CONG - DUNG - N G C N - HANH VA DAG DL/C MOI CUA PHU NCf NGAY NAY Doan Thj Thai Van phdng Cong dodn - DHQG Hd Ngi Trong lieh s^ m^'y ngan nam dUng nUdc va giiJ nUde eua dan toe ta, phu ni3 luon giii vai tro quan va ed nhutng eo'ng hien to Idn, gop phan xay dUng nen truyen thong ve vang ciia dan toe, dong thdi cung tao nen truyen thong ciia chinh minh: "Long yeu nUdc, d\ic by sinh, tri thong minh, tinh nhSn ai, son s^t thuy cbung, can cii chiu khd eua ngUdi vd, ngudi me, ngUdi chi, ngUdi em gai, la nhflng diic tinh quy bau dUdc hun due qua eac th§' he phu niJ may ngan nam qua da the hi§n ph^m gia va tieu bieu cho nhan each ngUdi Viet Nam"^ Noi dung eua v^'n de tren rat rong, pbong phu Trong bai viet chung toi chi xin de c^p mot khia canh rat nhd va dttng lai d mtic budc d^u trao doi ve Cong - Dung - Ngon - Hanh vd dgo di2c mdi eua phu nit ngdy nay, Trai qua ca dem dai eua che Phong kien thUc dan, mac dau hi anh hudng ciia tu tudng Khong giao (Ngu thi/dng: Nhan, ll, nghia, tri, tin; NgU ludn: mo'i quan he vua toi, cha con, anh em,ban be) va chinh sach ngu dan de cai tri thuoe dia, nhUng pham gia ciia ngUdi Viet Nam noi chung, ngUdi phu nut ndi rieng v&n sang ngdi vdi ban sic dan toe dam da khong gi xoa noi Tuf kbi CO Dang dSn dudng, nhat la sau Cach mang thang Tam cong, ca dan toe lai bUdc vao cuoc khang chien than t h a n h ^ B^i phat bieu eua Tong Bi thiT Nong Diic Manh tai Dai hoi Phu nut Ian thii IX - Bao Phu nO, so 10 thang 02/2002 699 cbdng thUe dan Phap roi tiep den khang chien cho'ng My ciiu nU6c; Khong chi tap trung cao nhat nhan tai, vat lUe ma ca tinh boa kbi phach, ph^m gia eon ngUdi Viet Nam cho bai cuoc siie mot mat, mot eon thi nhan each, dao ddc ciia phu nuf - lUc lUdng chiem qua niia phan dan so'cang dUdc thii thach va ren luyen vdi noi dung tam cao mdi Chi noi rieng noi dung "tam tdng" xUa da khae xa nhieu NgUdi phu nii khang chien khong bd hep vai tro gia dinh, khong troi buoe bdi chong ma da vUdn len " tdng quan, tdng chinh" Khong phan biet gia, tre, giau, ngheo, thi, nong thon O dau, bS^t eijt viec gi eiing c6 dong gop xiing dang eua phu nii Tren tien tuyen: Qua 18 chien dich khang chien cho'ng Phap (1946-1954) phu nii da dong gop tong so': 9.578.000 cong Neu chi rieng cac chien dich Idn da gop 50% tong so'ngay cong Chien dich cang 16n, cang dai ngay, cang d ndi hiem yeu cang ed sU hy sinh dong gop eua phu nO nhieu Tai chien dich Bien gidi (1950) eo 600.000 cong den Chien dich Tay Bic, Hoa Binh da cd 2.150.000 cong va chien dich Dien Bien Phu tran quyet chien chien lUdc ed tdi 2.381.000 cong lao dong mat tran cau dUdng •>, bau phUdng: nhfing ngUdi me, ngUdi chi khong chi siic tang gia san xuat, "va ao", "nuoi quan" ma tham gia du kich danh giac giii lang thi dua eiing tien tuyen Tinh rieng tif nam 1951-1954 da c6 gan trieu phu nut tham gia du kich; va tu: khu V Bic c6 2000 gia dinh c6 t\i 3-4 di bg doi Trong Khang chien Cbdng My cviu nude- pham gia nhan each truyen thong eua ngUdi phu nii Viet Nam lai vUdt len xiing dang vdi tam cao thdi dai Tam chU vang "Anh hitng, bat khud't, trung hau, dam danf dUde Dang, Nha nude tang cho phu nii la sU danh gia cong lao to Idn 700 eua phu nii dong gop cho khang chien va la sU due ket sau sSc truyen thdhg tot dep ciia phu nii Viet Nam Sau cuoc khang chid'n cbdng My ciiu nUdc, ca nUdc di len ehu nghia xa hoi; nhat la tu: kbi cong cuoc doi mdi Dang ta kbdi xUdng va lanb dao da ehuyen sang thdi ky mdi, thdi ky tiep tuc doi mdi, d^y manh cong nghiep boa, bien dai boa, xay dung va bao ve To quo'c Viet Nam XHCN, nham thUc hien mue tieu " Dan gidu, nitdc manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan ehu, van minh" Trong sU nghiep vi dai ngUdi phu nii cd vai tro rat quan ThUe te, qua trinh doi mdi tren 15 nam qua cac tang Idp phu nii lai to ro nang lUc, ph^m ch^'t eua minh, neu cao tinh than yeu nude, doan ket phat buy tiem nang, siic sang tao hoc t^p, lao dong, san xuli't va cong tac dat dUde nbiing tich xuat s§c tren moi linb vUe Vdi 48% lao dong xa hoi; 51,48% dan so'ca nUdc, tren 20% can bo quan ly nha nUde - vdi sd'ngUdi cd trinh khoa hoe cang tang; rieng phu nii nganh sU pham chiem gan 52% va gan 40 % cac trUdng dai hoc Phu nii da cd cong bien gop phan vao sU phat trien chung eua dat nUde, dap iing yeu efiu cang cao ciia each mang; xting dang vdi Idi khen ngdi eua Bac Hd kinh yeu ''Non song gam voc Viet Nam phu nH ta tre cung nhiC gia siJtc det iheu ma them tot dep rUc r&\ Qua trinh ddng gop va trudng eua phu nii cong cuoc doi mdi, nhUng pham chat dao dxtc truyen tho'ng to't dep, cd noi dung: cong, dung, ngon, hanh eua ngUdi phu nu! nhieu phUdng dien vAn nguyen y nghia Phu nfi ddng vai tro trung tam viec xay dUng cac gia tri va la nbiing ngUdi quan sang 701 tao cac truyen tho'ng tot dep nhat ciia dan toe NhU v^y, phu nfl la nbiing ngUdi the bi$n ban chat tieu bieu cho ban s4c mang tinh lich sxi dan toe va la nhutng ngUdi mang minh tU tudng dao diie yeu nUdc va ehu nghia each mang TrUde kia, ngUdi phu nii dUde tieng la nen nep phai cham lo tot viec te gia noi trd, tiic la sap xep viec nha cho ngan nap, chin ehu, coi sdc, dieu hanh moi viec nha cho em dep, cdm lanh canh ngot cho chong eon Tif ehuyen tay bom chia khoa quan ly chi tieu, s^m stta v^t dung den viec may va theu thua Tieu ehu^n hang dau "cong" (biet lao dong) de kie'm song cho ban than, gia dinh va ddng gop cho xa hoi Trong dieu kien mdi: nen kinh te thi trUdng theo dinh hUdng xa hoi chii nghia, m6i ngUdi phu nii khong the diing lai d yeu cSu chiu thUdng, chiu khd, tan tao, sieng nang va eiing khong chi d vi$c te gia, noi trd ma yeu cSu ky thuat nii cong gia chanh dii de thudng thuEc "du mui xoi, thiic hanh" va 'Nhiem nhat thay ditdng chi, mui kim" de tiep noi thien chiie ngUdi phu nii d moi gia dinh viec to chiic cuoc song, xay dUng gia dinh theo mue tieu "No dm, binh ddng, tien bg, hg,nh phuc" Viec xay dUng cuoc song am no hanh phue va van minh cong siie eua ho bd ra, da gop ph§n vao cong cuoc doi mdi dat nU6c NgUdi phu nii nay, ho ganh vac cong viec xa hoi ch^ng k6m gi dan ong, eo nbiing mat vUdt troi Phu nH cang tham gia nhieu vao cong tac xa hoi, san xuat kinh te, tiep xuc vdi nhieu nguon thong tin, cd trinh kien thiic, y thiic binh d i n g dUde nang cao va dUdc phap luat bao ve Cong phai bieu rong bdn vdi nhiing nha giao, nha van, nha bao, nhiing nha lanh dao, nha khoa hoc, nha nghien ciiu Ngoai cong viec quan ly xa hoi, ngUdi phu nii vSn dam dUdng vai trd ciia ho gia dinh, thue bien thien cbiic lam me, vd eua ngUdi phu nii Dieu qua that khong dl, eiing thdi gian nhu 702 mot ngay, nhUng ngudi phu nU viia phai thu xep viec nha, vijfa thu xep cong viec xa hoi thi tii diJte da dUde nang len mot tam cao mdi Vi dCi cd nhieu bien thien eua khoa hoc va cong nghe thong tin thi cuoc so'ng gia dinh va tinh yeu doi liia v^n la sU lUa ebon phii hdp vdi nhan tinh, phii hdp vdi sU thang tien gia tri tinh th^n eua nhan loai Nen phu nii cang nhieu ngUdi biet va gidi tin hoc, ngoai ngii va quan ly, to chtic lao dong hdp ly ed hieu qua cao v.v Nhu vay "Cong" da phat trien gidi mot nghe, biet nhieu nghe; da tii kien tri, chiu khd den thong minh, sang tao; t\i khong tie'e cong sdc den nang cao tri thiic de rut n g i n thdi gian de tang nang xuat lao dong va hieu qua cbii't lUdng Va, nhU the "Cong" khong la yeu cau kie'm song xa xUa ma da vUdn len tao cuoc so'ng dii day eua ban than va gia dinh NgUdi gia dUde cham sdc, ngUdi tre dUde phat trien toan dien, gia dinh ndi tho 16 chia se moi tam tu giiia cac the be song no'i tiep de eiing tien bo Tii xa hoi cang tot dep viing chic len bdi gia dinh - mot te bao xa hoi to't dep ben viing bdn Ddng gop to 16n Ky thuoc ve "Cong" ciia ngUdi phu nii Ciing vdi tieu chuan "Cong", "Dung" eiing dUde xa hoi rat quan tam, khong rieng gi phu nii "Dung"( ve dep ngUdi phu nii - phai dep) theo quan niem rong eiing nhU hep cang y nghia Neu xUa dieu kien lao dong ''dau tat, mat t6'V\ ''bdn mat cho dat, bdn litng cho trdi" ngUdi phu nii vSn quan tam den "net ngoc doan trang", v^n giii "khong tha thudt" va "khong chieu la Idi" thi nay, vdi tien bo xa hoi, ngUdi phu nii cd dieu kien giai phdng mot phan cong viec gia dinh va thdi gian lao dong xa hoi, lai eo them nhiing phudng tien va kien thiic de lam cho "Dung" nhan (ve dep ben ngoai) cung nhu pham chat tam hon ben dUde boe 16 thUdng nhat qua 703 tam hon rat nhieu doi vdi mdi ngUdi Cha ong ta cd cau "Cai net danh chet cai dep"; "To't go bdn to't nUde sdn" Ngay nay, kbi miie so'ng eua ngUdi dan d^n dUdc nang cao bdn ngoai nhu cau thiet yeu ve an, cl, mac hang thi nhu cau ve giai tri, lam dep cung trd nen khong the thieu ddi song tinh than TSft nhien c^n loai trii mot bo phan rat nhd, khong dang ke da nhan thiic khong dung, khong ndi la sai da lam dung my pham lam mat di ve dep tU nhien ma tao boa da ban tang cho ho Hoae sii dung nhiing bo trang phuc khong dung luc, dung ndi lam mat ve sang, hon nhien eua ngUdi phu nii, tham chi to thie'u ton minh va nhiing ngUdi xung quanh Su bai boa, g^n quyen giiia binh thiic va noi dung, giiia the xac va tam hon, giiia suy nghi va ed chi dep "Dung" eua ngUdi phu nii v^n la sU ke thiia ban sic dan toe v\ia la yeu cau tien chi danh gia pham chat mdi ngUdi ciia xa hoi tien bo Su bai boa eua "Dung"cung bo 16 qua "Ngon" la tieu chuan thd ba td "ditc" xUa eua phu nii Cha 6ng ta da tCfng ndi "ngUdi khon noi tieng diu ddng di nghe" , "ngitdi khon chi noi niia Idi cung khon" va khuyen "ndi cho Idi, "Lieu Idi ma ndi cho viia long nhau" Ngay nay, xa hoi md ciia, da phUdng, da dien, quan he giao tiep cang mcl rong giiia cac qu6'c gia, cac cong dong, toe ngUdi, va cac linh vuc khae thi tieu chuan "Ngon" cang cao Khong the chi diing lai "trinh thUa, vang da", kh6ng chi la giao tiep lieh sU, bay to de ngUdi khae bieu suy nghi, yeu cau eua minh vdi tap the.v.v ma phai tiep thu dUde noi dung chinh xac eua ngUdi tiep xuc vdi minh R6 rang, kbi md rong giao luu diic "Ngon" eua ngUdi phu nfl v6 cung quan va can thie't Trong viec khuyen chong, day b nha cho den viec dan xep, thUdng lUdng, doi thoai, tiep xiic cong 704 viec tii bu6n ban kinh doanh den ngoai giao chinh tri, tieng noi, each n6i ciia phai nii thudng dUa d§'n ket qua mong muon bdn nhd sU mem mai, uyen ehuyen ciia ca am l^n tuf ngii Ng6n ngii bieu dat y nghi, nb^n tbtjfc eua ngUdi nii doi vdi cuoc song, vdi the gidi, to ro tri thong minh, tinh nhay cam va tri thiic pbong phu ciia ho ve tu nhien va xa hoi Vi vay, phu nii chiing ta phan dong da y thiic dUde va thUe te da dat cho minh yeu cau thUdng xuyen trau doi, ren luyen tif von ngon ngii Su hieu biet ngdn ngxi va each bieu dat ng6n ngii cho tbich hdp v6i moi hoan canh, m6i trUdng Nhiing nh^n thttc chua dung, nbiing bieu hien diie "Ngon" sai trai vdi truyen tho'ng dao ly, nep so'ng eua bo phan ngUdi "tho tuc pham phu" da va dang bi dU luan len an va kbdng dung thii Nhu vay "Cong, dung, ngon" la ba diie vtta cd noi dung, bieu hien cu the rieng vijfa ed khia canh eua "Hanh" Hanh la diic thii tu tii diic Do la khai ni§m bao quat dao diic eua ngUdi phu nii ma ngUcJi xUa khuon lai yeu ciu "Ngay, thao, kinh, tin" "Hanh" la ke tbtta cac yeu to' dao diic truyen tho'ng eua dan toe dUde phat trien va nang cao qua trinh each mang- Do la dao diie eua ngUdi Viet Nam (trong cd phu nii) "vita hong, vita ehuyen" V6i nhiing diic tinh von c6, hien boa nhan ai, dung d i n chan thue, ngUdi phu nii hien dai phai ben bi boi d i p kien thiic, md mang tri tue, phat buy tinh nhay cam ciia nii gidi de xdng vao trUdng ddi vdi sU diing cam va quyet doan khong kem gi nam gidi Tom lai, sud't chieu dai lich sd, qua nhiing chang dUdng khae nhau, d phUdng dien nay, Imh vUc khae; dii nhin nhan theo gdc do, each danh gia nao thi "tii diic" (C6ng-Dung-Ng6n-Hanh) v^n cd nbiing gia tri tich cUc va bieu hien cang da dang pbong phu d moi ngUdi 705 phu nut Viet Nam Bdi le, chinh ho da eiing dan toe vUdt qua ban che lich sd de binh nhiing pham chat dao diie c6 y nghia truyen tho'ng, song dam da ban sic rieng ciia dan toe tiep thu nhiing tinh hoa ciia thdi dai va nhan loai tien bo tren the gidi 706 ... da nhan thiic khong dung, khong ndi la sai da lam dung my pham lam mat di ve dep tU nhien ma tao boa da ban tang cho ho Hoae sii dung nhiing bo trang phuc khong dung luc, dung ndi lam mat ve... dxtc truyen tho'ng to't dep, cd noi dung: cong, dung, ngon, hanh eua ngUdi phu nu! nhieu phUdng dien vAn nguyen y nghia Phu nfi ddng vai tro trung tam viec xay dUng cac gia tri va la nbiing ngUdi... chua dung, nbiing bieu hien diie "Ngon" sai trai vdi truyen tho'ng dao ly, nep so'ng eua bo phan ngUdi "tho tuc pham phu" da va dang bi dU luan len an va kbdng dung thii Nhu vay "Cong, dung,