NGHIEN CCOJ THE LLfC CUA HOC SINH PHO THONG Trdn Thi Loan va Ctv Trudng DHSP- DHQG Ha Noi I Dit van de Viec hidu bidt cac chi sd sinh bgc va sy phit tridn eac ehi sd dd qua trinh phit tridn cua ngudi Viet Nam gdp phin giup eho viec hoach djnh chidn luge, xac djnh va lya chgn cac phuong phip, bien phip giao due dat hieu qua cao Trong he thdng giao due eic cip, tJr tidu bgc cho ddn sau dai hgc cua chiing ta cd nhidu mdn bgc vd co thd ngudi Tmdc diy chiing ta phai sir dung cac ehi sd sinh bgc eiia ngudi chiu Au hoac cua cic nude khic lim co sd cho cdng tie y td va giio due mac du hg khie chung ta vd chiing tdc, vd hoin canh hiu sinh thai, vd ehd dinh dudng va tit nhien la eic cbi sd sinh bgc cua hg cQng cd nhihig dac didm khie Vi vay, ndu dya vio dd thi se anh budng rit nhidu ddn viec xay dyng cic didu kifin giio due he thdng tmdng bgc, ddn viec nudi, day va dao tao bgc sinh, ddn viec hgc tip vi ren luyen cua cic em Nhan thdc duge nhu eiu thye tidn bire tbidt viec nghien eiiu cac ehi sd sinh bgc cua ngudi Viet Nam, eic tic gia, ehu ydu la eic nha y hgc, da ty phit nghien ciixi vd vin dd va ddn nam 1975, sau hai lin hdi nghi, eic kdt qua nghien eiJu ban 15 nam da duge trtnh bay quydn "Hing sd sinh hgc cua ngudi Viet Nam" Chiing ta da sir dung cic thdng sd cua tai Ueu niy dd dua vio cic bai giang, cac sich giio khoa, eic giio trtnh, tai heu day va hgc d tit ca cic cip hgc miy ehue nam qua Tuy nhien sau thdng nhit dit nude, tinh hinh kinh td xa hdi da ed nhidu bidn ddi lam anh budng ddn sy phit tridn cua ngudi Viet Nam vd mat thd chit Thye td cho tbiy d nhidu vung hien tre em Idn nhanh hon, cao bon, nang hon, co thd cin ddi bon, net mat linh boat hon Vi vay ndu cii' liy cae sd heu cu dd dua vio tai lu giang day, hgc tap va iing dung cudc sdng la khdng thye td Hon nira, hien trinh dd va trang tbidt bj da ed nhidu tidn bd va hien dai cho ehung ta cd thd tidn banh nghien eiiu cic chi tieu sinh bgc cua ngudi Viet Nam mdt cich diy dii va xac thye bon Bdi vay, nam 1991 tmdng Dai hgc Y khoa Ha Ndi da tidn banh dd tai cip bd "Nghien cihi mdt sd ehi tieu sinh bgc ngudi Viet Nam tai Ha Ndi" va nam 1994 duge chuydn dy in didu tra co ban va kdt qua nghien ciiu da duge cdng bd vio nam 1996 quydn "Kdt qua bude diu nghien ciru mdt sd chi tieu sinh bgc ngudi Viet Nam" Tuy nhien vd thd lye cua hgc sinh pbd thdng mdi chi duge nghien curu d mdt sd tmdng PTCS cua mdt vai tinh va chua cd cdng trinh nao nghien eihi eic ehi sd mdt cich he thdng d bgc sinh phd thdng X\t ddn 17 tudi Vi vay ehung tdi da tidn banh "nghien eihi mdt sd chi tieu vd thd lye ciia hgc sinh phd thdng 6-17 tndi" Cdng trtnh nghien ciiu nhdm muc dfch la gdp phdn cung cip sd lieu vd thd lye eho viec xiy dyng hing sd sinh hgc ngudi Viet Nam va tim cic quy luat phit tridn thd lye ciia hgc sinh phd thdng Tren co sd dd gdp phin dd xuit cae bien phip giio due, dao tao eic em mdt cich toin dien va cd sd lieu cip nbat, xie thye hon cho viec bien soan eic sich giio khoa, giio trtnh va tai heu day va hgc d tit ca cae cip bgc 90 II Ddi tugng va phuong pha|5 nghien curu Ddi tugng nghien cint Chiing tdi tidn hanh nghien curu d hgc sinh ciia ba tmdng phd thdng thude quin Ciu Giiy, phd Hi Ndi Dd la tmdng Tidu bgc Djch Vgng A, tmdng phd thdng tmng hgc thye banh Nguydn Tit Thanh va tmdng phd thdng tmng hgc din lap Nguydn Binh Khiem Ddi tugng nghien ciiu la hgc sinh tir Idp ddn Idp 12, cd dd tudi tfr ddn 17 tudi Tit ca cd 20 nhdm vdi 12 dd mdi khic Tdng sd bgc sinh duge nghien ciiu li 3023 em, dd cd 1504 nam vi 1519 nii Ddi tugng duge nghien cdn b trang thii khoe manh va khdng ed cic dj tit vd hinh thd Phuong phdp nghien cUu Chiing tdi tidn banh nghien eiJu chi tieu co ban vd thd lye la chidu cao diing, trgng lugng CO thd, vdng ngye tmng binh, cbi sd pignet va chi sd khdi lugng co thd Dd tidn banh thu thip sd lieu chiing tdi sir dung cic phuong phip nghien ciiii cua sinh ly hgc: - Chidu cao diing duetc xie djnh bang thude chidu cao, cd vach chia ddn 0,1 cm - Trgng lugng co thd duge xie djnh bang cin y hgc, cd vach chia ddn 0,1 kg - Vdng ngye tmng binh duge xie djnh bang sd tmng binh cdng cua sd vdng ngye liic hit vio va sd vdng ngye liic thd III Ket qua nghien ci'ru / Suphat trien chieu cao cua hgc sinh thong Bang 1: Chieu cao ciia hgc sinh phd thong theo lUa tudi vd gidi tinh Don vi: cm Cip Tudi Nam NiJ n X 5n 123 112,58 4,62 Tidu 126 117,35 4,27 hgc 122 122,23 121 10 n X 5n 126 110,35 4,15 4,77 123 116,06 4,76 5,71 1,29 4,98 4,88 127 121,28 4,35 5,22 0,95 126,56 4,38 4,33 126 126,46 4,05 5,18 0,10 131 130,80 4,14 4,24 134 132,40 3,42 5,94 -1,60 11 138 136,15 5,35 5,35 135 138,17 3,86 5,77 -2,02 12 121 141,08 4,93 4,03 120 143,05 3,63 4,88 -1,97 13 124 146,04 4,96 4,96 125 149,85 4,52 6,80 -3,81 14 124 150,58 4,54 4,54 126 153,86 5,46 4,01 -3,28 15 136 157,94 7,36 7,36 130 154,67 5,73 0,81 3,27 16 124 161,15 3,21 3,21 127 154,93 5,32 0,26 6,22 17 114 161,88 3,93 0,73 120 155,41 4,89 0,48 6,52 hoc THCS PTTH Tang Nam > Tang ntr 2,23 Kdt qua nghien ciin (bang 1) cho tbiy giai doan tir den 17 tudi chidu cao ciia hgc sinh ting hen tuc? Ddi vdi hgc sinh nam chidu cao tmng binh tang tir 112,58 cm liic tudi len tdi 161,88 cm hie 17 tudi, tang them duge 49,30cm Ddi vdi nir, chidu cao trung binh ting tir 91 110,35 em liie tudi len tdi 155,41 cm liic 17 tudi, tang them duge 45,06cm Tuy nhien b cic Ilia mdi khic tdc tang chidu cao eiia hgc sinh khdng ddng ddu -I- d Ilia mdi tidu bgc (6-10 tudi) tdc dd tang chidu cao eiia bgc sinh tuong ddi ddng ddu Chidu cao tmng binh ciia hgc sinh nam tang tCr 112,58 em liie mdi len tdi 130,80cm liic 10 tudi, binh quan mdi nam tang them 4,56em va b n\i chidu cao tmng binh tang tir 110,35cm liic tudi len tdi 132,40em liic 10 tudi, binh quan mdi nam tang them duge 5,51cm + Ilia tudi phd thdng tmng bgc co sd (THCS) (10-14 tudi), chidu cao ciia hgc sinh tang vdi tdc dd nhanh hon nam chidu cao tmng binh tang tir 130,80 cm liie 10 mdi len tdi 150,58cm liic 14 tudi, binh quan mdi nam tang them 4,95cm va d nir tang tir 132,40cm liic 10 tudi len tdi 153,86em, binh quan mdi nam tang them duge 5,37cm + Wa tudi tmng hgc phd thdng (THPT) (14-17 tudi), tdc dd tang chidu cao cua bgc sinh giam din nam chidu cao trung binh tang tir 150,58em lie 14 tudi len tdi 161,88cm liie 17 tudi, binh quin tang them 3,77em/nam va d nir tang tir 153,86cm liic 14 tudi len tdi 155,41cm liie 17 mdi, binh quin tang them 0,52cm/nam - Trong qua trtnh phat tridn ciia hgc sinh, ed nhung giai doan chidu cao tang bdt phit Dd la Ilia tudi day thi Ddi vi'ti nam Ihdi diem la hie 14-15 tudi chidu cao tmng binh tang them 7,36cm va d nir thdi didm niiy la liic 12-13 tudi, chieu cao tmng binh eiia cic em tang them 6,80em - Giiia nam va nfr tdc phit tridn chidu cao cung khdng gidng giai doan day thi chidu cao tang nhanh nhung tudi day thi eiia nir thudng ddn sdm hon nam nen tir tudi chidu cao ciia cic em nir da bit day tang nhanh hon cac em nam lam eho sir chenh leeb chidu cao giira nam va nii giam dan, ddn 10 tudi thi chidu cao tmng binh ciia nir da Idn bon so vdi nam va d thdi didm 14 tudi nfr cao hon nam tdi 3,28cm Nhung tir tudi 11 tudi chidu cao ciia nam bit diu tang nhanh, dd tir 14 tudi trd di tdc dd tang chidu cao eiia nir bit diu giam nhanh cho nen den 15 tudi chidu cao trung binh eiia nam da bdt diu Idn hon nir va den 16 tudi chidu cao tmng binh d nam Idn bon nir tdi 6,22em, sau dd dn dinh d mire Ve dd thj tang tmdng chidu cao eiia hgc sinh cho tbiy giua nam va nir cd bai didm giao chdo Giao cheo lin thir nbat la liie tudi thdi didm chidu cao tmng binh ciia nii dat tri sd bang nam va sau dd la Idn bon nam Giao cheo lin thir bai la liie 14-15 tudi, dd chidu cao tmng binh cua nam dudi kjp nir va sau dd la Idn hon Nhln chung, cip hgc pbd thdng thi d lira mdi THCS chidu cao ciia hgc sinh nir tang nhanh nhit, eon d nam thi lira tudi tang nhanh chidu cao la giai doan eudi THCS va diu THPT Cd thd giai tbieb hien tugng la giai doan day thi cua cic em he xuong phit tridn manh, dac biet la cac xuong dng dai rat nhanh lam eho chidu cao cua cae em tang nhanh Cdn sau dd, hiu bet be)e sinh da day thi hoim loan, cic em budc vao thdi ky dn dinh din vd chidu cao, dd tdc tang chidu cao giam dan Thdi didm tang bdt phit chidu cao cua hgc sinh nam vio liic 14-15 tudi va ciia nCr vao hie 12-13 Uidi 92 Suphdt trien trgng lugng co the cua hgc sinh phd thong Bang 2: Trgng lugng co the ciia hgc sinh theo Ida tudi vd gidi tinh Don vj: kg Cip Nam hgc X 17,14 2,35 2,13 19,79 2,86 2,65 1,29 3,41 1,82 22,16 3,65 2,37 0,74 24,65 4,06 1,75 23,83 3,05 1,67 0,82 10 27,78 4,38 3,13 26,28 4,02 2,45 1,50 11 30,56 3,87 2,78 29,46 4,13 3,18 1,10 12 33,09 3,92 2,53 33,07 4,26 3,61 0,02 13 35,32 5,23 2,23 36,23 4,84 3,16 • -0,91 14 38,00 5,19 2,68 41,75 4,67 5,52 -3,75 15 44,32 5,32 6,32 42,90 5,06 1,15 1,42 16 47,94 4,78 3,62 44,06 4,12 1,16 3,88 17 48,84 4,92 0,90 44,92 4,87 0,86 3,92 Tudi X 5n 18,95 2,86 21,08 2,82 Tidu 22,90 hgc THCS PTTH Nam > NO 5n Tang Tang ncr 1,81 Kdt qua nghien ciru (bang 2) cho tbiy: - Trgng lugng co thd ciia hgc sinh tang lien tuc tir ddn 17 mdi Ddi vdi nam, trgng lugng tmng binh tang tir 18,95kg liic tudi len ddn 48,84 kg liic 17 tudi, tang them duge 29,89 kg va ddi vdi nil' tang tir 17,14 kg liic tudi ten tdi 44,92 kg liic 17 tudi, tang them duge 27,78kg - Tuy nhien tdc dd tang trgng lugng co thd ciia hgc sinh khdng ddng ddu, cd giai doan tang nhanh, cd giai doan tang chim: -I- d Ilia tudi tidu bgc, trgng lugng cua bgc sinh tang tuong ddi ddng ddu, d nam tang tir 18,95 kg liic mdi len 27,78 kg lie 10 tudi, tang binh quin'2,21 kg/nam va d nir tang tCr 17,14 kg liic tudi len 26,28 kg luc 10 tudi, tang binh quin 2,29kg/nam + lira tudi THCS, tritng lugng cua hgc sinh tang nhanh nam tang tir 27,78 kg liic 10 tudi len 38,00 kg liic 14 tudi, tang binh quin 2,56 kg/nam va d nir tang tir 26,28 kg luc 10 tudi len 41,75 kg liic 14 tudi, tang binh quan 3,87 kg/nam + d Ilia tudi THPT, trgng lugng trung binh d bgc sinh nfr tang chim lai, tang binh quan 1,06 kg/nam, cdn b nam tdc dd tang trgng lugng d lira tudi vin cao, tang binh quin 3,61 kg/nam Trong qui trtnh phit tridn d hgc sinh, ed giai doan trgng lugng tang bdt phit nam giai doan la liia tudi 14-15 tudi, tang them 6,32 kg d nir, giai doan la 13-14 tudi, tang them 5,52 kg/nim Nhu viy, tbiti didm tang trgng lugng be)t phit d ntr sdm hon d nam nam -I- nam va nfr, tdc dd tang trgng lugng co the cung khic O liia tudi tidu bgc, tdc dd tang trgng lugng ciia nam va ntr tuong duong nen mire chenh lech giira nam vi ntr it thay ddi Tir 10 nam trgng lugng eiia nfr tang nhanh bon nam lam cho mtic chenh lech dd giam 93 din, ddn 12 tudi trgng lugng tmng binh ciia nu tuong vdi nam, tao nen didm giao cheo thii' nhit tren dd thi vi sau dd trgng lugng tmng binh cua nir Idn hon nam Tir 14 tudi, trgng lugng cua nam tang nhanh nhung ciia nir lai tang ebam nen den 15 tudi nam da nang hon nir 1,48 kg va didm giao cheo thii bai la giua 14 va 15 tudi Suphat trien vdng ngi/c trung binh ciia hgc sinh Kdt qua nghien ciiu eho thay vdng ngye cua bgc sinh phd thdng tang lien tuc theo Wa tudi nhung tang khdng ddu + lira tudi tidu bgc vdng ngye tang cham nhung tdc dd tang tuong ddi ddng ddu, binh quin 0,87 em/nam ddi vdi nam va 0,74 em/nam ddi vdi nu THCS vdng ngye cua hgc sinh tang nhanh hon, binh quin tang 2,05cni/nam ddi vdi nam va 2,97em/nam ddi vdi nir O THPT vdng ngye cua hgc sinh nam tang nhanh, binh quan tang 2,57 em/nam nhung ddi vdi nir tdc dd tang vdng ngye giam xudng, binh quan tang 1,75 em/nam Thdi didm tang nhanh nhit ciia vdng ngye b nam la 15-16 tudi, tang 4,85 em/nam, va b nvtlk 13-14 tudi, tang 5,27cm/nam Khic vdi chidu cao va trgng luitng co thd, d ciing dd tudi vdng ngye eiia nam ludn bon nii Bang 3: Vdng nguc trung binh cua hgc sinh theo Ida tudi vd gidi tinh Don vi: cm Cip hgc Nam Tudi X 5n 57,42 3,02 Tidu 58,24 3,48 hgc 59,15 THCS PTTH Nam > Nir Tang nu X 5n 54,78 3,15 0,82 55,65 3,20 0,87 2,59 3,77 0,91 56,64 3,35 0,99 2,51 60,26 3,65 57,55 4,05 0,91 2,71 10 61,18 3,32 1,11 0,92 58,52 3,42 0,97 2,66 11 62,36 3,74 1,18 59,47 3,86 0,95 2,89 12 64,55 4,12 2,19 61,68 3,63 2,21 2,87 13 67,02 5,18 • 2,47 64,52 4,52 2,84 2,50 14 69,48 5,68 2,46 69,79 4,46 5,27 -0,40 15 72,07 4,63 2,59 72,04 4,75 2,25 0,57 16 76,92 4,82 4,85 73,80 4,32 1,76 2,97 17 77,88 4,57 0,96 74,87 3,89 1,07 2,06 Tang 2,64 Tom lai, qua nghien eihi tren 3023 hgc sinh phd thdng chiing tdi cd nhin xet ring thd lye ciia hgc sinh phit tridn khdng ddu theo liia tudi, cd giai doan phit tridn nhanh, cd giai doan phit tridn chim Sy phit tridn cua cic ehi sd vd the lye cung khdng gidng nhau, chidu cao phit tridn sdrm hon so vdi trgng lugng co thd va vdng ngye tmng binh Mat khie, so sinh kdt qua nghien ciiu cua minh vdi kdt qua nghien ciiu cua cic tic gia tmdc day vd cac chi tieu b tre em thude cic khu vyc khic cua Ha Ndi chiing tdi nhan tbiy ring cae ehi sd chiing tdi duoc 94 ddu cao hon Didu dd phin nao ndi len ring tinh hinh kinh td - xa hdi phit tridn, hgc sinh hien cd xu budng phit tridn sdm hon so vdi tmdc diy Ke't qua nghien ciin tren cho tbiy dd giup hgc sinh phit tridn thd lye mdt cich tdt dep cin phai ndm duge cic dac didm phit tridn thd lye cua hgc sinh d timg Wa tudi, d timg thdi didm va tiing khu vyc va ndu cd didu kien thi d timg tmdng phd thdng Hien nay, tren dja ban Ha Ndi da cd mdt sd tmdng phd thdng tidn hinh kidm tra sire khoe cho hgc sinh nhung thudng thi mdi chi thye hien ddi vdi hgc sinh mdi duge nhin vao tmdng b diu cip hgc Theo chiing tdi nen kidm tra siic khoe cho hgc sinh mdi nam hgc ft nbi't la mdt lin Tdi lieu tham khdo Thim Thi Hoang Diep Hinh thai va thd lye cua hgc sinh cua tmdng phd thdng co sd thye nghiem Ha Ndi Luin in PTS, Ha Ndi, 1991 Dao Thuy Khiie Dac didm vd kich thude, hinh thii, sy tang tmdng vi phit tridn co thd ciia hgc sinh phd thdng Tdm tat luin in PTS sinh hgc Ha Ndi, 1991 Ta Thuy Lan, TRin Thj Loan vSinh ly hgc tre em NXB Giio due Ha Ndi, 1997 Le Nam Tri (cbii bien) va cic tic gia khie Kdt qua budc diu nghien ciiu mdt sd chi tieu sinh hgc ngudi Viet Nam NXB Y bgc Ha Ndi, 1996 Nguydn Tin Gi Trgng (ehii bien) va cic tie gia khic Hing sd sinh hgc ngudi Viet Nam NXB Y hgc Ha Ndi, 1975 Cao Qudc Viet va cic tic gia khic Tudi diy thi d mdt sd vilng midn Bde Viet Nam TC Y hgc thye hinh - ky ydu cdng trinh NCKH Vien Bao ve siic khoe tre em 1991 - 1995 SUMMARY Developtmcnt physical strength of school pupils The research was carried out in 1998, with 3023 pupils (1504 males and 1519 females) in Dich Vong A primary school, Nguyen Tat Thanh secondary school and Nguyen Binh Khiem secondary school, in Cau Giay District, Hanoi City The result showed that physical strength of school pupils has developed without stopping and increased by age They has grown both in height and weigh There is difference indevelopment physical strength beetween two sexes Speed of increasing height and weight was bight in age 10-15 95 ... tdc tang chidu cao eiia hgc sinh khdng ddng ddu -I- d Ilia mdi tidu bgc (6-10 tudi) tdc dd tang chidu cao eiia bgc sinh tuong ddi ddng ddu Chidu cao tmng binh ciia hgc sinh nam tang tCr 112,58 em... kidm tra sire khoe cho hgc sinh nhung thudng thi mdi chi thye hien ddi vdi hgc sinh mdi duge nhin vao tmdng b diu cip hgc Theo chiing tdi nen kidm tra siic khoe cho hgc sinh mdi nam hgc ft nbi't... PTS sinh hgc Ha Ndi, 1991 Ta Thuy Lan, TRin Thj Loan vSinh ly hgc tre em NXB Giio due Ha Ndi, 1997 Le Nam Tri (cbii bien) va cic tic gia khie Kdt qua budc diu nghien ciiu mdt sd chi tieu sinh