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tugng nhidm vu vd muc tidu boat ddng eiia mdi d p duge luat phdp phdn bidt rach rdi: + Ngdn hdng Nhd nude thue thi nhidm vu Quin ly nhd nude v$ boat ddng kinh doanh ti6n Id, tfn dun[r]
(1)• HOAT OONG N G A N H A N G
Nganh Ngan hang Viet Nam
dong hanh cung cdng cudc xay dung va phat trien cua dat n vec
NHAN DIP KY NIEM NAM NGAY THANH LAP NGANH NGAN HANG VIET NAM ( / / - / / 0 ) , TAP CHJ TH! TRUQNG TAI CHJNH-TIEN TE XIN LUOC TRJCH VE QUA TRJNH HJNH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN C O N G NHIT NHiJNG DONG GOP TO LON CUA NGANH NGAN HANG DOI VOI CONG CUOC OAU TRANH GIANH OOC LAP D A N TOC, THONG NHAT DAT NU-QC VA XAY DI/NG PHAT TRIEN THEO DjNH HUONG XHCN, HOI NHAP VA THl/C HIEN CNH- HDH (NGUON: NGAN HANG NHA NUOC VIET NAM, TIT BAI DO TOA SOAN DAT)
Trude each mang thang Tam nam 1945, Viet Nam Id nude thudc dja nira phong kien dudi su thdng tri cua thue dan Phdp He thdng tidn td, tin dung ngdn hang duge thie't lap vd bio hd bdi thue ddn Phdp thdng qua Ngdn hang Odng Dudng Ngdn hdng Ddng Dudng vifa ddng vai trd la ngan hang Trung uong trdn todn cdi Ddng Dudng (Viet Nam, Ldo, Campuchia), vifa la ngan hang thuong mai Ngan hang la cdng eu phuc vu die luc chfnh sach thudc dia
ciia chfnh phu Phap va lam giau cho tu ban Phap Tif nam 1950, su chuydn bien ciia cue dien each mang cung ddi hdi cdng tac kinh td, tai ehfnh phii dugc ciing cd vd phdt tridn theo yeu cau mdi Trdn cd so chii trudng ehinh sach mdi vd tdi ehfnh-kinh td ma Oai hdi Oing lln thir II (thang 2/1951) da dd ra,'ngay 6/5/1951, Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh da ky sac lenh sd 15/SL thanh lap Ngan hang Qudc Gia Viet Nam-Ngdn hdng ciia Nha nude dan chii nhan dan diu tidn d Odng Nam A
Ngdn hdng Qudc gia Viet Nam ddi Id kdt q u i ndi tidp eiia qua trinh dau tranh xdy dung hd thdng tidn td, tin dung ddc lap, tu chii, ddnh dau bude phdt tridn mdi, thay ddi vd chat ITnh vuc tidn td, tin dung d nude ta Tai Thdng tu sd 20A/P-TH ngay 21/1/1960 ciia Tdng giam ddc Ngan hang Qudc gia ky thifa uy quydn Thii tudng Chfnh phu, Ngdn hdng Qudc gia Viet Nam dugc ddi tdn Ngdn hdng Nha nude Vidt Nam dd phii hgp vdi Hidn phdp 1946 cua nude Vidt Nam ddn chii
pCem Hep tang 33J
(2)Nganh Ngan hang Viet Nam fneptheotang2)
Cdng boa Nhdng nam sau mien Nam giai phdng (1975), vide tiep quan Ngan hang Quoc gia Viet Nam cgng hoa va d e Ngan hang tu ban tu nhan dudi che Nguy quySn Sai Gdn da md dau eho qua trinh nha't the hoa boat dgng ngan hang toan qudc theo eo che boat dgng ngan hang eua nen kinh te ke hoach boa tap trung Thang 7/1976, Ngan hang Qudc gia d midn Nam duge hgp nha't vao Ngan hang Nha nude (NHNN) Viet Nam, tao he thdng NHNN nhat cua ea nude He thdng td chdc thdng nhat cua NHNN bao gdm: Ngdn hang Trung uong dat tru sd ehinh tai thij dd Ha Ndi, cdc Chi nhanh Ngan hdng tai cac tinh, phd va eac chi didm ngan hang eo sd tai d c huyen, quin tren pham vi c i nude
Can cd vao nhdng bidn ddi quan trgng vd tinh hinh va nhiem vu d e h mang cung nhu vd chdc ning, nhidm vu va td chdc eua NHNN Vidt Nam, qua trinh phat tridn cua hd thdng Ngan hdng Vidt Nam cd thd duge chia lam thdi ky nhu sau:
1 Thdi ky 1951 • 1954: Trong thdi ky ndy, Ngan hang qudc gia Viet Nam duge thdnh lip v i boat ddng ddc lap tuong ddi hd thdng tdi chfnh, thuc hidn trgng trich dau tidn theo chu tmong eua Oing vd nha nude la: phat hanh gii'y bac ngan hang, thu hdi gii'y bac tai chfnh; thuc hidn quan ly Kho bac Nhd nude gdp phan tang thu, tidt kidm chi, thdng nhit quin ly Ihu ehi ngdn sdeh; phit ttidn tin dung ngdn hdng phuc vu sin xuit, luu thdng hang hod, tang eudng luc lugng kinh Id qudc doanh vd dau tranh tidn Id vdi dich
2 Thdi ky 1955 • 1975: Ddy Id thdi ky ca nude khing chidn chdng My, midn Bac xdy dung v i chidn dau, vda sde chi vidn eho c i d mang giai phdng midn Nam; mgi boat ddng kinh td xa hdi phii chuydn hudng theo ydu ciu mdi Trong thdi ky ndy Ngan hang Qudc gia da thi/c hidn nhdng nhidm vu: Cung d thj ta/dng tidn td, gid cho tidn td dn djnh, gdp phan binh dn vat gia, tao didu kidn thuin Igi cho cdng cudc khdi phuc kinh td; Phit ttidn d n g tic ti'n dung nhim phdt ttidn sin xuit luong
thuc, da'y manh khdi phuc vd phat tridn ndng, cdng, thuong nghidp, gdp phan thue hien hai nhiem vu chien luge: xay dung nen kinh te xa hgi chu nghTa mien Bae va giai phdng midn Nam
3 Thdi ky 1975 • 1985: La giai doan 10 nam khdi phuc kinh te sau chidn tranh giai phdng va thdng nhat nude nhd Id thdi ky xdy dung he thdng ngdn hdng mdi cua chinh quydn each mang; tidn hdnh thiet lap he thdng ngan hdng thdng nhat d nude vd ly he thdng ngan hdng cua chd cu d midn Nam Theo dd, Ngdn hdng Qudc gia Viet Nam cua ehinh quydn Viet Nam Cdng hod (d midn Nam) dd dugc qudc huu boa va sap nhap vdo he thdng NHNN Viet Nam, cung thuc hien nhiem vu thdng nhat tidn te ea nude, phat hdnh cdc loai tidn mdi cua nude CHX-HCN Viet Nam, thu hdi cac loai tidn cu d c i hai midn Nam-Bae vio nam 1978 Odn cudi nhdng nam 80, hd thdng NHNN vd co bin van boat ddng nhu la mdt d n g eu ngan sach, chua thue hidn cdc boat ddng kinh doanh tidn td theo Tiguydn tic thj trudng Su thay ddi vd chat ttong boat ddng cua he thdng ngdn hang-ehuydn din sang boat ddng theo co chd thj trudng chi dugc bat dau khdi xudng td cudi nhOng nam 80, vd keo dai eho tdi
4 Thdi ky 1986 den nay:
Td nam 1986 ddn da didn nhidu su kidn quan ttgng, dinh dau su chuydn bidn d n ban ciJa hd thdng Ngan hdng Vidt Nam thd hidn qua mdt sd " d t mdc" d lfnh dot phi sau ddy:
+ Tirnim 1986 den nUm 1990: Thuc
hidn tdeh din d d c ning quan ly Nhi nude khoi chdc ndng kinh doanh tidn Id, lln dung, chuydn hoat dgng ngdn hdng sang hach toin, kinh doanh xa hdi ehu nghTa Co chd mdi vd boat ddng ngdn hang da duge hinh thdnh vd hodn thidn din Thing 5/1990, hai Phip lenh Ngdn hdng ddi Id Phdp Idnh NHNN Vidt Nam vd Phdp Idnh Ngdn hdng, hgp tic xa tin dung vd d n g ly tdi chfnh da chfnh thdc chuydn co ±i hoat ddng ciJa hd thdng Ngdn hdng Vidt Nam td d p sang d p , dd lin dau tidn ddi
tugng nhidm vu vd muc tidu boat ddng eiia mdi d p duge luat phdp phdn bidt rach rdi: + Ngdn hdng Nhd nude thue thi nhidm vu Quin ly nhd nude v$ boat ddng kinh doanh ti6n Id, tfn dung, todn, ngoai hdi vd ngan hang; thuc thi nhidm vu eda mdt Ngan hang Trung uong-ia ngan hang nhat duge phdt hdnh tidn; Id ngdn hdng eua d c ngan hang vd Id Ngdn hang eua Nhd nude; NHTW Id eo quan td chdc vide difiu hanh chfnh sach tidn td, Iiy nhiem vu gid dn djnh gii tri ddng tidn lam muc tieu chu ydu va chi phdi d n bin d c chi'nh sich didu hanh cu thd ddi vdi he thdng cac ngan hang d p
+ Cip Ngdn hdng kinh doanh thudc ITnh vuc luu thdng tidn Id, tin dung, todn, ngoai hdi va djch vu ngan hang loan ndn kinh td qudc ddn d c djnh chd tai ehinh Ngdn hdng vd phi ngdn hdng thuc hidn
Cung vdi qud trinh ddi mdi co chd vin hdnh hd thdng ngdn hdng Id qui trinh ddi hdng loat d c ngdn hdng chuydn doanh d p vdi cdc loai hinh sd hdu khdc gdm Ngdn hdng thuong mai qudc doanh, d phan, Ngdn hdng lidn doanh, chi nhdnh hoac van phdng dai didn cCia ngdn hdng nude ngodi, Hgp lde xa ti'n dung, QTDND, d n g ty ldi chfnh Trong thdi gian ndy, ngdn hdng thuong mai nhd nude Idn da dugc thdnh Idp gdm: 1) Ngdn hdng Ndng nghidp vd Phdt b-idn Ndng thdn Vidt Nam; 2) Ngdn hdng Oau lu vd Phdt tridn Vidt Nam; 3) Ngdn hdng Cdng thuong Vidl Nam; 4) Ngdn hdng Ngoai thuong Vidt Nam
* Tir rism 1991 difn nay: Thuc hidn
chd taiong dudng Idi chfnh sdeh ciia Ding thdi ky CNH-HOH, hd Ihdng ngdn hdng Vidt Nam khdng ngdng ddi mdi vd Idn manh, dim bio thue hidn dugc ttgng ttach cua minh ttong su nghidp xdy dung vd phdt tt-idn kinh Id d i i nude tt^ong ttiidn nidn ky mdi Nhdng diu i n dudi ddy lidn quan lore tidp vd Ihuc di'y qud ttinh ddi mdi manh md hoat ddng Ngdn hdng:
Nim 1993: Binh ttiudng hod d c mdi
quan hd vdi d c id chdc ldi chfnh tidn 1$
(3)qudc td (IMF, WB, ADB)
Nim 1995: Qudc hdi thdng qua nghi
quydt bd thud doanh thu ddi vdi boat ddng ngdn hang; lap Ngan hang Phuc vu ngudi nghdo
NSm 1997:Q[i6c hdi khoa X thdng qua
Luat NHNN Vidt Nam va Ludt d c td chdc tin dung (ngay 2/12/1997) vd d hidu luc thi hanh tu 1/10/1998; Thanh lap Ngan hang Phat tridn Nha ddng bang sdng Cdu Long (Quydt dinh sd 769/TTg, 18/9/1997)
Nim 1999: Thanh lap Bio hidm tidn
gdi Vidt Nam (ngay 9/11/1999)
NSm2000:Ca d u lai tai ehinh vd boat
ddng eiia d e NHTMNN vd co d u lai tdi ehinh va boat ddng cua cac NHTMCP
Nim 2002: Ju hoa lai suit cho vay
VND ciia eac td chdc tfn dung - Bude eudi ciing tu hod hodn todn ldi suit thj tmdng tfn dung d d diu vdo vd diu
Nim2003:T\in hdnh co d u lai theo
chidu sdu boat ddng phu hgp vdi chua'n qudc Id ddi vdi cdc Ngan hang thuong mai; Thanh lap Ngan hdng Chfnh sdeh Xd hdi trdn Cd sd Ngan hang phuc vu ngudi nghdo dd tidn tdi tdeh bach tfn dung ehfnh sdeh vdi tfn dung thuang mai theo co chd thj tivdng; Tidn hdnh sda bude Ludt
NHNNVN
Hien NHNN thue hidn d e nhiem vu, quySn ban quy djnh tai Nghj dinh sd 86/2002/NO-CP ngdy 05/11/2002 va Nghj djnh 52/NO-CP 19/5/2003 cua Chinh phu quy djnh chdc nang, nhidm vu, quyfin ban vd co d u td chdc cua Bd, co quan ngang Bd, cu thd nhu sau: (1) Trinh Chfnh phu, Thu tudng Chfnh phii cdc du an Luat, Phdp lenh va du thio van bin quy pham phap luat khac v6 ti6n te va boat dgng ngan hang (2) Trinh Chinh phu chien luge, quy hoach phat tridn, ke hoach dai ban nam va hang nam v6 tidn Id va boat dgng ngan hang (3) Ban hanh d c quyet djnh, ehi thj, thdng tu thudc pham vi quan ly nha nude eua NHNN (4) Chi dao, hudng dan, kidm tra va chju trich nhidm thuc hien cac van ban quy pham phap luat, chidn luge, quy hoach, kd hoach sau duge phd duydt va cac vin bin phip luit khac thudc pham vi quin ly ciia nganh; tuydn truydn, phd bidn, giao due phdp luit vd thdng tin vd boat ddng ngdn hdng (5) V6 ti6n td vd boat ddng ngdn hdng: Xdy dung du an ehfnh sdeh ti6n Id qudc gia dd Chinh phu xem xdt trinh Qudc hdi quylt djnh va td chdc thue hidn ehfnh sach nay; Trinh Chfnh phu dd an phdt tridn hd thdng ngan
hang va d c td chdc ti'n dung; Cip, thu hdi giiy phep lap va boat ddng ciia cac td chdc tfn dung, ta; tmdng hgp Thu tudng Chinh phu quyet djnh; d p , thu hdi giay phep hoat ddng ngan hang cua cdc td chdc khdc; quydt djnh giai thd, chap thuin chia, tdeh, hgp nhat, sap nhap d e td chdc tin dung theo quy djnh cua phip luat; Kidm tra, tra boat ddng ngan hang, kidm soat tin dung; tra, kidm tra, giai quyet khieu nai, td eao, chdng tham nhung, tieu cue, xd ly d e vi pham phdp luat ITnh vuc tiSn td vd boat ddng ngan hang theo tha'm quydn; Quin ly vide vay, tra ng nude ngoai eua d c doanh nghiep theo quy djnh eiia Chinh phu; Chii tri lap va theo ddi ket qua thue hidn can can todn qudc td; Quin ly ngoai hdi, boat ddng ngoai hdi va quin ly boat ddng xui't nhap kha'u vang; Ky kdt tham gia didu udc qudc td vd tidn td va boat ddng ngan hang theo quy djnh cua phap luat; Oai didn cho nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam tai cae id chdc ti6n td va ngan hang qudc td ttong nhung tmdng hgp dugc Chu tjch nude, Chfnh phu uy quydn; Td chdc dao tao, bdi dudng nghidp vu ngdn hang; nghidn cdu, dng dung khoa hgc va cdng nghd ngan hang (6) Thuc hidn chdc nang NHTW: Td
• • j VAN HOA
JUXAH6I
^ B Bi theo hinh bong Bae ^ ^ H | Nhin dip k^(Mm 58 nSm thinh lip ngii^ NgSn hing VietNam (5/1951-5/2009)
1 ^ ^ Thud Cinh m^ng Tigdn cdn treo sdi tdc' i 'Giiy b^c Cif H6' him lugng cOa Idng tin! § Hinh bdng Bic thiing liSng hin din tdc
m^ DSt diu ta vugt mgi thic ghinh ^B
^ H Dudi inh ving tu Bk vd Nam ^ B Tr$n tuyin giSng co giOa tiSn ta, tiin dich ^ B Hinh inh Bic khim ving ky Uc! ^ H Du6i Tiu -Tdy quyit chiim Unh thi tnrdng
^K
j ^ P Ti4n kg> bude hinh quin anh giii phdng 1 Hdm 990, hdm tiin theo hdm d^n xung phong i Guang li^t s9 sing ngdi quanh bdng Bic
Vinh danh th6m 'Dudng mdn H6 Chi Minh"! Nay ta dang 'Hoc Bic vi lim theo ' Nhu cd Bic in dn qua mdi bude TU mgi gii diing, sai ciing gii, th$t Rd luang tim, chUc trich cOa tUng ngudi Qua gian nan cing td vi thi nginh
Tien dl/ bio ngang tim phong vQ biin Quy lu$t Mie, Au Tiy dang cin hiiu
Hinh bdng Bic H6 dinh hudng sing ni4m tin
'
NGUYEN QUOC VI$T
(4)chdc in, due, bao quan, van chuydn ti6n; thuc hidn nghidp vu phdt hdnh, thu hdi, thay thd va tidu buy ti6n; Thuc hien tai d p vdn nham cung dng tin dung ngan ban va phuong tidn todn cho n6n kinh Id; Didu hdnh thj tardng tiSn td; thuc hidn nghidp vu thj tmdng md; Kidm sodt du trd qudc td, quan ly du trd ngoai hdi Nhd nude; Td chdc hd thdng loan qua ngdn hdng, lam djch vu todn, quan ly vide cung dng cdc phuong tidn lodri; Ldm dai ly vd d c djch vu ngdn hang cho Kho bae Nhd nude; Td chdc he thdng thdng tin vd Idm d c djch vu thdng tin ngdn hang (7) Tham djnh vd kidm tra vide thue hidn cdc du dn diu tu thudc ITnh vuc ngdn hdng theo quy djnh eiia Phdp luat (8) Thuc hidn hgp tdc qudc td ITnh vuc ngdn hdng theo quy dinh ciia phdp luit (9) Quydt djnh d c chii tmong, bidn phip eu thd vd chi dao vide thuc hidn co chd boat ddng ciia d c td chdc djch vu cdng finh vuc ngdn hdng theo quy djnh cua phdp luit, quan ly vd chi dao boat ddng ddi vdi cae td chdc su nghidp thudc NHNN (10) Thuc hidn nhidm vu, quydn ban cu thd thudc quydn dai didn chu sd hdu phin vdn cua nha nude tai doanh nghidp d vdn Nhd nude ITnh vuc ngdn hdng theo quy djnh cua Phdp luit (11) Quin ly nhd nude ddi vdi cdc hoat
ddng eiia Hdi vd td chdc phi Chinh phu ITnh vire ngdn hdng theo quy dinh eua phap luat (12) Quyet djnh vd ehi dao thue hidn chuong trinh d i d c h hdnh chfnh ciia NHNN theo muc tidu vd ndi dung chuong trinh cai cdch hdnh ehinh nhd nude dugc Thu tudng Chinh phu phd duydt (13) Quin ly vd id chdc, bd mdy bidn che; ehi dao thuc hidn chd dd tidn luong va d c chd dd, dfnh s d d dai ngd, khen thudng, ky luat ddi vdi d n bd, cdng chdc, vidn chdc thudc pham vi quan ly cua NHNN (14) Quan ly tdi ehinh, tdi sin dugc giao theo quy djnh ciia Phdp ludt (15) Tham gia xdy dung chidn luge vd kd hoach phdt ttidn kinh Id - xa hdi eua Nhd nude
Trai qua 58 nam xdy dung vd trudng thdnh, he thdng ngdn hdng d nude ta da gdp phin xdng ding vdo nhdng thdnh tuu cua cudc d e h mang Vidt Nam qua nhdng chang dudng chdi ngdi chu nghTa anh cdch mang vd thing lgi vd vang, gdp phan Cling d ndn ddc lap, tu ehu, phuc vu su nghidp giai phdng ddn tdc, thdrig nha't nude nhd
Od ghi nhin nhdng d n g hidn to ldn eua todn ngdnh Ngdn hang hai cudc khdng chidn vdi nhdng thing Igi VT dai cua ddn tdc, Ding vd Nhd nude dd phong ldng vd thudng nhidu danh hidu cao quy nhu: Hudn chuong Hd Chf Minh, Hudn chuang
Ode lap hang Nhat, hang Nhi, hang Ba, danh hidu Anh Lao ddng vd hdng ngdn Hudn, Huy duong Bang khen cdc d p eho d c tap thd vd d nhdn cua ngdnh v6 nhdng ttianh tfch ttidi ky ddi mdi
Den hd ttidng ngdn hdng van id nhdn td ndng d t , tt'd cue ttDng d n g cudc ddi mdi todn didn ndn kinh td dat nude ttieo hudng CNH-HOH van hdnh blng co chd kinh Id ttij ttudng d su quin ly vT md d a Nhd nude theo dinh hudng xa hdi d i i nghla N§n van minh ti6n Id Vidt Nam da tiing bude dugc khang dinh thdng qua tfnh dn djnh gid tti, tinh da dang vS phuong tidn ttianh t d n thay tidn mat vd khdng ngdng hodn ttiidn d c cdng nghd didu hdnh cung nhu cdng nghd kinh doanh hidn dai hudng vd d c nhu d u lien fch da dang d a mgi tang Idp nhdn ddn Su Idn manh vd ttiay ddi nhanh ddng theo chidu hudng ngdy d n g hidn dai phQ hgp vdi tieu dud'n qudc Id cung vdi sy tidp ndi tiuydn thdng vd vang ciia ngdnh ttong ban nCra thd ky qua d a c chan Ngdn hdng Viet Nam cQng se khdng phu Idng tin d a Oing, ciia nhdn ddn vd ciia ban bd qudc Id Vdi nhidm vu quan ttgng Id "mdt ngudi chidn sy xung kfeh" ttong didn luge phit ttidn kinh td - xa hdi eda dat nude ttude nhdng t h i d thdc vd thdi co ciia xu thd hdi nhip vd todn d u hod ttong giai doan phdi ttidn mdii
rrrcn
a VAN HOA
X A H O I
Non song ta mot dai Bac Nam!
Ching bao gid quin dugc thing nim niy Ci dit nude - Cugc hinh quin vl dai Miia hi iy, Idng ta dn nhd mil Thinh phi H6 Chi Minh Tiing gpi phia chin trin!
Ba mud nSm - Khdng, ci cu^c ddi Nh(h)g thi h^ nil dinh giSe
/Vgt/dr chd dgi mil diu di bae
Ngudi dl khdng trd l?i que minh! TU nhitng dnh nmg gian khS, hy sinh Nhihig binh ddn trin ve thinh ph6 Dudng giai phdng trio ding, thic di Qu§ huang minh rgp t)6ng cd bay
Ching bao gid quen dugc fhing nim niy Ci dit nude niem vui doin ty Biin l$ng sdng sau nhChig ngiy vin vQ Non sdng ta mgt dii Bie - Nam!
Trong ni4m vui lieh sir thi6ng Ii6ng Ta l^i thiy thim ngin lin nhd Bic Cd dd bay ci hai miin Nam Bie
Nhd Bip-ICra-Bic Hi dm Pic B6 diu m Moi mii nhi hanh phue binh y6n L4i nhd Bic-Mdt ddi vi dit nude
6$ bac mdu, ddi ddp Up
Ngudi dy danh qui chin cho ddi!
BOlCONGBtH