Ddi vdi tieu chi ve thu nhap: Ndng thdn hien nay thira lao dong, thieu viec lam tai cho, thanh nien va ngudi lao dpng dp ra thanh phd lam viec hoac nhti-ng khu cdng nghiep, nhti-ng v[r]
(1)^ V A N D E QUAN TAM
19 tieu chl
KINH PHI,TL/DAU
&SL/A DOI DIEU GI?
B G S IS T O DUY H O P HOI xa hgi hoc ViOt Nam
(2)Mot nhOng viec eon thieu sot thac hien tieu chl xay dang md hinh nOng thdn mdi d cae xa la chua daa duoc quy trinh, nguyen tac de tham dmh nhOng tieu chi'dd Hien nay, van la d|a phuong ta danh gia va cham diem cho minh, vl the ed the cung chua chi'nh xac
NHUNG Tieu CHf CAN SUA DOI
Xay dung md hinh ndng thdn mdi la mot chuong trinh Idn, lau dai Chinh phii da ban hanh Bd tieu chi qudc gia gem 19 tieu chi eu the, duac chia nam nhdm: nhdm tieu chi ve quy hcach, ve tang kinh te - xa hoi, ve kinh te va to chirc san xuat, ve van hda -xa hdi - mdi trudng va ve he thdng chinh trj Tuy nhien, sau nam trien khai thi diem tai 11 xa diem va hon mdt nam trien khai tren dien rong ca nude, cac dia phuang deu chp rang cd nhti-ng tieu chi ehua phii hop, khd thuc hien, tham chi rat khd thuc hien
Van de hien nhu nhieu ngudi nhan thay, dd la bd tieu chi chung cho ca nude, Viet Nam la dat nude rat da dang (d cap viing mien) cd tdi viing sinh thai Dp vay, neu dua mdt tieu chi ehung, thi rd rang khdng the lam tot duoc Hien chua cd mot mire eu the hda nao cho cac viing mien, chua ke mdi tinh, huyen, xa lai cd nhifng dac diem khac Nhu vay, lam cd the cu the hda nhifng chinh sach, tieu chi tdi tirng khu vuc cho sat thuc?
Mdt sd tieu chi khdng phti hap va cd the can phai sira ddi, bao gom cac tieu chi ve: Thu nhap, co cau lao dpng, nha d dan cu, he thdng thuy lai, chp ndng thdn, mdi trudng, van hda va hop tac xa tu quan
Tieu chi ve van hda, theo tdi, khdng nen quy dinh cifng ve dien tich ciia nha van hda xa theo quy dinh mdi ciia Bo Van hda The
thap va Du Ijch dp cac xa mien niii, DBSCU khd ed the danh dii dat thee quy dinh Cung khdng nen quy dinh eirng cac thdn, ban, ap phai cd nha van hoa, khu the thao thdn ma chi can quy djnh ty le thdn cd diem sinh boat van hda, the thao dap irng yeu cau co ban ciia ngudi dan thdn Can hudng dan cu the hon ve hinh thirc to chirc san xuat ed hieu qua; can md rong cac loai hinh to chirc san xuat nhu hpp tac xa eo phan, cdng ty TNHH mot vien, cdng ty co phan bo sung hudng dan va quy dinh cu the viec danh gia hieu qua cua HTX, to hop tac, doanh nghiep tu nhan
Trong tieu chi ve mdi trudng, theo tdi khdng nhat thiet moi xa phai cd mot nghTa trang Viec thu gom va xif ly rac thai, chat thai can cd nhii-ng quy djnh rd hon Ddi vdi viec xif ly va thu gom rac thai duoc hieu la rac thai, chat thai duoc thu gom va xif ly bang cac hinh thirc don gian nhu chon, lap hoac dot
Tieu chi ve giao thdng: Vdi mpt sp dia phuong viing OBSCL, viing mien niii nen bd quy djnh nhua hda, be tdng hda dudng true xa, lien xa (chi tieu 2.1) va cirng hda dudng true thdn, xdm (chi tieu 2.2) vi khdng phij hop vdi dieu kien tu nhien eua viing va theo quy djnh dat chuan theo cap ky thuat quy djnh tai Quyet djnh sd 315/QO-BGTVT 23/02/2011 ciia Bd trudng Bp Giao thdng van tai Cung cd y kien cho rang hudng dSn eua Bd Giao thdng van tai quy dinh "dudng taic xa cd mat cat thiet ke tu
2,5 - 3,5 m" ed mat eat qua nhd, khdng phii hop vol thuc te hien va khdng dam bao phat trien lau dai, gay kho khan, liing tiing cho cac dja phuong trien khai xay dung ndng thdn mdi
Ve cho ndng thdn, rat nhieu xa hien cho la van de cue ky khd khan Nhieu xay mdi xong ngudi dan khdng diing ma lai hpp chp ben canh chp mdi vdi nhu-ng day nha lyp xyp Ddi ngudi lam xay dung chi hieu rat dan gian ve hien dai hda ndng thdn la phai xay mdi, phai nang cap len, chia Id ma khdng tinh den tinh thuc dyng va thdi quen cua ngudi dan Tat ca phai la su phii hop, vira y Dang nhung phai hop dong dan
Ddi vdi tieu chi ve thu nhap: Ndng thdn hien thira lao dong, thieu viec lam tai cho, nien va ngudi lao dpng dp phd lam viec hoac nhti-ng khu cdng nghiep, nhti-ng viing ndng thon khac nhung can lao dong nhu len Tay Nguyen lam kinh te Con lai d nha la phu nti-, ngudi gia, tre em Nhu vay nguon thu tai chd tif dja phuang ndng thdn rat han che Cdn boat dpng nganh nghe thi khdng phai xa nap cting trien khai tot Chinh vi vay cau chuyen tang thu nhap va chi sd tang thu nhap can phai xem xet lai
(3)^ V A N D E Q U A N T A M
phd lam viec Trong ty le dat qua cao, nd gan nhu la mdt dieu khdng t u d n g Cau chuyen cua chiing ta mpt Ian nira lai danh gia ccn ngudi theo bang cap Trong dd, vi du mdt lang nghe truyen thong vdi nhieu nghe nhan tay nghe rat gioi, nhung hp dau cd bang cap? Do dd chiing ta cung can nhin nhan lai chat luong lao dpng tren thuc te va danh gia qua nhii-ng tieu chi khac, qua hieu suat lao dpng, chat luong san pham va mdi quan he xa hdi
Ddi vdi tieu chi ve co cau lao dong ndng nghiep, theo quy dinh la xa NTM thi so lao dpng ndng nghiep chi chiem d u d i 30% Tieu chi rd rang khdng phti hop vdi cac xa viing sau, vting xa va viing chuyen canh eay ndng nghiep Dac biet, nhtrng noi vting sau, viing xa, cac doanh nghiep chua the vao dau t u , dieu kien kinh te chua phat then, se rat khd chuyen ddi lao dpng sang cac nganh nghe khac mac dii dia phuang rat muon Doi vdi cac viing chuyen canh, tieu chi khdng hop ly Chang ban, mot xa d TP Da Lat (Lam Dong) chuyen san xuat rau va hoa, hien chiem tir 70% - 80% sd ngudi lam nong nghiep Neu giam xuong cdn d u d i 30% thi lam ed dii nhan luc chuyen lam ndng nghiep? Hien nay, thu nhap ciia ho rat cao, khdng nhat thiet phai chuyen dich c o cau lao dpng bdi muc dich ciia viec chuyen doi la de cd thu nhap cao hon Do dd, tieu chi thu nhap mdi la dieu quan trong, tieu chi c o cau lao dong chi la phuong tien, Vi vay day la mdt nhifng tieu chi nen sira ddi Qua dd, cung rat can cac bp, nganh phai tham gia, de xuat hpan thien cac tieu chi, cho mang tinh phti hop va lau dai ban
KINH PHf LAY TU DAU?
Hien tar kinh phi dd thue hien ndng thdn mdi d u p e chia lam ba phan, mdt phan ngan sach nha nude hd trp, mot phan la doanh nghiep ben ngoai dau t u , phan thir ba la huy dpng ngupn vdn nhan dan, hay cdn d u o e goi la "vdn xa hoi hda" Ddi vdi 11 xa thi diem cap qudc gia thi nguon vdn tai chinh khoang 200 ty/ xa
D u o c biet, tai Quang Ngai, hien cae dja p h u a n g tinh dang ap dung hinh thirc "gdp vdn" - Co nghTa la Ngan sach 90°o - Nhan dan dong gdp 10°o Tuy nhien, n g u d i dan ndng thdn cho rang, mire dong gdp dan khd cd the kham ndi Bdi vi, vdn xay dung ndng thdn mdi rat Idn, nhan vdi 10°o thi van nam d sd mdi xa ciing vai ehuc ti dong, Vi du n h u xa Binh D u o n g (Binh San), tong kinh phi can thiet
de hoan chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia xay dung ndng thdn mdi khoang 200 ty dong; ty le 10% ma dan phai "gop" la 20 ty dong So tien neu chia deu cho sd lao dong cua xa la 2.000 ngudi thi moi lao ddng phai "gdp" 10 trieu dong vdng nam, tir cho den 2020
Cd the ndi, xa nao d u o c chon lam xa diem se cd qua trinh thuc hien nhanh nhat va cd dieu kien thuc hien hon ca N u d e ta cd mot hoi chirng, dd la hdi chirng sd luong, tang trudng ddng nhat vdi phat trien Cd mpt sd tieu chi hien khcng the thuc hien d u o c va can phai cd s u dieu chinh Quan diem chi dao "Nguon vdn can ban la huy dong ndi luc", rat khd thuc hien bdi chu yeu chi ed the huy ddng ndi luc tir nhifng xa giau, nhu-ng xa cd lang nghe Trong phan Idn ndng thdn Viet Nam la xa ndng nghiep, ngheo thi lay dau ndi luc? Neu khdng cd npi luc, tat yeu can tdi ngoai luc Cd hai dieu cung hieu, dd la cau chuyen xin - cho, ngudi ta phai chien dau la xa ngheo, n h u d mien niii phai vao d u o c chuong trinh 135 ciia Chinh phii Hudng thir hai la cau chuyen ddi dat lay c o s d tang Npi luc hau het la tif dat Cau chuyen dd gan nhu ca nude dang lam Cai d u o c ciia cau chuyen la bd mat ndng thdn ddi mdi, nhung mat trai la sinh nhieu te nan, tham nhung khdng ngan chan d u o c Noi luc ciia nhti-ng dia phuong chi tif ban dat va nang gia dat Van de d day khdng phai difng lai ma la tang c u d n g s u kiem scat xa hoi bao gom s u quan tri nghiem minh ciia Nha n u d e va s u giam sat chat che eiia xa hoi dan s u Va, cd tang, phai tan dung doanh nghiep Luc lanh dao xa phai la ngudi biet lam an, biet hop tac vdi doanh nghiep Tai xa Thuy H u o n g (Chuong My, Ha Ndi) keu gpi dpanh nghiep dau t u hpp tac xa rau sach Ben canh dd cd hpp tac xa hoa xuat khau day hp lap cdng ty cd phan, hap tae xa cd phan Trong tir lanh dao xa den nhan dan deu ddng cd phan, gdp vdn Ban dieu hanh d u o c bau Ho thue ky s u ndng nghiep ve t u van va dao tao them nhan cdng chuyen nghiep Ban quan tri d u p e bau theo cd phan Day la mdt hinh thirc huy dpng vdn ttr ndi bd Phan cdn lai la huy dpng ttr xa hdi hda, tire la ttr ngudi dan, dd ho cd the ddng gdp bang sire lap dpng (quy dpi tien),
NEN B O S U N G DI^U Gi?
Tuy tieu chi nhieu nhu vay nhung v i n thieu nhtrng dieu rat c o ban Thir nhat la
quy hoach tdng the, d day quy hoach tdng the cdn d o n gian (QH sir dung dat, OH phat trien khu dan e u , QH phat trien tang KT - XH) Can cd hudng dlin va giai thich cu the de dja phuong ed can cir thuc hien sat thuc
Thir hai, chien lupc phattrien 2011 - 2020 Dang cd d u a ba ddt pha, ed ddt pha ve phat trien nguen nhan lu-c; ngudn nhan luc d u o c quan niem mdt each tdng hop Tuy nhien, 19 tieu chi nong thdn mdi lai quan niem ngudn nhan luc la nhiem vu cua nganh giao dye va dao tao Mdt minh nganh GO & OT lam dii sire dot pha vao ngudn nhan luc vdi muc tieu phat trien ngudn nhan luc chat luong cao, ma lai d ndng thdn? Nguon nhan luc, cai loi la ngudn lao ddng, luc luang lao dong, gom cd the luc, tri luc, tam luc va ed pham chat chinh trj, dao dire, tham my Nganh giao due va dao tao cir cho la theo triet ly giao due toan dien "tri, dire, the, my" thi tren thuc te chi lo d u p e phan tri \uc ciia ngudi, phan the luc nganh y te cham lo, phan tam luc thuc s u phai d u o c toan xa hdi cham lp Do vay, can ed tieu chi rieng ve ngudn nhan luc Ndng thdn hien tai thieu ngudn nhan luc chat luong cao, thieu hut rat Idn Vay, lam de hiit ve? Bang chinh sach gi, d u an gl? Mot phuong thirc cue ky quan la phai hiit lao dong chat luong cao bang nhtrng d u an phat trien tam nong (ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn) Thir ba la can bd sung them tieu chi xay dung cac to chifc xa hoi dan s u lanh manh dong bd vdi cac tc chirc chinh tri - xa hpl nham gdp phan phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tam ndng toan dien, ben vu-ng
Thir t u , mdt nhirng viec eon thieu sot thuc hien tieu chi xay dung mo hinh ndng thdn mdi d cae xa diem la ehua d u a d u o c quy trinh, nguyen tac de tham dinh nhifng tieu chi dd Hien v i n la dja p h u o n g tir danh gia va cham diem cho minh, vl the cd the ciing chua chinh xac,
Nhdm tieu chi thir V "He thong chinh tri" nen sira ddi "He thdng chinh tri va xa hdi" Ngoai cac tieu chi da ed ve "He thong to chifc chinh tri - xa hoi vii-ng manh" va "An ninh, trat t u xa hoi d u p e g i u virng" can bo sung them tieu chi "Xay dung cae chi/c xa hdi dan s u lanh manh" Tieu chi mdi | cd it nhat chi tieu: mdt la lanh manh hoa | cae to chirc xa hoi dan s u hien cb, hai la ^ phat then mang ludi to chirc xa hpl dan ^ s u theo muc tieu chung "Dan giau, Nude | manh, Xa hdi dan chu, cdng bang, van z minh, hien dai"