Dieu dd khdng dinh ngay tQ giai doan Nho giao cdn ha khdc thi hinh tuong ngudi phu nu lai dupc tdn vinh d nhung noi trang trpng nhat trdn dinh lang nhu ket qua ciia sy dung hpp Nho g[r]
(1)T i n i f t I TRONfiNitrtr; Hinh tvC^g phu nilir
trong^ dieu khac
dinh lang^ Vinh Phuc NGUYfeN ANH NGOC
Nhlc tdi nghd thudt didu khdc dinh lang d.Vmh Phuc, ngudi ta nghi ve dinh Thd Tang, Huang Canh, Ngpc
Canh, Tidn Canh, bdi nhQng ngdi dinh
khdng nhung mang net dep kid'n true dpe dao thdi Ld (TK XVII-XVIII) ma edn chQa dyng ca kho tang nghd thudt didu khde dae sde vdi mang de tai md phdng sinh dpng ve ngudi, hoa thao va mudng thu Nhung, mdt dieu dac bidt, ngudi thp xua da tao bao vuot qua quy pham Id giao phong kid'n dd' trang trpng dua hinh anh ngudi phy nQ vao ngdi dinh lang
Ngdi dinh lang xua vdn dupc coi la mpt dang thQc tidu trieu dinh, noi dai didn cho ehinh quydn phong kid'n dia phuang hpp ban vide lang, vide nudc thi viec cam ngudi phy nQ ben mang tdi cua dinh la le ducmg nhidn Vay ma vdn cd mpt tdn tai ndm song song vdi he thuc giao cam doan khdt khe, dd la sy hidn didn hinh anh ngudi phy nQ kha phd bid'n trdn cdc phan kie'n true dinh lang nhu mdt dieu tat yd'u cua eupe sd'ng
Ndm chung mang dd tai sinh boat, lao dpng eiia ngudi, hinh tupng ngudi phu nQ ludn dupc nha didu khdc xua chu trpng lam ndi bat d mdi chu de phan dnh Dieu dd cho thd'y vai trd ngudi phy nQ la khdng thd' thie'u ca ddi sd'ng gia dinh va xa hpi phong kie'n xua, vi d gdc dp nao dd, ngudi phy nQ mang gia tri cdn bdng cupc sd'ng, tQ niem vui, ndi budn ciing vai trd sinh tdn, tri ndi gid'ng Tuy rdng vao giai doan Id giao phong kid'n che dinh, ngudi phy nQ ludn bi lep ve trudc nam gidi
ea d gia dinh, lai cdng bi bd hep hon bdi tam tdng, tQ dQc, nhung sy cam chiu than phan dd lai tao ndn ngudn cam hQng cho nha didu khdc tai hoa thdi hdn thang hoa nghd thuat didu khdc dinh lang, tdn ldn ve dep ngudi phy nQ Viet thudn hau, net na nhung dn chQa gia tri phdn thyc, mpt bid'u tupng eua niem khat vpng sinh tdn cpng ddng cu ddn lua nudc sud't qua trinh hinh va phat trien Chinh vay, nhQng hinh anh cd gai, nang tidn khda than nhQng bQc cham trang tri dinh ldng lai mang mau sde tin ngudng phdn thyc ciia ngudi Viet cd ban la sy phd each Id giao phong kid'n Dieu the hidn sy dung hda d ea hai gia tri tin ngudng va Nho gido de chung nha't mpt quan nidm hai hda ddng nhieu chau, gia dinh ddng tpc, lang xa, ma dai didn cho bieu tupng sinh tdn dd khdng gi khdc ngoai hinh tupng ngudi phy nu
BQc cham tien cifdi rdng dinh Tidn Canh (Binh Xuydn) la dai didn cho hinh anh dep va cao quy cua ngudi phy nQ - tidn cudi trdn lung rdng, dau dpi mu kidu ti lu nhd Phat, khudn mat trai xoan, than hinh ddy dan, minh cdi trdn mac vay, cd tay deo vdng; hai canh tay trdn ldn gio ldn ngang vai nhu dang mua Sy kd't hop kheo leo giua hinh tupng rdng (duong) vdi tidn nQ (am) the hidn khdt vpng yeu duong, mudn loai sinh sdi nd theo quan nidm cua cu dan lua nudc; nhung d mdt y nghia khae hinh tupng rdng mang bieu tupng linh thidng, quyen lyc cua vua chua ma ngudi thp lai kheo leo dat ed gai-nang tidn khoa than ngdi ldn minh rdng la dieu che gidu
(2)TH6NC TIN VAN H A NGHg T H U A T
ciia ngudi ndng ddn dd'i vdi giai cap thd'ng tri Cung chung vdi mang de tai cdn gap bQc cham mua rdng dinh Huong Canh (Binh Xuydn) dupc ngudi thp xua chu y phdc hpa ndi bat d vi tri trung tam la ed gai dp tudi ddi tam, mac trang phuc mdng manh dang say sua vu didu day sQc gpi cam, uydn chuyen bdn canh hinh tupng rdng; didu du de ndi ldn udc vpng phdn thyc va trid't ly am duang hda hop cua cu dan ndng nghidp xua trdn dd't VTnh Phuc
Mpt bQc cham khac d dinh Thd Tang (VTnh Tudng) lai midu ta canh ddi nam nQ tinh ty, cd gai lid'c anh mdt tinh tQ ve phia chang trai, chang trai khdng bd Id co hpi ydu duang bdng cu chi quang vai dat tay ldn ngyc ed gai that ty nhidn Cd le khung canh hdn dang didn dudi ddm trang hay anh sang tQ nhung ngpn den, ndn Id hpi lang Nhung tao bao han ca boat canh tinh tQ eua ddi trai gai trdn Iai ndm d bQc cham hdi ldng dinh Ngpc Canh (Binh Xuydn) didn ta khung canh hpi tung bung nao nhiet, nep vao gdc xa eua Id hpi la ddi trai gai dang lam tinh tu thd' cao trao cua khoai lae Hinh nhu cac bQc cham canh hoan lac, tinh tQ dupc ngudi thp cham khdc xua ghi lai bdng hinh anh chan thyc tu Id hpi lang Dung (Vinh Tudng) hay ddm hpi rude nd nudng a Phu Thp, Ddu d khia canh nao chang nQa vide didn ta hoat canh tinh giao vao nai chdn tham nghiem da lam thay ddi y nghl vd nai thd hoang hay sy vupt ldn trdn Id giao nam nu thu
thu bd't than Nhung phai chang dd la cai nhin
day sy cdi md cua nhdm thp lam dinh hay hudng nhin chung cua ca cpng ddng lang ve nidm tin phdn thyc Chinh nhd nidm khat vpng dd ma hinh anh ngudi phy nu lai ty nhidn ban trong ngdy hgi xud'ng ddng dinh Thd Tang Cd gai mac ao thu thdn, deo trd'ng, hai tay bdt nhip theo vu didu, edn chang trai udn minh theo didu mua ciia cd gai nhu thd vQa danh trd'ng, vua hat Hlnh tupng cap mua ddi gpi cho ngudi xem lien tudng dd'n hat trd'ng qudn lang DQc Bac (Ldp Thach) hay sy bie'n thidn cua vQ dieu tinh giao trdn trd'ng ddng Ngpc Lu, gpi net dep thuan khiet, it dung tyc
Neu nhu cac bQc cham le hgi xudng
dong, di sdn ve, den hat nhd quan, hgi ldng,
ngudi phu nQ ludn dupe uu xud't hidn vdi vai trd la vidn xa hpi, du cd luc ngudi thp lang man da cho cd gai khoa than, tinh tQ trdn cac bQc cham dinh lang gay ndng bdng cho ngudi xem nhung cung lam mat diu nidm khat vpng phdn thyc cua cpng ddng, thi d gia dinh ngudi phy nu cung dupc cac nhdm thp d^ cao qua bQc cham gia dinh hgnh phuc trdn thdn bay hidn dinh Thd Tang (Vinh Tudng) Trung tam bQc cham la ngudi phy nQ vdi khudn mat day niem vui dang day mua, ngudi chdng ngdi khoanh chan trdn phan ngdm nhin, cd le rat ddc y vdi each day cua vp Sy sdp ddt npi dung da gpi cho ngudi xem cam nhan vai trd cdng, dung, ngdn, hanh cua phu nQ khdng nhQng gia dinh va cdn ca xa hpi, du cho giai doan than phan ngudi phy nQ bi coi re thi d bQc cham ngudi vp Iai ddng vai trd ehinh, cdn ngudi chdng hdn la thQ yd'u Khdng nhQng giQ vai trd nudi day cai gia dinh, d bQc cham vdi chu de udng ritgii dinh Thd Tang (VTnh Tudng), quydn binh ddng nam nQ lai dupe thd hidn qua canh bd'n ngudi ngdi trdn chid'u rupu, hai ngudi nam va hai ngudi nQ, theo phdng doan day la ddi cap vp chdng rat bmh ddng giao tid'p, sinh hoat, khudn mat hp that vui nhu cudi ndi, tay mdi ngudi nang chen chuc tung cupc sd'ng no du, an lanh Qua bQc cham, ngudi xem dpe tha'y thdng diep ve quy6n binh ddng cho phu nu, hay ldi phd phan quan nidm trpng nam khinh nQ xa hpi phong kie'n xua Du d y nghia nao chang nQa, nhung buc cham khdc dinh lang chung ta vdn gap quan didm ddy sy tid'n bd vd ngudi phu nu Mach dd tai ve hinh tupng ngudi phy nQ cdn nhieu, hdu nhu nhan vat phy nQ chid'm khoang 1/4 cac nhan vat dupc khdc hpa, md phdng qua npi dung (con ngudi, hoa thao, mudng thu) didu khdc dinh lang VTnh Phuc Dieu dd khdng dinh tQ giai doan Nho giao cdn khdc thi hinh tuong ngudi phu nu lai dupc tdn vinh d nhung noi trang trpng nhat trdn dinh lang nhu ket qua ciia sy dung hpp Nho giao (yd'u td ngoai Iai) vdi tin ngudng phdn thyc (ban dia) dd tao ndn gia tri nhan van mang yd'u td mdi, vdi cai nhin ddy thidn chi vd ngudi phu nQ xa hdi m
N.A.N