Ebook Những nội dung cơ bản của Luật sở hữu trí tuệ: Phần 2

• Copyright ■ related rights are the rig h ts of organiza- tions, ìndiviUuals to performances, phonograms, broad- castin g program s, and satellite signals carrying en[r]

IN T R O D U C T IO N

To dissem inate the m ain contents o f enacted im portant codes an d ỉauis, such as the Civil Code, the Law on Investment, the Laiv on Inteỉlectual Property a n d the L a w on E nterprise to the business com m unity, Vietnam ese a n d foreign read' ers, the J u d ìc ia l P ub lishing House, in coordination w ith the International L aw D epartm ent, the M in istry o fJ u stic e, p u b ỉish es some books in both Vietnam ese a n d E n g lish to

introduce the code a n d law s sa id above.

It is our hope that the publicatìons o f the Judicial Publish-ing House iviỉl be useful for those dom estic a n d (oreign in d ivid u a ỉs a n d o rg a n ũ a tio n s w ko are interested in learn-ing about the Vietnamese laivs Vỉe also hope th a t these books w ill contribute to en su rin g transparency o f the Vietnam ese legal system ■ one o f the requirem ents fo r th is country to become a m em ber o f the World Trade O rganixation CWTO). We, therefore, have the honor to introduce th is book to readers!

A p r iỉ 2007

4

' V

I ị 1

P a r t o n e

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

I STR U C TU RE F THE LAW ON IN TELLE C TU A L PR O PER TY

The Law on Intellectual Property w as p assed by th e XI L egislature of th e N ational Assembly a t its 8th Session on 29 November 2006: an d comes into effect on 01 Ju ly 2006 T he Law comprises ổ Parts, 18 Chapters a n d 222 Articles a s follows:

P a r t o n e: G e n e r a l p ro v isio n s, comprising 12 Articles (Articles ■ 12)

P a r t tw<K C o p y rig h ts a n d c o p y rig h ts - r e la te d right, com prising of C hapters (Chapters I - VI) an d 45 Articles (Articles 13 • 57)

C h a p te r I ■ C o n d itio n s fo r p r o te c tio n o f c o p y r ig h ts a n d C o p y rig h t • r e l a t e d r ig h ts , comprising of ỗ Articỉes (Articles 13 - 17)

C h a p te r / / - C o n te n ts , lim ita tio n s a n d tỉm e lim its fo r p r o te c tio n o f c o p y r ig h ts a n d C o p y rig h t - r e la te d r ig h ts , comprising 18 Articles (Articles 18 - 35)

C h a p te r I V ■ T r a n s f e r o f c o p y r ig h ts a n d c o p v rig h t- r e l a t e d r ig h ts , comprising Articles (Articles -15 ■ t8)

C h a p te r V - R c g is tr a tio n c e r t ì f i c a t e s o f c o p v r ig h ts a n d c o p y r ig h t- r e la t e d r i g h t s , com prising Articles

(Articles 49 ■ 55)

C h a p ter VI • R e p re se n ta tiv e , c o n s u lta n c y a n d Service

o r g a n i z a t i o n s in th o Helds o f c o p y r i g h t s a n d Copyright -

r e l a t e d rig h ts, comprising Articles (Articles Õ6 ■ 57)

P a r t th r e e : I n d u s tr ia l p r o p e r t y r ig h t, com prising C hapters (Chapters Vll ■ XI) and 99 Ai'ticles (Articles 58 ■ 156)

C h a p te r V II - C o n đ itio n s for p r o te c tio n o f in d u s tria l p r o p e r t y r ig h ts , comprising 28 Articles (Ariícles 58 - 85)

C h a p te r V III • E s ta b lis h m e n t o f i n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r ty r i g h t s to in v e n tio n s, in d u s t r i a l d e s ig n s , la y o u t d esig n s, m a r k s a n d g eog rap h ical in d ic atio n Comprising 35 Articles (Articles 86 - 120)

C h a p te r IX - Ovvners, c o n t e n t s a n d lim ita tio n s o f ỉ n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y r i g h t s , co m p risin g 17 A rticles (Articles 121 - 137)

C h a p te r X - T r a n s f e r o f i n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y rig h ts com prising 13 Articles (Articles 138 • 150)

C h a p te r X I - I n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , com prising Arlicles (Atticles 151 • 156)

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

P a r t í o i u ^ R ig h ts to p la n t v a r ie t ie s , com prising C hap ters (C h apters XII-XV) and 41 Articles (Articles 157 •

197)

C h a p te r X I I - C o n d itio n s fo r p r o t e c t io n o f r i g h t s to p l a n t v a r ie tie s , com prising Articles (Articles 157 • 163)

C h a p te r X I I I - E s ta b lis h m e n t o f r ig h ts to p la n t v a ri- e tie s , com prising 21 Articles (Articles 164 • 184)

C h a p te r X J V ■ C o n te n ts a n d lim ita tỉo n s o f r i g h t s to p l a n t v a r ie t ie s , com prising Articles (Articles 184 - 191)

C h a p te r X V - T r a n s f e r o f r ì g h t s to p la n t v a r i e t i e s , com prising Articles (Articles 192 • 197)

P a r t five: P r o te c ti o n o f in te lle c tu a l p r o p e r ty r ig h ts , comprising Chapters (Chapters XVI - XVIII) and 22 Articles (Articles 198 - 219)

C h a p te r X V I • G e n e r a l p r o v is io n s o n p r o t e c t i o n o f i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y r i g h t s , co m p risin g A rtic le s (Articles 198 - 201)

C h a p te r X V I Ỉ • H a n d lin g o f v io ỉa tio n s o f in te lle c tu * a l p r o p e r t y r ỉg h ts b y civil m e a s u r e s , com prising Articles (Articles 202 - 210)

C h a p ter X V III • H a n d lín g o f v io la tio n s o f in te lle c tu - al p r o p e r t y r ig h ts b y a d m i n ì s t r a t i v e a n d c r í m i n a l m e a s u r e s ; c o n tro ) o f im p o r t a n d e x p o r t g o o d s r e l a t i n g

to in te ỉle c tu a l p r o p e r t y , com prising A rticles (Articles 211 - 219)

P a r t s ỉ x : I m p le m e n ta tio n p ro v is io n s , comprising Articles (Articles 220 • 222)

II KEYISSU ES IN THE LAW ON IN TELLEC TU AL PRO PERTY General issu e s on intellectual property rights

1.1 Intellectual property and protectíon o f intelỉectual property

ríghts

Intellectual property can be understood as achievements resu lting from Creative activities of h u m a n beings in the process of vvorking, m an u íactu rin g an d conducting busi- ness Intellectual property is created by h u m a n intellect This property is invisible b u t very valuable because it is able to create spiritual and m aterial values, an d bring about competitive advantages to its owners, possessors or users

Intellectual property rights are recognized and protected by law Intellectual property rig h ts are the rig h ts of organ- izations, indìviduals to their intellectual property, including copyrights and C o p y r i g h t • related rights, inđustrial pr0Ị>erty

righ ts an d rig h ts to p la n t varieties

Protection of intellectual property rig h ts m eans th a t the law provides for and ensures conditions for rig h t holders to carry out th eir rights, an d a t th e sam e tim e prevents

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

and handles anv act using such rights by a third party without perm ission from th e right holders, The effective protection of íntellectual propertv rights shall encourage Creative activities an d enhance living standards

1.2 Objects o f intellectual property rights and bases o f appearance a n d establishm ent o f intellectual property rights

Objects of intellectual property rights are works creat- ed in th e course of working, producing and conducting business of h u m a n beings According to Article of the Law on Intellectual Property, objects of intellectual prop-

e r t y r i g h ts in c lu d e co p y rig h ts Copyright - r e l a t e d rig h ts;

and in d u stria l property rights; rights to p lan t varieties These are as follows:

• C opyrights are the righ ts of organizations, individuals to works createđ or owned by them Objects of copyrights are literary, artistic an d scientific works;

• Copyright ■ related rights are the rig h ts of organiza- tions, ìndiviUuals to performances, phonograms, broad- castin g program s, and satellite signals carrying encrypted

p ro g ram O bjects of Copyright - re la te d rig h ts a re perform-

ances, phonogram s, broadcasting program s, and satellite signals carrying encrypted program;

■ ỉndustrial property rights are the rights of organizations, individuals to inventions; inđustrial designs; layout-desígns

of semi-conductor in te g te d circuits: a n d so on Objects of in d u strial rig h ts incỉude in v en tio n s; in d u s tria ỉ designs; layout-designs of sem i-conductor in te g te d circuits; busi- ness secrets; tradem ark s: tr a d e n a m e s, a n d geographical indications;

• R ig h ts to p la n t varieties a r e th e r ig h ts of organiza- tions, individuals to the new p la n t v a rie tie s which a re cre- a ted or discovered and developed by a n d fall u n d e r the ow nership right of such o rg a n iz a tio n s o r individuals Objects of rig h ts to p la n t v a rie tie s include p la n t varieties a n d m aterials for breeding varieties

Intellectual property is invísible property: therefore, the identification of tim e of a n d b ases for ap p e aran ce and estab lish m en ts of in te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty rig h ts is very im p o rta n t According to A rtic le of th e Law on Intellectual Property, b ases for a p p e a n c e an d establish- m en t of intellectual p roperty rig h ts a re as follows:

• Copyrights shall arise a t th e m o m en t w hen a work is created an d expressed in a c e rta in m a te ria l form regard- less of its content, quality, form , m ean lang;uage, w h eth e r or not it has been published o r registered;

• Copyright-related rigkts shall arise a t th e m oment when a perĩormance, a phonogram , a b ro a đ c a st p ro g ram an d a satellite signal carrying en c ry p te d program is fixed with- out prejudice to copyrights;

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

■ In te lle c tu a l property rig h ts sh a ll be establish ed as follows:

+ In d u s tria l p roperty rig h ts in inventions, in đ u strial designs, layout-designs, m arks, geographical indications shall be e stab lish ed on the basis of th e com petent State a u th o rity ’s decision on th e g n t of Protection Title;

+ In d u s tria l p ro p erty rig h ts to tra d e nam es shall be estab lish ed on th e basis of lawful use of the trad e names;

+ I n d u s tria l p roperty rig h ts in b usiness secrets shall be estab lish ed on th e b asis of legal acqu irem en t an d secret keeping of th e b u sin ess secrets;

+ R ig h t to repression of un fair com petition shall be estab lish ed on th e b asis of com petition iti~business

• R ig h ts to new p la n t varieties shall be established on th e b asis of th e com petent State a u th o rity ’s decision on the g r a n t of P la n t V ariety Protection Title

t.3 Prínciples for protection o f intetlectual property rights The Lãw on In tellectu al P ro p erty recognizes th e legal regim e for co-protection of intellectual property rights Accordingly, one object of intellectual property rig h ts may enjoy Copyright protection and enjoy oth er types of protection such as invention, u tility solution or in d u stria l desig:ns protection

1.4 State administration o f intellectual property rights

M inistry of Science and Technology shall carry out S tate adm in istration of in d u stria l property rights and copyrights w ith regard to vvorks which a re not literary and artistic ones: the M in istry of C u ltu re and Information shall carry out S tate ad m in istratio n of copyrights w ith regard to literarv and artistic vvorks; the M inistry of Agriculture and R ural D evelopm ent shall carry out S tate ad m in istratio n of righ ts to p la n t varieties

2 C opyrights and copyrighỉs-related rights

2.1 Copyrights

- A utho rs are persons who create works W ith reg ard to works created by more th a n one person, all such persons are co-authors of the works

- Works-obJects o f copyrights protection- are works cre-

ated in literary, artistic and scientific Tields in an y form or by any mean The classification of works may base on th eir content forms or tim e of publication

■ Conditions for protectỉon o f copyrights: The Law on Intellectual Property provides for conditions for protection of copyrights as follows:

+ O rganization an d individual having protected copy-Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

Part one Introductíon to the Law on Intellectual Property

rig h ts m u st be persons who have directly created the work or m u st be copyrights owners:

+ Works m u st be in protected literary, artistic an d sci- entiĩic fields

• Content o f Copyright protection: Copyrights are divid* ed into personal rights and property rights

+ Personal rights are rig h ts attached to each person a n d cannot be íransfered to others, u n less the law other-

wise provides for Personal rig h ts are iđentified a t the time a work is createđ and a t the sam e tim e, property rights are established In fact, personal rights a r e conditions for estab lishm en t of property rights P ersonal rig h ts include transferable personal rights an d non-transferabIe rights

+ Property rights are rights to enjoy m aterial benefits Luhen a work is used in form s o ĩ perform ance, exhibition,

broadcasting or telecasting P roperty rig h ts shall arise a t th e tim e a u th o rs publish th e ir works or allow o th ers to use th e ir works

• L im ita tio n s o f Copyright protection: th e Law on Intellectual Property provides for lim itations of Copyright protection in certain cases in order to ensure public interests (Clause Article 25 of the Law on Intellectual Property)

+ Cinem atographic works, photographic works, dra- matic works, applied a r t works, anonym ous w orks shall have the term of protection of 50 years from th e ir first pub- lications;

+ O th er works of any o th e r type not m entioned above shall have the term of protection being d u ring th e life of the au th o r an d for 50 years from the year of h is or her death; in respect of works created by co-authors, th e term of protection shall end a t th e 50th y ear after th e y ear of death of th e la st surviving co-author

Term s of protection of works above shall en d a t 24 o’clock of th e date of 31 December of th e year w hen th e pro- tection term ends

2.2 Copyright-related rights

■ Protection conditions o f copyright-reỉated rights:

Copyright - related rig h ts a r e the rig h ts of organizations, indiviđuals tồ perform ances, phonograms, broađcasting program s, satellite signals carry in g encrypteđ program provideđ for in detail in Article 16 an d Article 17 of the Law on Intellectual Property

• Protection content a n d tim e ỉim its o f copyright-reỉated rights: C ontents and tim e lím its for protection of copy- right-related rig h ts a re different, đepending on subjects an d objects of such copyright-related rig h ts an d provided

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

for in detail in Article 29, Article 30 and Article 31 of the Law on Intellectual Property

• Protection lim ita tio n s o f copyright-reỉated rights:

Sim ilar to th e purposes of protection lim itations of copy- rig h ts, the protection lim ita tio n s of copyright-related rig h ts aim a t serving the in te re sts of the public an d socie- ty The Law on Intellectual P ro p erty provides in detail for cases w here th e use of copyright-related rig hts shall not req u ire obtaining perm ission an d paying royaỉties and rem u n eratio n (Article 32)

2.3 Transter o f copyríghts and copyríght-retated ríghts

• Form s o f transfer o f copyrights a n d copyright-related rights: the tra n sfe r of copyrights an d copyright-related rig h ts m ay be carried o u t in th e forms of assign m en t or licensing of co p yrig h ts a n d c o p y rig h t-re la te d rights A ssignm ent of copyrights, related rig h ts is the assignm ent of ow ner righ ts stip u lated in A rticles 19.3, 20, 29.3, 30 and 31 of the Law on Intellectual P rop erty by copyrights and related rightp owners to o th e r organizations, individuals u n d er a contract or u n d er relev a n t legislation

• R ig h ts th a t are eligibỉe fo r assign m ent o f copyrights a n d copyright-related rights: T he tra n s íe r of copyrights an d copyright-related rig h ts (including both assignm ent an d licensing of such ríghts) shall only apply to rights o f

copyrights OLuners, rights o f perform ers, rights o f sound a n d video recording producers, rig h ts o f broadcasting organU ations.

2.4 Regisưation certiíicate o f copyrights and Copyright- related rights

The reg istratio n of copyrights, re la te d rig h ts m e an s an a u th o r or a copyrights, reỉated rig h ts oivner fĩles an appli-cation a n d attached docum ents w ith the com petent State a u th orities to a ttest the inform ation o f a u th o r, work copy* rig h ts a n d related rights ovvner

Application for registration of copyrights a n d copy- rig h t-relate d rig h ts an d com petence in g r a n tin g C opyright R egistration Certificates a n d R elated R ig h ts R egistration C ertiĩicates are provided for in A rticle 50 a n d A rticle 51 of th e Law on In tellectual Property

C opyright R egistration Certificates a n d R elated Rights R eg istratio n Certiricates shall be effective in th e whole ter- rito ry of V ietnam an d recorded in th e N atio n al R egister of Copyrights, Related rights

3 Industrial property rights

In addition to copyrights, rig h ts to p la n t varieties, in d u s tria l p roperty rights a re also one type of in tellectual p ro p erty rights In d u s tria l property rig h ts a r e th e rig h ts of

Key issues in the Law on intellectual Property

o rg a n iz a tio n s , in d iv id u a ls to in v e n tio n s; in d u s tr ia l designs; layout-designs of semi-conductor in te g te d cir- cuits; tra d e m a rk s; tra d e nam es, geographical índications

b u s i n e s s s e c r e t s c r e a t e d o r o w n e d b y t h e m a n d r i g h t s to

repression of u n fair com petition {Clause A rticỉe o f the Lau/ on ỉn tellectu a l Property).

3.1 Objects o f industrial property rights that are protected and protection requirements for such objects

■ Invention:

An invention shall be eligible for protection by granti- ng of a n Invention P a te n t if it m eets th ree conđitions, namely; to be novel, to involve an inventive step, a n d to be susceptible of in d u stria l application Such conditions are provided for in detail in Articles 58, 60, 61 an d 62 of th e Law on Intellectu al Property

• ỉn d u s tr ia l designs:

In d u stria l design is appearance o f a product expressed in sh ap es, lines, dim ensions, colors or an y com bination thereoí A ppearance of a product t h a t is d ictated by tech- nical íe a tu re s of th e product shall not be protected as in d u stria l đesigns P u rs u a n t to A rticle 63, a n in d u stria l design shall be e li^ b le for protection i f it m eets three con-d itio n s, nam ely: to be new, to be Creative, an d to be suscep- tible of in d u s tria l appỉication

• M arks

A m ark is a sign used to d istin g u ỉsh goods or services o f d ỉffere n t o rg an itatỉons a n d in d iv id u a ls A m a rk shall be eligible for protection if it m eets conditions provided for in A rticle 72 of th e Law on Intellectu al P ro p erty Accordingly, a m a rk is a visible sign in th e form of le tte rs, vvords, pic- tu r e s , Tigures, including th ree-d im en sio n al íìg u res or a com bination thereoí rep resen ted in One o r m ore colors; a n d is capable of distinguishing goods or services of th e m a rk owner from those of others A m a rk n o t only shows th e n a m e of a product or S e r v i c e b u t also show s its origin

A m a r k is very useíul in giving c o n s u m e rs inform ation of goods’ origin Not like o th e r subject m a tte r s of intellectual p ro p e rty such a s inventions, or in d u s tria l designs, m arks a re n o t created by intellectual Creative activities M arks a re available symbols used by b u sin e ssm e n to m a rk th e ir goods o r services

- Trade na me

T d e nam e is a designation o f a n org an ixatio n or indi-vid u a l used in biísiness to d istin g u is k th e b u sin e ss entity bearing such designation fro m other b usiness en tities acting in th e sam e ĩieỉd or a re a of business T d e n a m e is used to m an ifest b u sin ess en tities, not goods or services provid- e d by such business en tities A tra d e n a m e s h a ll b e elìgible

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property