Thflc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt cfla lien thdng di vao ne nep ket hpp vdi ddo tao, bdi dfldng nang cao chat lupng dpi ngu, nang cao tinh than trdch nhiem va dao dflc cdng vu cho cdn[r]
(1)NHIN RATHt Gidl
BAI HGC RUT RA TIT PHAP LUAT V i DAG DU1C CONG CHUC CAC NUtTC CHAU A
iTilS-LEDINHMUin
Xay dflng mdt dpi ngu cdng chflc chuyen nghiep, cd du nang lyc vd pham chat ddp flng yeu cau cua nen hdnh chfnh phdt trien Id mdi quan tam cua bat cfl qud'c gia ndo tren the' gidi Quy t i e dao dflc ddi vdi cdng chflc dUpc phdp luat ghi nhan vd bao dam thyc hien Id van de rat dfldc quan tam vd tiep tyc hddn thien nham xay dyng mdt dpi ngO cdng chflc sach, t i n tyy phyc vy sfl nghiep cdng
Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc dfldc cdc qudc gia tren the gidi quy djnh thee hfldng cy the va the hien dfldi hinh thflc cd gid trj phdp ly cao Id cdc dao luat Kinh nghiem ve xay dyng vd thyc hien phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc cua mdt sd nfldc cd dieu kien phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi tfldng ddng vdi Viet Nam d chau A cd the nghien cflu hpc tap cd chen Ipc qud trinh thflc hien cai cdch hdnh chfnh, xay dyng dpi ngu cdn bd, cdng chflc d nUdc ta hien
1 Phap luat ve dao dUc cong chUc Trung Qudc
Ke tfl thdnh lap nfldc, Trung Qud'c da tien hdnh nhieu ddt cai cdch hdnh chfnh dd rat chu y tdi xay dyng dpi ngu cdng chflc ddp flng yeu cau phdt trien dat nfldc Bfldc tien quan trpng viec xay dyng dpi ngu cdng chflc Id chuye'n ddi truyen thdng quan ly cdng chflc tfl che dp nhan trj sang che dp luat trj Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Trung Qudc cung cd nhOng bfldc phat trien nha't djnh nham myc tieu tuyen chpn,
(*) Vi$n Nha nUdc va Phap luat, HQC VIQH Chinh trj - Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
SLf dyng vd ddnh gid dpi ngO cdng chflc ca ve pham chat dao dflc vd ndng lyc thflc thi cdng vy Cdc quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng chflc dfldc the hien dfldi hinh thflc van ban cd gid trj phdp ly cae Id cac dao luat Tfl nam
1993, Tham chi'nh vien Trung Qud'c da ban hdnh Dieu le tam thdi ve cdng chflc; ngdy 27/4/2005 Luat cdng vy da dfldc Qud'c hdi Trung Qud'c thdng qua vd cd hieu lyc tfl ngdy 1/6/2006
Tfl nam 2003 den nay, Trung Qudc thflc hien cai cdch hanh chfnh giai doan gan vdi myc tieu thay ddi thyc sfl chflc ndng cua chfnh quyen theo hfldng chuye'n tfl chfnh quyen vd han (lam mpi viec) sang chfnh quyen hflu han (chi quan ly d tam vT md bang phdp luat), khdng lam thay cdc doanh nghiep vd chfnh quyen cap dfldi Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Trung Qud'c cung tiep tyc dUdc sCfa ddi vd hoan thien phu hdp Trong td chflc thflc hien phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc, che dp cdng vy cua Trung Qud'c cdn cd them cd quan chiJ quan ehdng tham nhung vd Idm sach dpi ngu cdng chflc (Bd Gidm sdt) Chflc nang cua cp quan Id thyc hien quyen gidm sdt cdc cd quan nhd nfldc thyc hien cdc chfnh sdch cua nhd nfldc, thy ly cdc td cdo cua cdc Cd quan vd cd nhan cdng chflc, dieu tra cdc hdnh vi vi pham phdp luat cua cdc cd quan, cdng chflc Ngodi cdn cd chflc ndng kien nghj vdi Chfnh phu sCfa ddi, bai bd, ban hdnh mdi cac chfnh sdch de gdp phan vdo cai cdch hdnh chfnh va xay dyng nen hdnh chfnh vflng manh
(2)Cdc bien phdp kiem sodt va xCf ly hanh vi vi pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc cung dfldc thyc hien mdt cdch nghiem chinh khdng cd ngoai le Nhflng hanh vi vi pham ve dao dflc, Idi sdng cua cdng chflc nhQng nam qua dUdc dua xfl ly nghiem minh, cd tdc dyng viec chan chinh va xay dyng dao dflc cdng chflc
2 Phap luat ve dao dUe cong chUe Nhat Ban
Nhat Ban la mdt nhflng nfldc cd nen kinh te phdt trien tren the gidi (dflng thfl hai sau My) Cai cdch hanh chinh dupe Chinh phu thflc hien tfl nhflng thap nien 70 the ky XX; nhflng nam dau cua the ky XXI, cdng cudc cai cdch hanh chinh d Nhat Ban cd nhflng bUdc chuyen quan trpng vdi mue tieu xay dyng mdt bd mat nha nUdc mdi, mdt xa hdi mdi de phdt trien va phdn vinh Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Nhat Ban la mdt nhflng yeu td quan trpng cija the che cdng vy Bai hpc kinh nghiem qua cai cdch hanh chinh ndi chung va cai each cdng vy ndi rieng cua Nhat Ban la coi trpng gid trj dao dflc cdng chflc Chfnh phu Nhat Ban da xay dflng hai bd luat rat quan trpng lien quan den cdng chflc la Luat cdng chLfc va Luat dao dflc cdng chflc Theo dd, pham chat, dao dflc vd y thflc cdng dan cua cong chflc, cOng nhU viec bdi dUdng, nang cao nang lyc chuyen mdn cho cdng chflc, chu trpng nang lyc va ket qua cdng tdc cija cong chflc la nhflng van de ma Chi'nh phu Nhat Ban het sflc quan tam Bdi vi, chi cd nhu vay mdi bao dam cho qud trinh tuyen dung cdng chflc d i i n thyc sy nghiem tuc va bao dam cho cdng chflc ludn la hinh m i u cua cdng dan Nhat Ban dfch thyc, de mpi ngudi noi theo
Luat dao dflc cdng chflc nam 1999 vdi chUdng, 46 dieu quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng chufc, dd xdc djnh rd myc dich cua viec dieu chinh phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc nham gdp phan tri dao dflc cdng chflc va ngan chan nhflng hanh vi vi pham dao dijfc eua cdng chflc hoat ddng cdng vy Mot nhflng ndi dung cd ban cua Luat dao dufc cdng chflc Nhat Ban la quy djnh cy the ve van de nhan qua bieu va nghTa vy ke khai cua cdng chflc ddi vdi qua bieu hoat ddng cdng vy Qua bieu cd gid trj 5.000
Yen phai ke khai va quy djnh rd thdi han phai ke khai'^'
3 Phap luat ve dao dUc cong chUc Thai Lan
Thdi Lan la mdt nudc quan chu lap hien, da sd ngUdi dan theo Phat gido (95%) Thdi Lan tien hanh cai cdch khu vyc cdng tfl nhflng thap nien 90 the ky XX, dd Hien phdp mdi dUpc ban hanh nam 1997 Vdi yeu c i u cua da't nude, ddi hdi chat lUpng hoat ddng cua bd mdy hanh chfnh phai dfldc nang cao, ddc biet yeu cau de cao trdch nhiem cua cdng chflc thyc thi cdng vy, ddp flng yeu cau cua ngudi dan dieu kien dan chu ngdy cang dUpc md rdng Ben canh dd, hien tupng chay mdu chat xdm tfl khu vyc cdng sang khu vyc tu cung Id van de Chfnh phu phai quan tam chUdng trinh cai cdch hanh chfnh ndi chung va cai cdch cdng vy, dd cd dpi ngu cdng chflc ndi rieng
Cdc quy djnh phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Thdi Lan nham thyc thi chien lUpc cai cdch vd phdt then nhan sy de xay dyng dpi ngu cdng chflc cd du nang lyc, trinh dp vd dao dflc hodn thdnh td't nhiem vy; dUpc quy djnh he thdng cdc van ban phdp luat mdt cdch khd ddng bd, dd Id:
- Hien phdp 1997, Dieu 77: Nha nudc cd trdch nhiem xay dyng ke hoach phdt trien chinh trj, tieu chuan dao dflc cija cdc nhd chi'nh trj, cdc quan chflc cija Chfnh phu, cdc can bd, cdng chflc nha nfldc nham ngan chan te nan tham nhung vd nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng cdng
- Bd luat cdng vy nam 1992, Dieu : ngudi cdng chflc phai tuan thu cdc quy djnh, cdc hoat ddng hdnh chfnh vd quy che dao dflc cdng vy Uy ban Cdng vy ban hdnh
- Ke hoach cai cdch quan ly khu vflc cdng (1997-2004), Ke hoach sd 5: cai cdch gid trj vd van hod: Chfnh phu se khuyen khfch nhflng hdnh vi vd thdi dp cd tinh than xay dyng va cd dao dflc cua dpi ngu cdng chflc, ddng thdi tien hdnh xay dyng quy che dao dflc cdng vy va m i u gid trj mdi cho cdng chflc, bao gdm sy tdn trpng quyen ngUdi, de cao tam quan trpng cua sy chuyen c i n , tinh than ky luat, tfnh trung thyc, tinh than trdch nhiem vd sy cdng bang Cd che quan ly ngudn nhan lyc phdi bac gdm viec
(3)khen thudng nhQng ngfldi lam viec cd hieu qua va cd cac bien phap xCf phat nhflng cd nhan lam viec kem hieu qua va khdng cd dao dflc nghe nghiep
- Luat dao dflc cdng vy dUdc ban hanh nam 1994, gdm chfldng ve dao dflc, dd de nhOng nguyen tac flng xfl cua cdng chflc thyc thi cdng vy, bao dam tinh hieu qua va hieu lUc hoat ddng thflc thi cdng vy cua cdng chflc Ben canh dd, cac quy djnh cua Luat dao dflc cdng vy cung de cao danh dy va danh tieng cua cdng chflc nham khuyen khich sfl ngUdng md va tdn trpng cua cdng chung
Ndi dung cp ban cua Luat dao dflc cdng vy Thai Lan bao gdm:
ThU nha't, dao dUc ca nhan: nguyen t i c
dao dflc va tieu chuan dao dflc tdt; nghTa vy vdi sy trung thUc, khdng tim kiem ldi fch cd nhan; tri thai dp tich cflc va ty phdt trien cua ban than mdi cdng chflc
ThU hai, dao dUe cong sd: trung
thyc, cdng bang va khdng kien; thyc hien nhiem vy vdi kha nang cao nhat cung sy sieng nang va chfnh xdc cdng viec; ky luat gid giac va sCf dung thdi gian cua mdi cdng chflc mdt cdch cd ich nhat cdng sd; bao ve tai san va can than sCf dyng tai san cdng
ThU ba, dao dUe mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiep, cap tren va cap dUdi: hdp tdc,
giup dd va l i n g nghe; quan tam tdi cap dUdi ve tinh than, ddng cd lam viec va hanh phuc cua hp; xay dyng tinh t h i n ddng dpi va phUdng phap lam viec theo nhdm thyc hien cdc cdng viec, nhiem vy; cd thai dp nha nhan va mdi quan he tdt vdi mpi ngudi
ThU tu, dao dUe mdi quan he vdi nhan dan va xa hgi: phyc vy nhan dan cdng
bang va nha nhan; de cao sy that; tranh nhan qua va cac dac an vupt qua mfle quy djnh
Cung vdi viec ban hanh Luat cdng vy, viec td chflc thyc thi dfldc Chinh phu chu y va de nhflng giai phdp phu hpp Thang 6/1995, Chi'nh phu phe chuan ke hoach thyc hien Luat dao dflc cdng vu, dd cd cac giai phdp: dUa chUdng trinh va cac giai phap thyc hien Luat dao dflc cdng vu vao ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi; ndi dung dao dflc cdng chflc la mdt phan bat
budc chfldng trinh dao tao cdng chflc d mpi cap, thi tuyen vd de bat cdng chflc; tieu chuan dao dflc va ddnh gid ve dao dflc nghe nghiep cua cdng chflc hanh vi cd nhan cua cdng chflc'^'
4 Bai hge rut tU kinh nghiem cac nUdc chau A viee xay dUng va thUc hien phap luat ve dao dUc cong ehUc
- Nghien cflu de xay dyng va ban hanh
Luat dao dflc cdng vy Kinh nghiem cua cdc nfldc cho thay cac quy djnh phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc dUdc dieu chinh bdi nhieu van ban phap luat khac nhau, dd Hien phdp cd cdc quy djnh mang tfnh nguyen tac va dfldc cy the hda cdc van ban phdp luat ve cdng chflc, cdng vy Cdc nfldc deu cd Luat cdng vy, dd chfla dflng cdc quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng chflc gan vdi tieu chuan cdng chflc, quyen va nghTa vy cdng chflc, quan ly, khen thudng vd ky luat cdng chflc Tuy nhien, cac quy tac, chua'n myc dao dflc cdng chflc thyc thi cdng vy can dfldc quy djnh thd'ng nha't mdt van ban cd gid trj phdp ly cao la Luat dao dflc cdng chflc
Viet Nam da cd Luat cdn bd, cdng chflc (2008), dd cd dieu quy djnh mang tfnh nguyen tac ve dao dflc cdng chflc Thyc hien Luat phdng, ehdng tham nhung cdc bd, nganh da ban hanh Quy t i c ve flng xCf cua can bd, cdng chflc cdc bd, nganh vd chfnh quyen dja phUdng Tinh tdi dau 2009 da cd 26 bd, cd quan ngang bd, cd quan thudc Chfnh phu ban hanh Quy tac ve flng xCf cua cdn bd, cdng chflc'^' Tuy nhien, vdi yeu cau cai each hanh chi'nh, cai cdch che' dp cdng vy, lam sach dpi ngu cdn bp, cdng chflc, can rd sodt cac Quy che flng xCf cua can bd, cdng chflc da ban hanh vdi myc tieu hudng tdi xay dyng, ban hanh Luat dao dflc cdng chflc, gdp p h i n dap flng yeu cau xay dyng nha nfldc phdp quyen X H C N Mat khdc, cdc nfldc cd nen hanh chfnh phdt trien deu coi hoat ddng cdng vy la mot dang hoat dpng mang tinh chuyen nghiep, la mdt nghe bd may nha nUdc va coi dao dufc cdng vy la mdt dang dao dflc nghe nghiep, vi vay, can cd quy tac dao dflc chung cho hoat ddng cdng vy cua cdng chflc
(Xem tiep trang 31)
(4)quan qud trinh giai quyet cdng viec tai bd phan mdt cfla
Thfl ba, cdng tdc tra, kiem tra viec thyc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt CLfa lien thdng d cdc dPn vj phai dflpc tien hanh thfldng xuyen de phdt hien, bieu dUdng kjp thdi nhflng dPn vj, ca nhan lam tdt, phe phdn nhac nhd, udn nan nhflng ddn vj, ca nhan lam chfla td't
Thfl tfl, c i n dp dyng cdng nghe thdng tin giai quyet hd sP tai bd phan mdt cCfa, nham hd trp cho viec lien ket, phdi hdp gifla cdc khau tdc nghiep, gifla cdc cp quan, bd phan chflc nang cung tham gia XLf ly va giai quye't cdng viec dflpc nhanh ehdng va hieu qua hPn
Cdng tdc cai cdch hanh chfnh ndi chung va cai each thu tyc hanh chfnh ndi rieng nhflng nam tdi dflpc tinh VTnh Phuc xdc djnh la nhiem vy trpng tam, la khau ddt phd chien Iflpc phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dja phflpng Cdc cd quan, ddn vj c i n tie'p tyc rd sddt loai bd cdc thu tyc hanh chi'nh mang tfnh quan lieu, rfldm ra; hodn thien cac thu tuc hdnh chi'nh theo hudng cdng khai, ddn gian, thuan tien, giam tdi da ve thu tyc, ve thdi gian giai quye't cdng viec, trdnh phien cho td chflc vd cdng dan Thflc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt cfla lien thdng di vao ne nep ket hpp vdi ddo tao, bdi dfldng nang cao chat lupng dpi ngu, nang cao tinh than trdch nhiem va dao dflc cdng vu cho cdn bd, cdng chflc ddng thdi tie'p tyc hien dai hod cdng sd va cdng tdc quan ly, dieu hanh cua cac CP quan nhd nfldc; tang cfldng dau tfl kinh phf, cd sd vat chat de thyc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt cCfa lien thdng d cdc sd, ban, ngdnh va UBND cdc cap Id gdp phan chung tay thyc hien cai cdch nen hdnh chinh nhd nfldc de' phye vy nhan dan ngdy cdng td't hdn a
BAI HOC RUT RA TV
(Tiep theo trang 48)
- Nguyen t i c dao dflc ddi vdi Chinh phu, cdng
chflc thyc thi cdng vu dfldc coi la nguyen t i c vang ma phap luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc cCia cdc nudc deu the hien: "Can phai ddi xd vdi ngUdi khac
gidng nhu minh mong mudn dUac ddi xd" (Golden
rule that we should treat others as we wish to be treated) Trong xay dyng phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc d nfldc ta hien nay, nen tiep thu kinh nghiem cua cdc nfldc
- Trong td chflc thflc thi phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc, cdc nfldc deu de cao cdng tdc giao dye, ben canh xCf ly nghiem minh cdc hanh vi vi pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Cdng tac gido dye dao dflc cdng chflc mang tfnh b i t budc quan ly cdng chflc; de cao gido dye dao dflc cdng chflc va cd nhOng hinh thflc, phflpng phdp giao dye phu hpp, cd tdc dyng lau dai, tham sau vdo tflng cdng chflc bd mdy nhd nfldc
- SCf dyng cd hieu qua sflc manh cua dfl luan, dac biet la vai trd cua cac co quan thdng tan, bdo chf viec gidm sdt hanh vi flng xfl cua cdng chflc thi hdnh cdng vy Bdo chf va cdc phflpng tien thdng tin truyen thdng tham gia tfch cyc vao viec phdt hien nhflng bieu hien vi pham vd tdn vinh nhflng tam gUPng ve dao dflc cdng chflc, cd tdc dyng to ldn thyc thi phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Thflc hien cdng khai, minh bach hoat ddng cdng vy cua cdng chflc, gdp phan giam thieu, tie'n tdi loai bd nhflng hanh vi vi pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc, dac biet la nhflng hdnh vi sdch nhieu, gay phien cho cdng dan a
Ghi chu: '
(1) Ngudn: www.jinji.go.jp/rinri/eng/index.htm (2) Sach "He thdng cdng vu va xu hUdng cai each cua mot sd nUde tren the gidi" eiia TS Thang Van Phuc, TS NguySn Minh Phuang, Thu Huyen, Nxb CTQG, H 2004
(3) Bao eao sd 135/BC-CP ve Cong tac phdng, ehdng tham nhung ciia Chfnh phu 19/9/2009
www.jinji.go.jp/rinri/eng/index.htm