen va ba't ngd , bao dam tinh ddng bp, nha't quan va hieu qua cua he thd^ng cd che, chinh sach, dac biet la sii nha't quan gida chinh sach tai khda va chinh sach tien te qud'c gia
Dac biet, can tdng budc hien dai hda cd ca'u td chdc, bo may, nang cao ndng liic, quyen tii chii va trach nhiem eua NHNN thiic hien chdc nang Ngan hang Trung Udng va chdc nang quan ly nha nUdc viec chu dpng va linh hoat dieu hanh chinh sach tien te, tra giam sat an toan boat dpng ngan hang, bao dam sii van hanh an toan, thdng sud^t cua be thoang ngan hang; phat trien nghiep vu thi trUdng md; gdn ke't chat che viec dieu hanh ty gia hdi doai vdi dieu hanh lai sua't va eae cong cu tai chinh - tien te triic tiep va gian tiep khac; nang cao nang liic theo ddi, dii bao, quan ly va can thiep thi trUdng cua NHNN, cung nhu cha't lUdng va bieu qua cua cdng tac phdng ehd'ng rUa tien, phdng chdng tham nhung, giai quyet khieu nai, to' cao linh viic ngan hang; tiep tuc md cda thi trUdng dieh vu tai chinh - ngan hang phd hdp vdi cam ke't qud'c te; tao dieu kien thuan ldi chd cac td chdc tin dung trdng nUdc vUdn boat dpng d
thi trUdng nUdc ngoai; thiic bien tien dp va yeu cau cua tien trinh cd phan boa cac ngan hang thUdng mai nha nu6c theo ke hoach da dUdc Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet; tham gia cae dieu Udc qud'c te, cac dien dan khu viic va the gidi ve tien te, ngan hang; thiie hien to't vai trd dai dien cua Chinh phu Viet Nam tai cac td chdc tai chinh tien te qud'c te, tri va phat trien quan he hdp tac da phUdng va song phUdng linh viic tien te, ngan hang nham tan dung ngudn vo^n, cdng nghe va ky nang quan ly tien tien eua nUde ngoai
N h d n g kinh nghiem va t h a n h qua tich c i i c t r o n g thdi gian qua la dang t r a n trpng, se tiep them sdc m a n h mdi de n g a n h ngan hang Viet Nam vdng vang, chu dpng va linh boat vUdt qua eae sdc ep va nhiing bai toan da dang tren dUdng Ddi mdi, P h a t trien va Hpi nhap • Tdi lieu tham khao:
1 Bao cao Tho'ng ke hang thang nam 2009 va cac nam 2000-2009 ctia Tong cue Thong ke Bao cao hang nam ctia Ngan hang Nha
nifdc Viet Nam tren web NHNN
3 "Ly thuyet lam phat, giam phat va thtic tiin Viet Nam", TS,Nguyin Minh Phong (Chu bien) NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia - Ha Noi nam 2000