iv Cũng giống như danh từ có EITHER, NEITHER thêm nghĩa, đại từ EITHER, NEITHER, trên nguyên tắc là ở số ít nhưng khi thay thế bằng một đại từ nhân xưng hay dùng một tính từ sỡ hữu có li[r]
(1)I/ both and Both+ N+ and+ N/eg: she plays both tennis and badminton Both V + and+V/ eg: she both cries and laughes both adj+ and adj/ eg: he is both intelligent and handsome Both adv+ and adv/ eg: I go to school in both the moring and the afternoon * V sau both and chia o dang so nhieu II/ not only but also tuong tu both and / eg: she not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations III/ either or tuong tu both and / Either + S1+ or+S2: v sau chia theo s2 VI/ Neither nor tuong tu both and / v sau chia theo s2 Both … and …, Not only … but also …, Either … or, Neither … nor … Revision Terms We call both … and, not only … but also …, either… or, neither … nor pair conjunctions or correlative conjunctions Parallel structures The same grammatical form should follow each part of the paired conjunctions Both + noun + and + noun/pronoun Both my sister and I went to Hoang Van Thu High School Not only + adj + but also + adj Trang is not only intelligent but also generous Not only + verb + but also + verb Minh not only saw the famous writer but also spoke to him Either + noun + or + noun Students can choose either English or French in this semester Neither + verb + nor + verb She had promised to visit me, but she neither came nor telephoned Subject and verb agreement Two subjects connected by both … and … take a plural verb Both Tam and Dan work for an instruction company When two subjects are connected by not only … but also, either … or…, neither… nor…, the second subject determines the form of the verb Not only my parents but also my brother is on a trip to Ha Long Either the teacher or the students have to make a plan for the class newspaper Neither salt nor sugar is necessary for this dish Notes Lop11.com (2) Not only… but also … can be replaced by not only … but … as well It is not only rainy but also windy in this season It is not only rainy but windy in this season as well Exercises A In each of the following sentences, there is an error Identify and correct it Both my teacher praised my best friend and me Ha neither went to my party or told me the reason why I enjoy neither swimming nor go fishing Hoa not only helps me in my work but as well shares my happiness and sadness in life I prefer living in the country since it is not only quiet but also less traffic I love not only watching game shows but talk shows as well I love literature, so I will either become a literature teacher or a journalist Rice is both grown in the north and in the south of Viet Nam B Suply the correct form and tense of the verb in the parentheses Both the fridge and the air conditioner (not work) ………………… today Both my sister and I (never be) ………………… to Ha noi before Either my husband or I (have) ………………… to see the estate agent today Either Thuy or her friends (be going to) ………………… pick you up at the airport Neither Mrs Hoa nor her assistants (be) ………………… at the meeting yesterday Not only Trung but also his parents (be expected) ………………… to come to the ceremony C There is a lack of both, and, not only, but also, either, or, neither or nor in the following passage Put a check () where you will find in one of these words and write the word on the right Television is one of the greatest inventions since it helps us ……………… relaxed after a day of work transfers the latest news in the world ……………… Normally, when we feel tired, we can choose to go out and have a ……………… drink with some friends to sit on the sofa in front of the television ……………… and enjoy the family warm atmosphere You may say that you ……………… like music programs lengthy soap operas No problem There are ……………… many channels for you to choose Why don’t you try TV news ……………… programs documentaries if you are interested in enlarging your ……………… knowledge? Besides, you can watch live soccer games that are ……………… transferred through satellites listen to lively comments which you ……………… can never hear in the stadium ……………… However, spending so much time watching television may have ……………… bad effects on parents work and children’s study Therefore, ……………… parents children should agree on how much time of watching TV ……………… is enough for a day ……………… D Combine wo sentences into one, using both … and …, not only … but also, either… or …, neither … nor… Hoang didn’t come to class today Nhan didn’t come to class today (neither… nor…) Lop11.com (3) Le will buy a new T-shirt If there is no style that she likes, she will buy a shirt instead (either … or…) Oxygen is necessary for life Water is necessary for life too (both … and…) Chanh is also absent-minded He left his book in class He also left his jacket in class (not only … but also) My father is going to see my teacher this Sunday If he is busy, my mother is going to see my teacher (neither … nor… ) Let’s go to the market to get some spices We don’t have any salt left and we run out seasoning too (neither … nor …) My aunt lives with me My cousins live with me too (not only… but also….) This shop sells fresh fruits It also sells canned fruits (both … and …) A- Đặc điểm: *Either = cái này, cái kia, người này người *Neither = Không phải cái này mà không phải cái kia, không phải người này mà không phải người *Both = hai Có số điểm giống nhau: a> Ba từ nói trên có thể dùng để hai người hai vật, không thể ba người hay ba vật trở lên Ví dụ: Either shirt is OK : cái áo sơmi nào (nghĩa là cái này hay cái được) I like neither of them : tôi không thích người nào (trong số hai người) They are both too young to go to school : hai đứa còn nhỏ quá chưa học b> Ba từ nói trên có thể dùng tính từ, đại từ hay liên từ + Tính từ Ví dụ: * Neither student is good at maths * There are trees on either side of this treet * Both these girls are married + Đại từ Ví dụ: * Either (of them) can swim * Neither (of them) has a bicycle * I know both (of them) + Liên từ Ví dụ: * He neither drinks nor smokes * A bird may be either shot or trapped * The statue of Liberty was both designed and presented to the American people by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi Trong phần liên từ này ta có thể kể thêm tương liên từ (correlative) not only…but also… (không những….mà còn… Vì cấu trúc gần giống các liên từ = either…or…,neither…nor…, và both… and…) Riêng trạng từ, thì “either” “neither” có dùng vị trí trạng từ, “both” thì không Trái lại “both” có thể lảm nhiệm vụ đồng vị chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xưng Ví dụ: Lop11.com (4) * We both cut ourselves while shaving Từ đồng vị “both” có thể đứng trợ từ và động từ chính hay sau động từ “to be” Ví dụ: * They can both swim well * You are both late * They have both gone to market B- Cấu trúc Part 1: Tính từ Tính từ mô tả, là tính từ màu sắc, thường có hai chức năng: bổ ngữ (C), định ngữ (M) Tuy nhiên có số tính từ đó có either, neither, both, làm định ngữ mà thôi Là định ngữ, ba tính từ này đứng trước danh từ số ít 1) EITHER & NEITHER Ví dụ: * Either tourist speaks English * Neither umbrella is mine * Either student is good at maths, aren’t they? * Neither person witnessed the accident, did they? Từ ví dụ trên chúng ta có thể rút kết luận cách dùng “either” & “neither” - Danh từ mà “either”, “neither” thêm nghĩa, không có mạo từ “a”, “an” đứng trước, cho dù danh từ là danh từ đếm -“Either”, “neither” cúng không chấp nhận mạo từ “the”, “this”, “that” hay tính từ sở hữu nào đó - “Either”, “neither” thêm nghĩa cho danh từ số ít, đó danh từ là chủ ngữ thì động từ số ít Tuy nhiên, tiếng Anh đại, danh từ bao gồm nam lẫn nữ, thì đại từ thay phải số nhiều Tính từ sở hữu danh từ số nhiều: Ví dụ: * Either student left their books behind 2) BOTH Ví dụ: * Both students were wearing uniforms * Both these/those/our houses are in Dien Bien Phu st * We both agreed to his proposal * We can both cook well * They were both late Qua ví dụ trên chúng ta nhận xét có gì khác BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER - “Both” luôn số nhiều Do đó danh từ mà “both” thêm nghĩa luôn số nhiều, là danh từ đếm - Danh từ sau “both” có thể có mạo từ “the”, tính từ định (determinative) “these”, “those”, hay tính từ sở hữu “my”, “your”… trước Nhưng các từ trước này lại đứng sau “both”, mặc dù “both” là tính từ - “Both” không có chức trạng từ, có thể làm từ đồng vị cho đại từ chủ ngữ Là từ đồng vị “both” có thể đứng trước động từ chia rồi, sau “to be”, trợ từ và động từ chính 2) Trạng từ (Adverb) Ví dụ: * She can’t climb the mountain and he can’t EITHER * I wasn’t at the beauty contest and NEITHER was she * Thuy didn’t have her hair cut, NEITHER did her brother *A: I shan’t go overseas next month Lop11.com (5) B: I shant’t EITHER/ NEITHER shall I Từ các ví dụ trên ta có thể thấy, EITHER và NEITHER dụng trạng từ thì có thể sử dụng thể phủ định a, EITHER (Adv) i) Cả hai vế,trước và sau, thể phủ định ii) EITHER đứng sau “to be”, sau trợ động từ (trong câu hỏi ngắn gọn) và cuối câu Ví dụ: * I’m not happy and you arenn’t EITHER * She can’t ski and I can’t EITHER * The boy didn’t his homework, he didn’t learn his lesson EITHER * He hasn’t been to Halong Bay and his sister hasn’t been there yet EITHER b) NEITHER/NOR (Adv) i) NEITHER và NOR có thể dùng để bày tỏ động ý với lời phát biểu phủ định Ví dụ: * A: I can’t dance B: I can’t EITHER (NEITHER/NOR can I) Chú ý: Trong đàm thoại còn có thể nói: Me NEITHER! / NOR me! ii) NEITHER và NOR câu nói mà chủ ngữ hai vế trước và sau là người nói thì có hai cách: Cách thứ nhất: Trước NEITHER hay NOR có thêm liên từ kết hợp là AND hay BUT (động từ mệnh đề sau dạng nghi vấn) Ví dụ: * He can’t dance and NEITHER/NOR can his sister * I can’t play the violin but NEITHER/NOR can she Chú ý: Cách dùng AND và BUTvới NOR thì người Anh thường dùng các người nói tiếng Anh khác trên giới (Úc, philipin…) Ngược lại, các nơi khác thì thường dùng AND và BUT với NEITHER Cách thứ hai: Tiếp theo vế thứ nhất, không cần dùng liên từ AND hay BUT mà cần ngăn cách hai mệnh đề dấu phẩy(,) (lẽ dĩ nhiên động từ thể nghi vấn) Ví dụ: * He wasn’t invited to the party, NOR did he want to join in iii) Đôi NEITHER/NOR (trạng từ) dùng câu mà vế trước dùng thể khẳng định (thường thì hai mệnh đề độc lập có dấu phẩy(,) Ví dụ: * He slept all day; NOR did he eat anything Đại từ (Pronoun) Khi BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER thay cho anh từ, nó trở thành đại từ a) Đại từ này có thể thay cho danh từ hiểu ngầm (nghĩa là nói thì người nghe biết đó là người nào, vật nào) Ví dụ: * BOTH passed the exam (BOTH = students) * I don’t like EITHER (EITHER = Example, Tea or Coffee) b) Đại từ này thường có “OF” theo sau muốn lựa chọn số hai người, hai vật cụ thể: Ví dụ: * I haven’t seen EITHER of those films * BOTH of these restaurants give good services Lop11.com (6) * NEITHER of us wanted to go to bed Khi dùng EITHER, NEITHER, BOTH với “of” cần lưu ý điểm sau: i) Of là giới từ tổng số người hay tổng số vật mà từ đó ta trích số thường là nhỏ Danh từ hay đại từ tổng số sau “of” và đại từ số trích trước “of” Tổng số trường hợp này có hai người hay hai vật Số trích có thể là người hay vật (EITHER, NEITHER) hay hai người hay hai vật (BOTH) Bởi không cần dùng từ “two” tổng số mà người nghe hay người đọc biết tổng số có hai người hay hai vật ii) Danh từ sau “of” , là danh từ đếm được, thường số nhiều và xác định, nghĩa là có mạo từ “the” có tính từ định “these”, “those” có tính từ sở hữu “his”, “my”.v.v… đứng trước (chú ý: danh từ sau “of” không mang nghĩa tổng số thì không cần tuân theo quy luật này) Ví dụ: * BOTH of the hotels we stayed in were expensive * NEITHER of these girls know how to swim * EITHER of my daughters is married iii) Đại từ EITHER, NEITHER, đứng truớc “of” là số ít, nên theo quy luật ngữ pháp thì động từ phải số ít Nhưng lối văn đàm thoại thì người ta thích dùng số nhiều Ví dụ: * I’m a native of England but NEITHER of my parents is/are English * EITHER of his sons is/are abroad iv) Cũng giống danh từ có EITHER, NEITHER thêm nghĩa, đại từ EITHER, NEITHER, trên nguyên tắc là số ít thay đại từ nhân xưng hay dùng tính từ sỡ hữu có liên hệ đến hai từ thì người Anh chọn số nhiều, mặc dù có hai người cùng giống (đực cái) không phải khác phái: Ví dụ: * EITHER of your daughters is/are married,aren’t they? * NEITHER of these students did their homework v) Tuy EITHER có thể làm chủ ngữ câu khẳng định và nghi vấn nó không thể làm chủ ngữ cho động từ thể phủ định Ví dụ: * EITHER of these pupils did not their homework (sai) 4.Liên từ a) Quy luật chung: Các liên từ EITHER… OR…, NEITHER… NOR…, BOTH….AND…., NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO… có quy luật chung, gọi là quy luật cân đối, nghĩa là câu kép (compound sentence) vế đầu hay mệnh đề đầu EITHER,NEITHER, BOTH, NOT ONLY với loại từ nào thì vế sau hay mệnh đề sau OR, NOR, AND, BUT ALSO phải với loại từ đó Ví dụ: * He speaks BOTH English AND French (vế trước BOTH với danh từ, vế sau AND với danh từ) Chú ý: Nếu ta nói: “He BOTH speaks English AND French” thì cân đối văn đàm thoại chấp nhận Ví dụ: * She NEITHER smokes NOR drinks (NEITHER, NOR đứng trước động từ) * He is BOTH deaf AND dumb (BOTH, AND đứng trước tính từ) * You can speak EITHER slowly OR fast It doesn’t matter to me (EITHER, OR đứng trước trạng từ) * Your father was NEITHER at home NOR in his office (NEITHER, NOR đứng trước giới Lop11.com (7) từ) * She gave up her job NOT ONLY because she had a baby BUT ALSO because the pay was low (NOT ONLY, BUT ALSO đứng trước liên từ) b) Những trường hợp cá biệt: i) EITHER…OR… và NEITHER…NOR… - EITHER và NEITHER liên từ, khác với EITHER và NEITHER tính từ chỗ danh từ sau EITHER…OR… và NEITHER…NOR… có thể có mạo từ xác định, hay không xác định, có this, that hay tính từ sở hữu đứng trước: Ví dụ: * EITHER my father of my mother will see me off * I have got NEITHER the time NOR the money to go travelling * EITHER a boy OR a girl can callisthenics * NEITHER this hat NOR that one suits me - EITHER…OR…, NEITHER…NOR…, có áp dụng cho ba người hay vật Ví dụ: * You can EITHER make some coffee OR you can make some tea, OR you can BOTH * NEITHER enticement, NOR threat, NOR torture could make him supply any information - Nếu chủ từ khác số (nhiều hay ít) hay ngôi (person) thì động từ hiệp theo từ gần nhất, tức theo nguyên tắc từ gần (principle of proximity) Ví dụ: * NEITHER he NOR his friends were seen at the meeting * EITHER the boy OR his brothers have been there * EITHER you OR I am to blame * NEITHER you NOR she was wrong Tuy nhiên, người ta thường tránh lối để chủ ngữ và tách riêng chủ ngữ hai vế khác Ví dụ: * EITHER you are to blame OR I am * You were not wrong, NOR was she ii) NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO… -Trong câu “NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…”, vế sau có thể để nguyên BUT ALSO, có thể bớt Also hay tách rời also khỏi but và để also trở thành trạng từ thêm nghĩa cho động từ, có But có thể bỏ Ví dụ: * NOT ONLY children but grown up people also love Walt Disney cartoons * NOT ONLY children but (also) grown up people love Walt Disney cartoons - Khi NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO… cùng với động từ ta lại muốn nhấn mạnh để người nghe hay người đọc chú ý thì có thể để NOT ONLY đầu câu và động từ thì dạng nghi vấn Ví dụ: * NOT ONLY did the bush crash into a tree, (but) it also ran over a child Lop11.com (8) Bài tập 1: Dïng either,neither,both để hoàn thành các câu sau: We can stay at_either_ hotel They both_ give good service Both _ these teeth are aching They_both_ live in Danang The match ended in a draw _Neither _ team won I haven’t been to _neither country Which way is it to the railway station ? - You can go ether way They didn’t work hard. Nether _ student passed the exam After the ninth round of the match, both boxers were tired out _Nether _ student had done their homework Both were punished by the teacher 10 I don’t like the colour of _either _ shirt 11 both my children are at school Bài tập 2: Hãy viết lại các câu đây cách dùng liên từ ngoặc Ex: He enjoys collecting stamps AND old china (BOTH…AND…) => He enjoys collecting BOTH stamps AND old china The chickens haven’t been fed; the pigs haven’t been fed EITHER (NEITHER…NOR…) She carried me in her arms AND she lutted me to sleep (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…) You were mad OR drunk (EITHER…OR…) You can find it in the library OR in a second-hand book shop (EITHER…OR…) The boy is intelligent AND hardworking (BOTH…AND…) He didn’t want his coffee OR his tea strong (NEITHER…NOR) You can take these tablets OR seek a doctor’s advice (EITHER…OR…) The thief stole my money AND tore up my identify card (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO) He spoke French fluently AND correctly (BOTH…AND…) 10 She should get a scholarship OR she should work her way through medical school (EITHER…OR…) Bài tập 4: Hãy viết lại các câu đây cách dùng liên từ ngoặc Ex: He enjoys collecting stamps AND old china (BOTH…AND…) => He enjoys collecting BOTH stamps AND old china The chickens haven’t been fed; the pigs haven’t been fed EITHER (NEITHER…NOR…) She carried me in her arms AND she lutted me to sleep (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…) You were mad OR drunk (EITHER…OR…) You can find it in the library OR in a second-hand book shop (EITHER…OR…) The boy is intelligent AND hardworking (BOTH…AND…) He didn’t want his coffee OR his tea strong (NEITHER…NOR) You can take these tablets OR seek a doctor’s advice (EITHER…OR…) The thief stole my money AND tore up my identify card (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO) He spoke French fluently AND correctly (BOTH…AND…) 10 She should get a scholarship OR she should work her way through medical school (EITHER…OR…) Lop11.com (9) Bài tập 5: Dịch sang tiếng Anh, sử dụng cấu trúc vừa học Bạn học theo giáo trình này có cảm thấy thích thú không ? Vâng, thích – Tôi Tuần vừa tôi không câu mà ba tôi Cả hai bạn giỏi toán Cả hai dây giày này tuột Không đứa nào tự tắm rửa Bệnh nhân nào đã tự lại mình Chị đã Thái Lan Tôi Hôm qua anh không cop bài người bên cạnh và chị Tối qua cậu bé không học bài mà không làm bài tập nhà 10 Cách đây phút, cậu giả vờ ngủ mà còn ngáy 11 Cả anh và em gái cô mê đọc sách 12 Cậu giả vờ không thấy tao, và cô 13 Tôi tự hỏi không biết có nên nhận lời mời anh hay không ? Tôi 14 Vừa chị định không tham gia thảo luận Anh 15 Không người nào số hai chúng tôi có thể quên ngày gặp mẹ chúng tôi lần cuối cùng 16 Vừa rồi, hai chúng tôi có thử gọi số điện thoại nhà cô không thấy trả lời 17 Anh không fải điếc không phải câm 18 Anh nói ngọng Anh nói vừa ngập ngừng vừa không rõ ràng 19 Hút thuốc không có hại cho sức khỏe người hút mà còn có hại cho người xung quanh 20 Hoặc là anh là tôi phải chịu trách nhiệm việc này 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' BOTH EITHER , I really don’t mind.' 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' BOTH NEITHER , It’s the 20th,' 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take BOTH EITHER ' I asked two people the way to the station but BOTH NEITHER OF them could help me 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' BOTH EITHER , I’ll be in all day.' 'Where’s Kate? Is she at work or at home?' BOTH NEITHER, she's away on holiday.' To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road You can go BOTH EITHER way I tried twice to phone George but BOTH times he was out BOTH NEITHER OF Tom's parents is English His father is Polish and his mother is Italian 10 I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to BOTH EITHER OF them 11 Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but BOTH NEITHER OF us can play very well 12 I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but BOTH NEITHER OF them had it 13 There were two windows in the room It was very warm, so I opened BOTH BOTH OF them She doesn't go to the cinema, NEITHER DO TOM NEITHER DOES TOM Jane won't buy a new dress, NEITHER WON'T MEG NEITHER WILL MEG Mike doesn't like playing football, BRIAN DOESN'T EITHER Kevin didn't phone Tom yesterday, HE DON'T NEITHER I DIDN'T EITHER I won't tell you what happened, BETTY WON'T EITHER She isn't sleeping yet, JOHN ISN'T NEITHER NEITHER IS JOHN My boss doesn't want to take a plane, I DON'T EITHER They didn't eat any cake, JIM NEITHER DID NEITHER DID JIM She hasn't taken any photo, THEY HAVEN'T EITHER 10 Jim doesn't drink tea in the morning, I DO NEITHER NEITHER DO I What you want to drink this morning, black or white coffee ? I don't mind, I'll drink NEITHER EITHER of them What would you like to eat, butter or jam ? I'll eat NEITHER BOTH of them I like butter and I like jam Would you like a piece of cake or a piece of fruit ? I 'd like NEITHER BOTH of Lop11.com (10) them What are you wearing today, a sweater or a jacket ? NEITHER of them, it's too hot ! Do you have a geography or a history lesson ? We have NEITHER lesson : our teacher is ill Did you buy an exercise-book or a ring binder for music lessons ? I had enough money, so, I bought NEITHER BOTH of them Are you going to school with Helen or Jack today ? I'm going with NEITHER BOTH of them Don't forget to visit your uncle ! You can take NEITHER EITHER the bus which stops in front of his house or the bus which goes from the park, but remember that NEITHER runs after seven p.m 10 Be careful crossing the street, cars are parked on NEITHER BOTH sides of the road ! I have two daughters, their names are Phoebe and Hannah They wake me up very early in the morning AND NEITHER Phoebe AND NOR Hannah wants to stay in bed after 6.30 am AND BOTH Phoebe AND Hannah like to dress themselves, even if they find it difficult to tie up their shoes During the morning the children play with their toys and put them everywhere in their room But Phoebe doesn't put them back in the chest, Hannah doesn't AND EITHER At lunch Phoebe refuses to eat vegetables and AND Hannah In the afternoon AND BOTH Phoebe Lop11.com SO does (11) AND Hannah ask me to go to the park Two hours later AND NEITHER Phoebe 10 AND NOR Hannah wants to leave the park They don't want to stop playing 11 In the evening the girls AND EITHER have a bath 12 AND OR a shower 13 When it is time to go to bed Phoebe disappears, AND SO does Hannah But I manage to put them to bed at 8.00 14 At last I can have a rest I can AND EITHER read a book 15 AND OR watch television Phoebe and Hannah are twins, they are four and they make me very happy You haven't any choice, EITHER you win or you lose EITHER NEITHER your cries nor your tears can stop him He didn't his homework, EITHER NEITHER did his friend When I go to the pub EITHER I drink orange juice or I have a cup of tea EITHER NEITHER his parents nor his friends can make him change his mind He said that EITHER you give him some money or he will send the file to the police I like EITHER NEITHER of them EITHER expensive or cheap, I will buy this car You can find your son in EITHER NEITHER of these two rooms I've not seen him 10 The policeman believed EITHER NEITHER the boy nor the woman 11 EITHER NEITHER Jack nor my brother can win 12 She can't dance tonight, EITHER NEITHER can her boyfriend Lop11.com (12) jumping These girls are funny, ALL OF ALL OF ALL OF ALL OF these girls are standing BOTH the boy and the girl are sitting NEITHER of these children is walking ALL OF THE TWO little bears are playing together ALL OF BOTH OF them are BOTH boys are running ALL OF ALL OF NONE of these girls is crying THE TWO girls look very different Lop11.com (13) 10 ALL OF TWO of these girls are dancing Look at these boys! they are ALL OF BOTH wearing a hat 'Both' may be used in different ways : Her brothers are both teachers (after an auxiliary) Their children both play the piano (before a verb) Both her brothers are teachers (before a noun if you want to insist) Both their children play the piano She has seen both films She has seen both the films (with the definite article but mind the structure) Both of those books are interesting.(with 'of') or Both those books are interesting I saw both of them (with 'of' before a pronoun) I met both of them Lop11.com (14) He has read both books He has read the two books ('both' may be replaced by 'the two') The two countries are different (here you insist on the difference) The two houses are different He is both handsome and clever She likes both English and French He is good at both mathematics and music So / Neither ? To agree with a positive statement: We use so + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun: 'I like tea without sugar.' 'So I.' To agree with a positive statement: We use nor/neither + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun: 'I don't like tea with sugar.' 'Nor I.' or 'Neither I.' To disagree with a positive statement: We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb + not (-n't): 'I like tea without sugar.' 'I don't.' To disagree with a negative statement: We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb: Lop11.com (15) 'I don't like tea with sugar.' 'I do.' She is BOTH OF BOTH intelligent and pretty The houses are BOTH too expensive My children BOTH OF BOTH went to London last year Where are the children? They are here, I can see BOTH BOTH OF them She will pass her exam, she is good at BOTH French and English I know their twins, BOTH THE TWO girls are very different Did you see Jane and Mike yesterday? yes I met BOTH OF them at the postoffice Their dogs are awful ! they THE TWO BOTH made the kitchen dirty I like none of these actors, you? oh yes, I like BOTH OF them Dany loves travelling.(I) [NO ANSWER] SO DO I Peter phoned Sarah.(Brian) [NO ANSWER] SO DID BRIAN Peter doesn't like carrots.(I) [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DO I You went to Australia last year.(She) [NO ANSWER] SO DID SHE Mike doesn't like mathematics.(We) [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DO WE You are late for school [NO ANSWER] SO AM I You don't like red skirts [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DOES Jane My children go to St Johana's School [NO ANSWER] SO DO yours Paul should behave more carefully [NO ANSWER] SO SHOULD Kathrin Students were not tired at the end of the day [NO ANSWER] NEITHER WERE the teachers Guy speaks English very well [NO ANSWER] SO DOES Veronique I am a teacher [NO ANSWER] SO ARE you Vivian can never be rich [NO ANSWER] NEITHER CAN Paul I am not expecting any prize [NO ANSWER] NEITHER ARE you 10 I will be at the party [NO ANSWER] SO WILL Alfred 11 Karim studied in the U.S.A [NO ANSWER] SO DID Henry 12 You didn't see him [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DID I 13 Sam should not have left school so early [NO ANSWER] NEITHER SHOULD Lillian 14 They must obey the instructions [NO ANSWER] SO MUST we 15 We won't be long [NO ANSWER] NEITHER WILL they 16 Mary goes by train at pm [NO ANSWER] SO DO I 17 I did not wash my car yesterday [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DID Kan 18 Camin is a computer scientist [NO ANSWER] SO ARE you 19 Catherine has eaten rice [NO ANSWER] SO HAVE they Lop11.com (16)