Thành ngữ sử dụng trong sách giáo trình market leader

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER THE IDIOMS INTRODUCED IN THE MARKET LEADER COURSE BOOKS Superior : Nguyen Thi Mai Huu, MA Student : Nguyen Huong Thao Group : QH 2009 HA NOI – 2013 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP THÀNH NGỮ SỬ DỤNG TRONG SÁCH GIÁO TRÌNH MARKET LEADER Giáo viên hướng dẫn : Nguyễn Thị Mai Hữu, MA Sinh viên : Nguyễn Hương Thảo Khóa : QH 2009 HÀ NỘI – 2013 ACCEPTANCE I hereby state that I (Nguyen Huong Thao, Group 09.E21), being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor‟s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Nguyen Huong Thao Hanoi, May 25 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper would not have been completed without the support of many people, to all of whom I am profoundly indebted First of all, I would like to express my great gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Mai Huu (MA) for her valuable comments, constant support and encouragement Without her brilliant lead and wholehearted dedication, there would not be the day that my study accomplished Furthermore, I sincerely appreciate the instructions and advices of teachers who are teaching double major students in University of Language and International Studies - Vietnam National University My sincere thanks also go to my friends – the double major students – for their finishing the questionnaires and providing helpful advices Moreover, I would like to thank my family, especially my mother, for their constant supports, which have significantly motivated me during the research process i ABSTRACT Idiom is an important part of communication However, sometimes idioms cause trouble because the native speakers of English not self-recognize that the expressions - the idioms - they are using are special and unfamiliar to the nonnative speakers For this reason, it is extremely important for students to learn to hear, and understand the idioms in natural contexts, specially the business contexts Market Leader series are a useful source of idioms for students In order to raise the understanding of idioms and to build up the habit of using idioms, the research study the idioms in business uses in the Market Leader books (Intermediate and Upper Intermediate) written by David Cotton, David Falvey, Simon Ken and published by Pearson Longman in 2006 In the research, the types of idioms commonly used in the business contexts, and in which business contexts idioms are used the most are investigated The research also looks at how the double major students at the Faculty of English Language Teacher Education are learning idioms in the Market Leader course books by using a survey questionnaire Carried out in the form of a case study of idioms in use and incorporated with a survey questionnaire, the research concludes that all the types of idioms are used in the business contexts and idioms are used at higher density in business conversations than in economics and business text formats (news and articles) Another important finding is t hat the double major students at the Faculty of English Teacher Education are quite aware of the importance of idioms in business uses and they are applying different techniques in learning idioms ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………….i ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….ii LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES………………………………………………….iii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………… 1.1 Statement of the problem and rationale for the study…………………………1 1.2 Objectives of the study……………………………………………………… 1.3 Significance of the study………………………………………………………3 1.4 Scope of the study………… …………………………………………………3 1.5 Organization of the study…………………………………………………… CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………… 2.1 Definitions of idioms………………………………………………………….5 2.2 Characteristics of idioms…………………………………………………… 2.2.1 Semantic characteristics…………………………………………………… 2.2.2 Structural characteristics…………………………………………………….6 2.3 Types of idioms……………………………………………………………… 2.4 Functions of idioms………………………………………………………… 2.4.1 Idioms function as pragmatic and referential……………………………….8 iii 2.4.2 Idioms facilitate communication……………………………………………9 2.4.3 Idioms convey speaker‟s commitment and evaluation…………………….10 2.4.4 Idioms support communication organization and textual coherence………11 2.5 Idioms in use…………………………………………………………………14 2.5.1 The use of idioms in American English and British English………………14 2.5.2 Stylistic and cultural value of idiomatic expression……………………….15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY……………………………………………… 16 3.1 Research method…………………………………………………………… 16 3.2 Research setting…………………………………………………………… 16 3.3 Data collection process………………………………………………………17 3.4 Data analysis…………………………………………………………………17 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………… 19 4.1 The types of idioms exploited in the Market Leader course books……….19 4.2 The contexts where the idioms are presented…………………………… 21 4.3 Actual situation of learning idioms of the senior double students at the Faculty of English Language Teacher Education - ULIS – VNU……………… 26 4.3.1 General understanding about learners‟ autonomy and business idioms learning………………………………………………………………………… 26 4.3.2 Characteristics of the students as autonomous learners………………… 32 iv 4.3.3 The facilitation of the teachers in fostering learners‟ auto nomy in business idioms learning………………………………………………………………… 33 4.3.4 Techniques utilized by students to self-study business idioms……………35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS………………………….38 5.1 Major finding of the research…………………………………………… 38 5.2 Pedagogical implications………………………………………………….39 5.3 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research…………….39 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… 41 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………43 APPENDIX A: THE BUSINESS IDIOMS USED IN THE MARKET LEADER BOOK (INTERMEDIATE) APPENDIX B: THE BUSINESS IDIOMS USED IN THE MARKET LEADER BOOK (UPPER INTERMEDIATE) APPENDIX C: STUDENTS‟ SURVEY QUESTIONAIZE (ENGLISH VERSION) APPENDIX D: ROAD RAGERS IN THE SKY v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Name Distribution of the three types of idioms in the studied course books The number of types of contexts that the business idioms appear The distribution of idioms in the contexts Page 20 Opinions of double major students in ULIS, VNU about teaching and learning idioms in the business contexts The main goals the students set up when learning idioms in use in the business contexts Students‟ opinion about the job of the teacher in helping his/her students learn idioms Students‟ opinions about the idioms considered worth learning Students‟ opinions about the idioms in the Market Leader course books Students‟ main problem in learning idioms 27 23 24 28 29 30 30 31 in the Market Leader course books 10 Activities teachers normally in the class 34 to help students learn idioms 11 12 13 Students‟ opinions about rich idioms learning materials Activities students when learning idioms The ways to help students remember idioms vi 35 36 37 LIST OF TABLES Table Name Characteristics of the students as autonomous learners Facilitation of the teachers in fostering learners‟ autonomy in business idioms learning vii Page 32 33 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 To wait until you know Keep an all the facts before open mind having an opinion or making a judgment To blame someone or to make them responsible Pass the for a problem that you buck should deal with yourself Get to the To get an understanding bottom of of the causes of something something The last straw is the final problem that makes someone lose It was the their temper or the last straw problem that finally brought about the collapse of something [for something that was Slipped to be remembered] to be my mind forgotten To steal [something] Ripped off from someone; to cheat someone Cut back To reduce the use, on amount, or cost of something something Look To look directly at somebody someone without fear or in the shame eye/eyes No No inquiries [to be] questions made to find out who asked did something On hand Dục tốc bất Semi đạt Discussion Gắp lửa bỏ Pure tay người Semi Giọt nước làm tràn ly Language learning Language learning Pure Language learning Pure Language learning Semi Language learning Literal Article Literal Discussion Pure Article Immediately available Pure To more than is Go too far 39 acceptable 40 Take to To sue someone; to Semi Literal 56 Article Article Language court Let me get back to you (on 41 that) Sell like 42 hotcakes At all 43 times force someone to appear in court learning I will report back later with my decision Semi Discussion [for something] to be sold very fast Constantly; continuously If you‟re staying on track, you‟re keeping in Staying on line with your goals or track you‟re keeping within the parameters of your 44 goals [of comments] Off the irrelevant and track 45 immaterial Bounce something off (of) To make something someone rebound off someone or or something something 46 Make up To become very certain someone that he/she want to 47 mind something Bring out To cause someone to the best in behave in the best 48 someone manner Run out of To lose momentum and 49 steam fail Grind to a To slow down and stop 50 halt In the area of a subject At the or activity where the cutting most recent changes and edge (+of) 51 developments are Semi Literal Discussion Discussion Semi Article Pure Article Literal Language learning Pure Discussion Semi Discussion Semi Semi Pure 57 Discussion Discussion Language learning happening Behind the Old-fashioned 52 times Something that does not A thing of exist or happen any the past 53 more Out of the Not allowed; not 54 question permitted Lasting or continuing Roundthroughout the entire 24 the-clock hours of the day; 55 continuous Ballpark 56 figure An estimate On the Quick to understand 57 ball Plain easy to or archieve 58 sailling Moving changing aims or the decisions 59 goalposts For a level a situation that gives no playing one an advantage 60 field On the Very angry 61 warpath Do battle Fight it out 62 with Fight a losing Make no progress 63 battle Half the The lest is easy 64 battle Fight a Have a series of running arguments 65 battle Stick to maintain your point of 66 your guns view Up in very angry and ready to fight 67 arms Semi Literal Pure Ngày qua khác Language learning Language learning ngày Semi Pure Pure Dễ ăn Pure cháo Discussion Language learning Language learning Language learning Pure Language learning Pure Language learning Language learning Language learning Pure Literal Dậm chân Pure chỗ Pure Pure Pure Pure 58 Language learning Language learning Language learning Language learning Language learning Language learning 68 69 70 71 72 Hedge somebody' s bets The odds are stacked against somebody Makes no odds Over the odds Reduce somebody's chances of failure There are difficultiess many Pure Khó khăn chồng chất Pure núi Make no difference Pure Pure More than its' s worth Come up Produced good, trumps unexpected results Play your 73 cards right Boss someone 74 around Fire away 75 Have time one's 76 hands Pure Do the right thing Semi To give orders to someone; to keep telling someone what to If you want to ask someone a question and they tell you to fire away, they mean that you are free to ask what you want Semi It's early 78 days Language learning Language learning Language learning Language learning Language learning Conversati on Pure Conversati on on To have extra time; to have time to spare Bear something 77 in mind Language learning Semi To remember a piece of information when you are making decisions or thinking about a matter Something that you say which means that it is too soon to make a judgement about something Semi Conversati on Conversati on Pure Conversati on 59 By all 79 means Seize the opportunit 80 y Make a deal with 81 someone Have one's finger in too many 82 pies Strike a 83 deal A great deal (of something 84 ) Fit someone or something in(to) 85 something Give somebody 86 a hand 87 Hold on 88 Come out Rule out 89 something Certainly; yes; absolutely To take advantage of an opportunity when offered Pure Tận dụng thời To strike a bargain with someone To be involved in too many things; to have too many tasks going to be able to any of them well To reach an agreement on a price or negotiation (for something) Conversati on Literal Conversati on Literal Conversati on Semi Conversati on Semi Conversati on Pure A large amount of something Discussion Semi To manage to place someone or something into something To help someone something, especially something that involves physical effort (often + with ) Conversati on Semi Pure To be patient To come before the public; [for a book] to be published; [for a report] to be made public To stop considering something as a Conversati on Conversati on Pure Semi 60 Conversati on Conversati on possibility 90 Go along Come on to 91 somebody 92 Sign off Have a lot on one's 93 mind Out of the 94 way Get a word in 95 edgeways 96 97 98 99 100 At this stage Blow someone or something over All talk and no action Win someone or something back In good faith 101 Snap up To continue; to progress To try to attract someone romantically or sexually To officially agree to or support something To have many things to worry about; to be preoccupied Literal Conversati on Pure Discussion Pure Semi Lo trăm mối Pure Completed If you can't get a word in edgeways, you not have an opportunity to say anything because someone is talking so much or so quickly At the current point in some event or situation; currently Discussion Conversati on Conversati on Pure Conversati on Literal To move strongly and upset someone or something Pure a person who talks a lot but does very little Literal To regain someone or something from someone or something With good and honest intent; with sincerity To purchase something quickly, because the price is low or because Semi Conversati on Conversati on Literal Semi 61 Conversati on Conversati on Conversati on Conversati on 102 103 104 105 Heaven knows Count on someone or something Up and running Talk back (to somebody ) 106 In turn 107 On board Tie someone or something 108 up Draw somebody /somethin 109 g out Ripe for 110 something 111 Kind of 112 Come to End up with 113 someone the item is so hard to find Used when someone does not feel recognized or appreciated Pure Pure To rely on someone or something Pure Actively working Semi To answer rudely Semi One after the other Trên If someone is on board, chiến tuyến/ they are working with Ngồi chung an organization or group of people thuyền To keep someone or something busy or occupied Conversati on Conversati on Conversati on Conversati on Discussion Pure Discussion Pure Discussion To persuade someone to express their thoughts and feelings Ready for something to Thời chín happen muồi Semi Discussion Semi Pure To some degree, sort of To become conscious; to wake up To finish with the possession of someone or something or in the Pure Pure 62 Discussion Conversati on Conversati on Conversati on or something Go through 114 something Place an 115 order Have a word (with somebody 116 ) company of someone or something To use up all of something rapidly Pure Semi To submit an order To speak with someone privately to tell them something Conversati on Conversati on Semi Conversati on 63 APPENDIX C Survey Questionnaire (English version) My name is Nguyen Huong Thao, an undergraduate student at Faculty of English Language Teacher Education - University of Languages and International Studies Vietnam National University Hanoi I am conducting my graduation paper on “An investigation into the idioms introduced in the market leader course books” This survey questionnaire aims to investigate your views concerning this issue Please give your answers truthfully for a guaranteed success of the research All information you provide will be confidential and used solely for research purposes Part 1: What you think of teaching and learning idioms in the business contexts for double major students in ULIS, VNU? There are too many idioms in the Market Leader course books What you think are the main goals you should set up when learning idioms in use in business contexts? s 64 (Please specify…………………………………………………………………) In your opinion, what is the job of the teacher in helping his/her students learn idioms? ruct students how to learn them o decide how to learn them Teacher and learners should discuss how to learn them In your opinion, the job of the teacher in helping his/her students learn idioms is Do you recognize that idioms are used at high density in the business contexts? Do you recognize that you should improve your knowledge of idioms? In your opinion, what idioms would be considered worth learning? Idioms that their teachers tell me to learn repeatedly meet ………………………………………………………………………………… Do you think you can remember idioms easily? No 65 10 What you think about the idioms in the Market Leader course books? 11 What is your main problem in learning idioms in the Market Leader course books? modern facilities ………………………………………………………………………………… For each of the items below, please tick or circle the number that reflects your viewpoint on a five-point scale If you have any further explanation, please write at the end of the form Strongly disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Part 2: 12 Idioms learning activities not hold my attention 13 I like to work more with idioms 66 Strongly agree 14 I can decide which idioms are important and ask for more explanation than just a definition 15 I enjoy learning idioms activities very much 16 I feel competent with my knowledge about idioms 17 I am willing to work independently with self-study books for improving my knowledge of idioms 18 I set goals for myself when I learn idioms 19 I am aware that self-study is important in the success of learning idioms 20 I often use the university‟s resource centers such as libraries to enrich my knowledge of idioms Part 3: 21 The goals of idioms instructions are made clear to me at the beginning of each lesson 22 When I find an idiom that is difficult to understand and remember, the activities in the class help me figure it out by myself and so I can remember it 67 23 The teacher‟s instructions are important to me in building up my confidence in learning idioms 24 What your teachers normally in the class to help you learn idioms? (You can choose more than one answer.) nts can learn idioms ………………………………………………………………………………… Part 4: 25 What you think can be rich idioms learning materials? azines -materials 26 What you when learning idioms? themselves 68 Others (Please specify) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 27 In your opinion, which way(s) can help you remember idioms? teacher‟s lecture ……………………………………………………………………………………… Thank you a lot for your cooperation! APPENDIX D Road ragers in the sky Airlines and their long-suffering customers are reporting a steep climb in air-rage incidents Some incidents are apparently caused by problems which are familiar to many regular travelers One case reported from America stemmed from an interminable delay in takeoff, when passengers were cooped up in their aircraft on the tarmac for four hours, without food, drink or information Mass unrest is less common than individual misbehavior, as in the case of the convict who recently went crazy on a flight, attacked the crew and tried to open the door in mid-flight The psychology of air rage is a new area of study, and there are almost as many explanations as examples Most analysts of the phenomenon blame alcohol, but many people now think that the airlines are at fault To cut costs, they are cramming ever more passengers into their aircraft, while reducing cabi n crew, training and quality of service, all of which increase passenger frustration In 69 addition, there is increasing concern in the US about another cost-cutting exercise, which could seriously harm passengers' health: cabin ventilation Modern aircraft are equipped with sophisticated air conditioning devices - but running them at optimum capacity burns up valuable aviation fuel Many airlines routinely instruct their flight crews to run the systems on minimum settings Campaigners for improved air quality claim that this can lead to irritability and disorientation In the US, the soaring number of passenger complaints across a wide range of issues is reflected in a number of new Internet sites which criticize the airlines and demand better service One of the sites is demanding an air passengers' Bill of Rights Cabin and flight crews, who are in the front line of the battle against disruptive and dangerous in-flight behavior, have called for stiffer penalties against the offenders Management has also called for legislation - while denying that its costcutting practices have contributed to the problem But there are some signs, in the US at least, that the airlines are at last attempting to respond to customer dissatisfaction Some major lines have announced concessions to the most frequent complaint of all, and are removing seats to make more room for their customers 70 ...ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP THÀNH NGỮ SỬ DỤNG TRONG SÁCH GIÁO TRÌNH MARKET LEADER Giáo viên hướng dẫn : Nguyễn Thị Mai Hữu, MA... APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………43 APPENDIX A: THE BUSINESS IDIOMS USED IN THE MARKET LEADER BOOK (INTERMEDIATE) APPENDIX B: THE BUSINESS IDIOMS USED IN THE MARKET LEADER BOOK (UPPER INTERMEDIATE) APPENDIX C: STUDENTS‟... Students‟ opinions about the idioms in the Market Leader course books Students‟ main problem in learning idioms 27 23 24 28 29 30 30 31 in the Market Leader course books 10 Activities teachers