Chfnh phii can the che' hda cac ndi dung lien quan den HLKT thdng qua viec ban hanh cac chfnh sach, phe duyet kip thdi cac van ban lien quan de'n hanh lang; thanh lap td chuyen trach[r]
(1)M O T SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO H I £ U Lire, HIEU QUA QUAN L^ BfiN VUNG CUA NHA NUCIC DOI V6l CAC HANH LANG
KINH TE VIET NAM
v u DINH HOA* PHAM MANH HA H anh lang kinh te' (HLKT) la mdt
cac hinh thiic td chiic lanh thd kinh te' dua trdn mdt tuye'n true giao thdng quan trgng, nd mang tfnh udc le ve khdng gian va khdng cd chu the quan ly theo luat phap nhung mang tinh xa hdi sau sde
Cac hanh lang kinh te' hinh dua tren mdt tuye'n true giao thdng huye't mach (thudng la dudng d td), cac ca sd cdng nghiep, dich vu dugc tap trung va gdn vdi cac dd thi dge hai ben true dd Lgi ich ttr viec tang trudng d cac cue se dugc lan tda dge hanh lang mdt each nhanh chdng, hieu qua hom nhd cac md'i lien ke't tren tuye'n true Su lan tda cd y nghTa to ldn ca ve mat kinh te' ldn xa hdi: ve kinh te', dieu can thie't viec tao cac dieu kien de ban than hanh lang cd kha nang phat trien ben virng; ve mat xa hdi, su lan tda se gdp phan dam bao cho su phan phdi thu nhap theo lanh thd trd nen cdng bdng hem
1 Tinh hinh phat trien cac HLKT d Viet Nam
Trong xu the' hdi nhap, tang cudng hgp tac quan he gitra cac qud'c gia khu vuc va tren the gidi, mang ludi cac HLKT dang cd xu hudng hinh rat manh khu vuc Tieu vung sdng Me Kdng, ADB da dua sang kie'n ve HLKT, dd HLKT ldn bao gdm: 1- HLKT Bdc - Nam keo tir Van Nam (Trung Qud'c) de'n tan Bangkok (Thai Lan) va tren thuc te nd bao gdm ca HLKT Cdn Minh -Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng; 2- HLKT Ddng - Tay, nd'i tur Yanggon (Myanmar) qua Thai - Lao - Da Nang va 3- HLKT phia Nam, nd'i ttr Bangkok - Phnompenh (Campuchia) den Vung Tau (Viet Nam) Dieu quan trgng nha't, ca hanh lang tao mdt mang lien ke't ddi vdi toan CMS, dd la chua ke de'n
pham vi ttmg qud'c gia, cac hanh lang ciing dugc ke't ndi cac khdng gian dia ly kinh te' cd dac tfnh bd sung manh cho su phat trien giiia chiing
Cac HLKT dugc coi nhu cac true kinh te' ddng luc, mang y nghTa ddu tau de' ldi keo su phat trien chung ciia viing rdng ldn Hieu qua kinh te ma chiing mang lai da va dang ddn dugc khang dinh Xu the phat trien cua cac HLKT giai doan trudc mdt cung nhu lau dai la ra't ldn, dieu cd the tha'y thdng qua viec Thii tudng chfnh phii da ky quye't dinh sd: 98/2008/QD-TTg phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien Hanh lang kinh te' Lang Som Ha Ndi -Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh den nam 2020 Vdi muc tieu la dua miic tang trudng GDP toan tuye'n len ga'p 1,2- 1,4 lan miic trung binh ca nudc; nang tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau qua tuye'n HLKT dat binh quan tren 20%/nam, nam 2010 dat khoang ty USD va nam 2015 dat 4,5 - ty USD va nam 2020 dat tren 10 ty USD Ben canh HLKT Lang San -Ha Ndi - -Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh, Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu ciing da tie'n hanh Quy hoach tdng the' phat trien HLKT Cdn Minh - Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng trinh Chinh phii vdi muc tieu chu ye'u la phat huy dugc lgi the' ciia mdt viing tay nam rdng ldn cua Trung Qud'c de hinh true kinh te' quan trgng doc theo tuye'n giao thdng Cdn Minh - Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng Tao dieu kien cho cac tinh cua Viet Nam ndm hanh lang cd dieu kien phat trien Ddng thdi tang cudng phat trien Idnh te' cho viing sau, vting xa
(2)Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu life, hieu qua Tren thuc te, cac HLKT da ddng gdp tfch
cue vao tang trudng GDP cua cac dia phuang noi nd di qua Cac tinh, phd nam cac HLKT thudng cd dieu kien phat trien thuan lgi ban so vdi cac dia phuang khac Chinh vi vay, td'c tang trudng GDP ciia cac tinh, phd ndm hanh lang thudng cao hon so vdi miic tang trudng chung ciia nen kinh te' ca nudc Trong nhffng nam gan day, td'c tang trudng trung binh cua cac tinh, phd hanh lang ludn dat miic tren 10%, dac biet la td'c tang ciia khu vuc cdng nghiep ludn dat miic cao han so vdi mirc tang trung binh Quy md GDP ciia cac tinh, phd ndm cac HLKT hien ehie'm ty trgng tdi tren 95% tdng GDP toan qud'c, dd ndi bat len mdt sd tinh, phd cd GDP ldn nhu TP Hd Chf Minh, Ddng Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng, Da Nang Day cQng chfnh la nhu'ng cue phat trien quan trgng nhat ciia cac tuyen HLKT tren lanh thd nudc ta
Ben canh viec ddng gdp va su tang trudng chung vao kinh te cho cac dia phuang, cac HLKT cdn gdp phan tac ddng quan trgng viec hinh va phat trien cac dd thi; thiic day boat ddng xuat khau; tang cudng kha nang md rdng kinh doanh ddn khach va tang ngudn thu cho ngan sach
2 Giai phap
Hien cac HLKT da va dang quy hoach d nudc ta chua dugc quan tam mdt each diing miic, ve co ban mdi chi thuc hien dugc tren cac y tudng; ddng thdi xuat phat ttr thuc te cac HLKT can phai dugc to chitc hgp ly, neu khdng se gay hien tugng tdc hoac lang phf qua trinh van hanh va phat trien Do vay, viec nang cao hieu lire va hieu qua quan ly phat trien ciia Nha nudc de cac HLKT di vao thuc te va trd mdt lanh thd ddng lire ldi keo su phat tren diing theo each thiic "lay tuyen thiic day dien" la het siic can thie't Xua't phat ttr thuc te tren, xin de xuat mdt sd giai phap cu the nhu sau:
2.1 Xdy dung, ban hdnh cache chinh sdch chung cho hogt dgng cita tuye'n HLKT
Vdi muc tieu xay dung cac co che' chfnh sach dp dung cho cac HLKT phai thuc sir viing chdc, toan dien, ddng bd va hgp ly dd'i vdi cac va'n de mang tfnh phap ly ve khung dinh hudng, phan bd khdng gian, td chiic mang ludi ca sd tang kinh te, xa hdi va ky thuat cho su phat trien hieu qua, ben virng ciia cac HLKT Ddng thdi cac co che' chfnh sach phai tao cac yeu to ddn bay dii manh cho su phat trien de HLKT thuc su trd ddu tau ldi keo su phat trien ciia ca nudc; Co che' chfnh sach nhdm hudng tdi nhumg the che' cang day dii hom cho viec thuc hien muc tieu va nghTa vu lan tda phat trie'n ciia HLKT Can phai tap trung giai quye't cac cdng viec:
- Hoan thien ca che' chfnh sach lien quan de'n viec dam bao tfnh chat hgp ly va ddng bd ddi vdi cac HLKT Trong dd, Qud'c hdi can xay dung va sdm hinh Luat hoac phap lenh dd'i vdi cac vung lanh thd ddng luc dd cd HLKT, lam ca sd phap ly de quan ly va huy ddng tdi da cac ngudn luc cho phat trien HLKT Chfnh phii can the che' hda cac ndi dung lien quan den HLKT thdng qua viec ban hanh cac chfnh sach, phe duyet kip thdi cac van ban lien quan de'n hanh lang; lap td chuyen trach va cac td dieu phdi quan ly hoat ddng ciia cac HLKT, xac dinh rd quyen han ciia cac Bd, ban nganh cac cdp chfnh quyen dd'i vdi HLKT nham phat huy siic manh tdng hgp ciia hanh lang; Ra soat quy hoach cac tinh cd hanh lang di qua nham dieu chinh quy hoach phti hgp vdi tinh hinh td chiic lanh thd thdi ky mdi
- Ban hanh chinh sach dap iing vd'n tin dung cho cac doanh nghiep, nhat la cho nhumg doanh nghiep ddu tu vao cac nganh chu lire ciia cac hanh lang nhu: san xua't may tinh va linh kien, ca che tao cac linh kien, phu tting xe may phue vu cho ndi dia hda cac san pham; che' bie'n ndng san, dich vu thuang mai, du lich cung nhu dd'i vdi nhu'ng doanh nghiep san xuat hang xuat khdu va iing dung tien bd ky thuat cdng nghe tien tie'n vao san xuat kinh doanh Cu the hda cac chfnh sach ve da't dai, hd trg vd'n dao tao cdng nhan lanh nghe, da dang hda cac phdn kinh te xay dung ke't cau tang va kinh doanh cac khu
(3)Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua
cdng nghiep cung nhu cac khu du lich va cac khu dd thi mdi:
+ Cd mdt sd ca che dac thii tao dieu kien thuan lgi de' phat trie'n ke't ca'u tang ciia hanh lang
-f- Xay dung ca che' chfnh sach tao thuan lgi cho boat ddng thuang mai - du lich tren hanh lang
-t- Giai quyet cac va'n de kinh te' - xa hdi sinh hoat ddng ciia hanh lang nhu bao ve mdi trudng
-I- Cd ca che' cho phep doanh nghiep thue da't dugc giam 50% nhu quy dinh, nhung d nhu'ng noi khd khan, thie'u siic ha'p ddn dau tu cd the' khdng thu tien da't mdt thdi gian nha't dinh
+ Cai thien chfnh sach tien te va he thd'ng ngan hang
-I- Chfnh sach phat trien mat hang xuat nhap khau nham tao dugc nhiing san pham cd tinh chie'n lugc, cd khd'i lugng gia tri ldn, chat lugng cao phu hgp vdi uu the', tiem nang ndi trdi uu the' ve dia ly mang lai Tren co sd dd, xay dung chfnh sach mat hang xuat nhap khau dd'i vdi nhu'ng khu vuc, phu hgp vdi thi trudng nudc va cac nudc lang gieng khu vuc
+ Phdi hgp day manh qua trinh hdi nhap ciia Viet Nam vdi cac nudc khu vuc va tren the' gidi
2.2 Xdy dimg cdc dii dn quy hogch phdt trien
- Dd'i vdi viec xay dung cac du an quy hoach phat trie'n tren cac HLKT, cac Bd, ban, nganh cdn the hien rd quan didm uu tien va phuang an phat trien cho cac nganh, cac ITnh vuc mui nhgn, cac khau dot pha tao bd mat phat trie'n rieng cho ttrng hanh lang hudng tdi muc tieu tao sue bat hieu qua va chat lugng tang trudng kinh te'
- Quy hoach va phat trien cac nganh kinh te mui nhgn tren hanh lang phai gdn lien vdi nhu cau thi trudng va ngudn luc ciia vting phu can; thiic day chuye'n dich ca cau kinh te' va hgi nhap kinh te qud'c te, nang cao ti suat ddi mdi cdng nghe, ddng thdi tang hieu qua sir
dung vd'n va quy md ddu tu vao cac nganh co sir dung cdng nghe cao phan bd doc tuyen hanh lang
- Hoan thien cac quy hoach tdng the ve phat trien ca sd tang, cac dd thi hat nhan, cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xua't tao dung cac cue tang trudng va cac mach ddn ldi keo su tang trudng tren pham vi toan tuyen hanh lang
2.3 Xiic tie'n thuang mgi vd ddu tu
De hoat ddng thuong mai tren cac hanh lang ludn cd su phat trie'n dn dinh vdi hieu qua kinh te' cao cac ca quan Nha nudc can thudng xuyen tie'p can va cting vdi doanh nghiep thao gd khd khan, tang cudng hd trg cung cap thdng tin, nghien ciiu tim kiem thi trudng, xay dung thuang hieu, huan luyen nang cao nghiep vu quan ly kinh doanh .cho cac doanh nghiep, co sd san xua't kinh doanh tren tuyen hanh lang
Tap trung nghien ciiu thi trudng va tim kie'm khach hang Tren hanh lang can td chuc phdi hgp giira cac dia phuang tham gia cac ky Hdi chg tren tuyen
De thu hiit vd'n dau tu va sir dung cd hieu qua tren cac tuyen hanh lang, cac ca quan cd chire nang can tap trung vao cac bien phap cu the:
- Cd cac chfnh sach khuyen khfch, thu hiit va ddng vien mgi ngudn vd'n bdng nhung bien phap thfch hgp nhdm huy ddng cac ngudn vd'n dd vao xay dung ke't ca'u tang thuang mai vdi muc dfch md rgng luu thdng hang hda tren HLKT
- Phat trien ngudn vd'n ddu tu cho tdng ttr viec md rdng hinh thirc dau tu gian tie'p nham thu hut ddu tu ngudn vd'n cua cac doanh nghiep va thuang nhan nudc ngoai, cac td chirc qud'c te, sir dung co che' khuyen khfch, tao dieu kien de' qua trinh chuyen dich vd'n, ke ca vd'n ngdn ban va dai han vao dau tu mdt each thuan lgi
- Dd'i vdi cdng trinh thuang mai nhu trung tam thuang mai, kho ngoai quan, cac cum thuang mai, sieu thi, chg, cang bien theo ttrng hang muc cdng trinh Nha nudc cd
(4)Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua the dau tu toan bd hoac mdt phan va phdn cdn
lai cd the cho vay vdi lai sua't uu dai Cac chg bien gidi, mdt sd cdng trinh thuang mai tai cac trung tam cum xa, Nha nudc can ddu tu bdng ngudn vd'n ngan sach Truiig uang de viia hd trg cho cac dia phuang, vira tao dung the hien van minh thuong mai tai cac cira khau bien gidi
- Nhdm thu hiit ngudn vd'n ttr cac doanh nghiep va nhan dan, Nha nudc cd chinh sach khuyen khfch ddu tu vdi phuang cham Nha nudc va nhan dan cting lam De thuc hien td't chinh sach can cd co che' linh boat, che uu dai thoa dang dd'i vdi nhiing dom vi ca nhan bd vd'n ddu tu, tao dieu kien de hg yen tam dau tu lau dai
- Tang cudng cdng tac quan ly nha nudc, trudc he't dd'i vdi cdng tac quy hoach va ke hoach phat trien kinh te' qud'c dan
2.4 Tdng cudng hcfp tdc lien tinh, lien vUng vd qud'c te
- Dd'i vdi hgp tac lien tinh, lien vung
Cd ke' hoach phdi hgp vdi cac tinh tren hanh lang va cac tinh lan can de thuc hien theo quy hoach Hgp tac lien tinh tren cac hanh lang kinh te' phai ban sat cac quy hoach tdng the' va tap trung khai thae cac the' manh theo cac hudng:
-I- Phat trie'n cdng nghiep, du lich, xay dung khu dd thi mdi va cac cdng trinh the thao, vui choi giai tri cd thudng
-I- Dao tao ngudn nhan lire cha't lugng cao, cd ky nang nghe nghiep dap iing yeu cdu phat trie'n va hgp tac
+ Ddy manh xiic tien dau tu va tham gia trien lam, hdi chg va quang cao cung nhu phat trie'n cdng nghe cao
- Tang cudng hgp tac qud'c te'
Trudc he't, tie'p tuc tang cudng xiic tie'n ddu tu nudc ngoai, dac biet dd'i vdi cac du an ldn va quan trgng theo phucmg cham tranh thii va thu hiit nhiing nha dau tu cd cdng nghe cao va suat dau tu ldn tren mdi dat cdng nghiep Khuyen khich cac nha ddu tu nudc ngoai phat trie'n co sd dao tao nghe chat lugng cao phue vu phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep./
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bd Ngoai Giao (Viet Nam): "Hop tac tren hanh lang Ddng-Tay"; Nxb Khoa hpe xa hdi; Ha Ndi, nam 2001
2 Quyet dinh sd 98/2008/QD-Trg cua Thu tudng chinh phu ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien Hanh lang kinh te Lang Scm - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh den nam 2020; Ha Ndi, 11 thang nam 2008
3 Vu Dinh Hda: "Hanh lang kinh te' tU ly luan den thirc tiln d Viet Nam"; Tap chi khoa hpe Dai hpe su pham HN, 1/2009
4 Ngd Doan Vinh: "Ban vl phat triln kinh t€' (Nghien ciiu dudng din tdi giau sang), Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gia; Ha Ndi, 2005
5 Ngd Doan Vinh: "Nghien ciiu chien lupc va quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi d Viet Nam -Hpe hdi va sang tao"; Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gia; Ha Ndi, 2003