Trfldc nhflng anh hfldng xau tac dgng den boat ddng ngoai thuong Trung Qud'c do cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cdu dem lai, Trung Qudc da neu ra cdn phai quan triet quan diem phat t[r]
(1)BOI Vtl NGOAI THOMG TRUNG QUOC THS 0 NGOC TOAN Vien Nghien cdu Trung Qudc
N am 2008 la nam dang ghi
nhd lich sii nen kinh te the gidi vfla bfldc sang the ky mdi Cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau bat ngudn tfl nflde My bung nd va lan rong den cac cfldng qud'c kinh te bflng manh d chau Au nhfl Anh, Phap, Dfle, khdng chi de doa trflc tiep den nen kinh te ciia cac nflde khu vfle, ma cdn keo theo anh hfldng ba't ldi den thi trfldng tai chinh chau A vdi mfle khac nhau, dien hinh la Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c va Trung Quo'c, lam cho sfle tang trfldng kinh te the gidi giam sut, san xua't dinh tre, thi trfldng suy sup, be tho'ng tai chinh - tien te xao ddng, ehi sd' chflng khoan tut ddc Mdi day, cac nha kinh te da dfl doan rdng cudc khiing hoang toan cdu cd the mang lai thiet hai cho nen kinh te the gidi tdi 30.000 ty USD'
Ddi vdi Trung Qud'c - qudc gia cd tiem nang tai chinh Idn nhat d chau A dang bat dau vUdn day, lap tflc da phai
chiu nhflng tac ddng va anh hfldng kha nghiem trgng Thu tudng Trung Qud'c On Gia Bao lan ddu tien da bay td rang, cdn khung hoang tai chinh toan cdu cd anh hudng "nghiem trgng bdn dii doan" len nen kinh te Trung Qud'c" Trong sU lan toa cua khung hoang, linh viic kinh te ddi ngoai la bd phan chiu anh hUdng tnic tiep va nhanh nhat thed chieu hudng xau, dac biet la bnat ddng ngoai thUdng Nha kinh te Udng Thao - ngUdi dflng ddu he thd'ng chflng khoan cua ngan hang Thuy Si da dfl tinh, nam 2009, thfldng mai toan cau se xud'ng ddc, ma tdc tang xuat khau cua Trung Qud'c se giam xud'ng Cd nghia la nam tdi, xua't khau cua Trung Qud'c se dflng d mfle am Ldi danh gia cho tha'y dfldi anh hfldng cua cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau, ngoai thfldng Trung Qud'c dang dflng trfldc nhflng van de nan giai Do dd, ngi dung bai chu yeu tim hieu ve tac dgng cua cudc khung hoang tai chinh the gidi ddi vdi hnb viic
(2)0 NGOC TOAN
ngoai thfldng va nhflng ddi sach eiia Trung Qud'c giai doan
I TINH HINH NGOAI THUONG TRUNG QUOC NAM 2008
Ke tfl thflc hien cai each md cda cho den nam 2007, hoat ddng ngoai thfldng cua Trung Quo'c da dat dflde nhflng tflu to Idn khien the gidi dac biet quan tam Tong mfle xua't nhap khau tfl 20,64 ty USD nam 1978 da dat tdi hdn 2000 ty USD nam 2007, tang khoang 105 lan Tfl nam 2003 den 200'/ mfle tang binh quan dat tdi 28,7% ty le xua't sieu dat tdi mfle dot pha 260 ty USD' Trong xu the toan cau hoa kinh te dang tidn tnen, to'c phat trien kmh te the' gidi dang tren da tang trfldng thfldng mai va dau tfl qude te dang dien sdi dgng thi bfldc sang nam 2008, nen kmh to the gidi da xua't hien nhflng xao ddng nhflng nhan to' ba't ldi tfl cudc khung hoang kmh te ben nUdc My llau qua da lam cho tdc phat t n e n kinb te toan cdu tUng budc cd xu hudng tang cham gia dau md va ndng san tren thi trUdng tiep tue gia tang vdi nhip Idn, sfle ep lam phat pham vi toan cau cang tang eao Cflng vdi sfl lan toa manh me cd tinh day chuyen Trung Qudc - qudc gia cd nhip tang trUdng kmh te ndi bat thdng qua su tang trfldng dot bien cua kim ngach xuat khau thi trUdng the gidi chiem tdi 36%) GDP cua nUde nay' cflng lap tflc trd ddi tfldng ganh chiu sfl bien dgng manh me cua cudc khung hoang
Vai nam trfldc day, boat ddng ngoai thfldng cua Trung Qud'c cung da gap phai nhieu trd ngai va nhflng van de nan giai Chang b a n nhfl mflc hfldng vao ngoai thfldng qua eao, sfle ep qua Idn cua viec tang gia ddng nhan dan te, sfl dung cang thdng vdi ban hang hay mdi trfldng va dieu kien budn ban cang suy giam, v.v da lam cho boat ddng ngoai thfldng cang khd khan hdn Song, gdn day anh hfldng cua viec dieu chinh chinh sach tien te va cd ca'u mau dich d nflde hay sfl gia tang cua gia ca nguyen vat lieu cdng vdi anh hfldng cua khung hoang tai chinh toan cau cang lam cho sfl phat trien cua boat dgng ngoai thfldng Trung Qud'c tang them nhflng thach thflc va trd ngai mdi het sfle khac nghiet, dien hinh la linh vfle xuat khau - khau then chd't thue day sfle tang trfldng kinh te quan trgng nhat hien cua Trung Quo'c hi suy giam tot Theo thd'ng ke cua Tdng cue Hai quan Trung Qude, ba qui dau nam 2008, tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau dat 1.967,1 ty USD, dd, nhap khdu la 893,0 ty USD, xua't khau la 1.074,1 ty USD, mflc xua't sieu chi dat 181 ty USD' Cd the thay ro, mflc tang trfldng xua't nhap khdu cua Trung Qudc nam 2008 da cd da'u hieu xud'ng ddc dd tdc xua't khau da giam xud'ng tdi 4,8 % mflc xua't sieu giam 4,7 ty USD so vdi cung ky nam trudc Trong thang dau, cd thang mflc xua't khau tha'p dfldi mflc cflng ky nam trfldc Xuat
(3)nhap khau cua mdt sd' loai hang tang cham, dac biet la td'e xuat khdu hang boa sang My - ban bang Idn nhat cua Trung Qudc da giam manh Trong ba qui đu nam, xuat khau Trung Qud'c sang My chi dat 189,1 ty USD, tdc da giam 4,6%) so vdi cung ky nam trfldc^ Chi tinh rieng tfl thang - , xuát khau hang boa va phu kien may mac, giay dep, đ dac gia dinh va hang nhiia so vdi cflng ky nam trfldc da giam xud'ng 21,2; 1,7; 3,5 va 8,4% Td'e nhap khau hang boa cua Trung Qud'c bien cung giam manh, tfl thang - 9, ca 16 loai hang boa nhap khdu thd quan trgng bao gdm nhiia, boa chat, eao su tdng hdp, đng, nhdm, thep v.v da xuát hien mflc tang trfldng am so vdi cung ky nam trUdệ
Tuy nhien, phai den niia cudi nam 2008, sfl xua't hien cua thien tai va khung hoang tai chinh toan cau da thflc sfl tac ddng den sfl tang trfldng kmh te Trung Qud'c Theo Ngan hang phat trien chau A, thi lan ddu tien 19 nam qua, Trung Qud'c da dat mot ty le tang trfldng GDP tha'p ddn tfl 9,5 % nam 2008 va se giam xud'ng 8,2% vao nam 2009 Ddng thdi, boat ddng xuat nhap khau cua Trung Qud'c da va dang xuat hien chieu hudng cang giam sflt Ngay 9-12-2008, Trung Qud'c da thdng bao kim ngach nhap khdu cua nflde da giam 17,9% va kim ngach xuat khdu thang 11-2008 da tudt dd'c mat 2,2% so vdi thang 10 ^ Sfl xud'ng ddc ve tdc tang trfldng xuat khau da lam giam sflt
nghiem trgng ty le lai suat xuat khdu rdng thu nhap mau dich, thu hep ldi nhuan cua cac doanh nghiep ngoai thfldng va pha hoai nghiem trgng mdi trfldng mau dich cua nUde
Cd the ndi, khiing hoang tien te d My va sU lan toa theo chieu hUdng xau cua khung hoang tai chinh toan cau khdng chi lam cho ngoai thfldng Trung Qud'c hi xao ddng va chiu ton that nang ne ma cdn khd cd kha nang nhanh chdng khdi phuc lai su phat trien cua boat dgng ngoai thuong cd hieu qua thdi gian tdi
II .\NII H U O N G CUA KIIUN(; HOANG T.VI CHINH TO.VN CXM DOI VQl NGOAI TIIUONCJ TRUNG QUOC
Cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau da dem lai anh hudng gi cho sii phat trien ngoai thUdng cua Trung Qud'c?.Cd the nhan tha'y hau qua cua nd bieu hien d nhflng mat cu the sau:
L Sue tieu diing ciia My giam, anh hirdng den ngoai thirong Trung Qudc
Cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau bdt dau tfl sfl sup dd he thdng ngan bang - tai chinh My va ddn lan toa sang chau A, da cd anh hfldng nghiem trgng den nen kinh te vfla mdi trdi day cua Trung Qud'c, ma linh viic ngoai thfldng da chiu anh hudng trflc tiep Sau cudc khung hoang xay ra, gia ca thi trfldng nha dat va cd phieu My suy giam, Ifldng cho vay tin dung giam, that nghiep gia tang, nd ca nhan khdng
(4)0 NGOC TOAN
ngflng tang len, ngudn tai san tien mat khdng ngflng thu hep Tinh hinh huge ngUdi dan My phai that chat tui tien, ban che tieu dflng, dan den hoat dgng kinh te tren da't My sa sflt, am dam Tfl thang - 9/2008, sd ngfldi mat viec lam nganh phi nong nghiep My tdi 76.000 ngfldi, so' ngfldi tha't nghiep tang tfl 4,7% len tdi 6,1% Rieng thang 9, mfle tieu thu hang ban le da giam 1,2%), mflc tha'p nha't nam Chi so' hoat dgng cua nganh che tao cua thang da giam tfl 49,9% xudng 43,5% vao thang ^ Nhflng nam qua My cflng nhfl cac nflde cd nen kinh te phat t n e n nhfl EU, Nhat Ban la thi trfldng xua't khau chu yeu cua Trung Qud'c, chiem tdi 46% tdng Ifldng hang hoa xua't khau cua nflde nay"^, dd, Ifldng hang boa sang My chiem tdi 19,5 % tdng Ifldng hang xua't khau cua Trung Qud'c" Song, theo so' lieu cua Tdng cue Hai quan da cho tha'y thang ddu nam 2008, anh hudng cua khung hoang, xua't khau cua Trung Qud'c sang thi trfldng Idn nha't da cd chieu hfldng suy giam ro ret Nhfl nha kmh te' Trfldng Ban da phan tich, "nhu cau giam cd nghia la nhu cau cua ngUdi tieu dflng nflde ngoai ddi vdi san pham ke ca loai cd gia tri gia tang cao hay tha'p deu giam" va tinh the nay, hang boa xua't khau cua Trung Qud'c se khong cdn dgng liic de tiep tue cai tien ky thuat ma cdn huge phai tha'p gia de tri thi phan, dem lai hau qua xau cho mdi
trfldng va dieu kien kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep xua't k h a u Trung Qud'c'l Ve nhap khau, chiu tac ddng cua khung hoang tai chinh, niia cudi nam 2008, kinh te My van tiep tuc di xud'ng, dan tdi kha nang tieu dung va dfl tinh tieu dflng cua ngfldi dan nflde tiep tuc giam ma ehi cho dau tfl cd xu hfldng tang len Neu nhu cdu tieu dung cua ngfldi dan My giam ma nganh che tao dan dan hdi phuc lai dau tfl tang len, so' Ifldng hang hoa nhap khau tfl Trung Qud'c ta't se • cang giam, nha't la hien lUdng hang hoa che xua't ciia Trung Qud'c dang chiem tdi hdn 50%) kim ngach xua't khau Day chinh la khd khan va thach thflc nang ne ddi vdi ngoai thfldng cua Trung Qud'c
2 Gia hang hoa nhap khau trong nude gia tang
Trong linh vfle nhap khau, hau qua khung hoang tai chinh dem lai cd lien quan mat thiet den hdi sua't Hien phdn Idn hang hoa tren thi trfldng qudc te hau nhfl dinh gia theo gia tri ddng la My Gia ca hang hoa cao hay tha'p thugc vao sfl tang giam USD Theo cac sd heu thd'ng ke, cd the thay thdi gian gan day, ty gia USD da dan dan tang len, gia ca cac loai hang hoa nhfl ddu mo, quang sdt cd xu hfldng giam Day la tin vui ddi vdi Trung Qud'c - da't nflde cd nhu cdu nhap khau khdi Ifldng Idn ngudn san phdm nguyen heu Tuy nhien, sU pha san cua Cdng ty Lehman Brothesr va viec mua lai Cdng ty Merrill Lynch
(5)cdng vdi viec tuyen bd' tiep quan hai cdng ty da lam cho thi trfldng tai chinh My chao dao nghiem trgng, ddn den ty gia USD tang vgt Dieu tao anh hfldng nang ne cho nhap khau cua Trung Qud'c Theo thd'ng ke cua Hai quan Trung Qud'c, san pham va phi van chuyen cua the gidi tang eao, gia binh quan nhap khdu cua hang nguyen lieu thd chu yeu cung tang vgt Gia quang sdt la 141,3 USD/tan, tang 77%; dau thd la 779 USD/tan, tang 70,5%; dau tfldng la 609 USD/tan, tang 79,4% Trong ba quy ddu nam 2008, Trung Qudc da phai toan vdi mot IflOng ngoai hdi Idn la hdn 146 ty USD'" Khi gia hang hda nhap khau tren the gidi cang tang len, rat cd kha nang Trung Qud'c giam bdt khdi Ifldng hang hda cdn nhap khau, song san xua't va xuat khau cua Trung Qude lai tiep tue suy giam Tac ddng quay vdng se tao them nhflng khd khan mdi
3 Dem lai tdn that true tiep cho co caiu tien te nude
Cdn bao tai chinh xua't phat tfl tam diem la he thd'ng ngan hang qud'c te cua My va nhanh chdng lan rdng toan cdu, tao sfl xao dgng manh me ddi vdi nen kinh te Trung Qude Den nda cudi nam 2008, anh hUdng cua khung hoang kinh te khdng ngflng sau sac bOn, rui ro cflng khdng ngflng md rdng hdn Chinh sfl pha san ciia he thd'ng tai chinh, dien hinh la Cdng ty tai chinh Lehman Brothesr la nguyen nhan gay ton tha't trflc tiep
cho cac cd ca'u tien te (ngan hang) nude cua Trung Qudc Thfl nhat, cd ca'u tien te va nha dau tfl hien dang ndm gifl ra't nhieu trai phieu thfl cap dau tfl cua cdng ty dang phai chiu nhflng tdn tha't nang ne Theo ldi mdt nhan si cua ngan hang Trung Qud'c cho biet "thua Id ddu tu vao trai khoan thfl ca'p My cua ngan hang Trung Qudc chiem khoang 4,5% lgi nhuan trfldc thue cua ca nam 2007, ngan hang cdn lai vao khoang 1%" Rieng khoang tfl thang den 12 nam 2008, cac ngan hang da thua Id nang so vdi nfla nam ddu''' Thd hai, Cong ty Lehman Brothesr bi pha san da keo theo nhflng mdn no khd khoan, gay tdn that cho cac Ngan hang Trung Quo'c Theo nhflng tai lieu cdng bd pha san cho tha'y, chi rieng chi nhanh ngan hang Trung Quo'c tai New York da cho Cdng ty Lehman Brothesr vay la 50 trieu USD''
4 Doi sdng nhan dan bj anh hudmg Ke tfl nam 1978, tang trfldng kmh te cua Trung Qud'c gan lien vdi the gidi ben ngoai, dac biet la nhd linh vfle xua't khdu Dd chinh la ly ma cudc khung hoang tai chinh lan qua ddi nguy hiem ddi vdi Trung Qud'c
Khung hoang tai chinh dan den sU dinh tre ve boat ddng xuat, nhap khau, anh hfldng tram trgng den nen kinh te Trung Qude Trong dd, linh vUe san xuat bang hoa dang lam vao khd khan chdng chat Hang ngan nha may tai mien Nam nUde da phai ddng cfla, tinh trang
(6)0 NGOC TOAN
that nghiep gia tang, thu nhap cua nhan dan hi thu hep, mflc tieu dung cua nhan dan giam sflt nghiem trgng Theo thd'ng ke, rieng tinh Quang Ddng, tfl thang -11, mflc tieu dflng binh quan hang thang chi tang 6%, nhip tang trfldng giam xud'ng cdn 0,4 %)'^
Hien nay, nhu cau tren toan the gidi da giam, phfldng Tay khdng cd kha nang mua hang, hang hoa xua't khau cud Trung Qud'c khdng the ban dflde, to'c xuat khau cua Trung Qud'c da giam dang ke Phan tich tinh hinh nay, giao sfl trfldng kinh doanh Bac Kmh Lflu Can da cho rang, ngUdi Trung Qud'c nen lo lang ve tfldng lai'^
III DOI SACH TRONG NGO,\I THUONG CUA TRUNG QUOC HIEN NAY
Trfldc nhflng anh hfldng xau tac dgng den boat ddng ngoai thuong Trung Qud'c cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cdu dem lai, Trung Qudc da neu cdn phai quan triet quan diem phat trien khoa hgc viec dieu tiet vi md ddi vdi linh vUc ngoai thfldng, tich cflc ddi phd nhflng thach thflc hien nham nhanh chdng tri boat dgng xua't nhap khau lanh manh va on dinh Theo y kien cua cac chuyen gia kinb te cua Trung Qud'c, Chinh phii Trung Qud'c can phai cd nhflng chinh sach bay giai phap nham ddi phd vdi tinh hinh hien Dd la: Trddc het, tim mgi each giam bdt khd khan anh hfldng den kinh te nflde nhu cdu ben ngoai giam sut, thflc day mflc tang xua't khau, thflc hien tdi flu
hoa CO ca'u san pham xua't nhap khau Hai la, cd' gang giup dd cac doanh nghiep
tiep tue phat trien, nang cao kha nang sang tao, san xua't nhflng san pham cd gia tri va cha't Ifldng cao Ba la, day manh hdp tac qud'c te nhdm tang cUdng nang Iflc canh t r a n h tren the gidi'* Tren cd sd nay, cac chuyen gia da tham mUu cho Chinh phii nhflng giai phap cu the nhfl sau:
1 Ve dn dinh muc tang xua't khau, dieu chinh tdi uu co cau san pham
a) Dieu chinh ty le hodn thue xuat khdu cua mot bg phdn sdn phdm
Ngay 1-8-2008, sau nganh hflu quan nang ty le hoan thue xua't khau mdt bd phan hang det va may mac tfl 11% len 13%, tfl 1-11 trd di, lai tiep tue dieu chinh ty le hoan thue xua't khau mot bg phan hang boa cd tinh tap trung lao ddng eao va hang hoa cd bam Ifldng ky thuat eao va cd gia tri gia tang eao Viec dieu chinh mdt each linh boat chinh sach hoan thue xua't khau da lam giam bdt sfle ep cho cac doanh nghiep, thuc day mau dich tang trfldng va dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi va'n de viec lam cua nganh nghe xua't k h a u tap trung nhieu lao dgng Tuy nhien, day mdi ehi la giai phap CO pham vi va mfle dieu chinh kha rdng, khdng phai la phfldng hfldng phat trien nganh nghe sau Trong tfldng lai, Trung Qud'c cdn phai tiep tuc dieu chinh chinh sach hoan thue xuat khau cd tinh trgng diem, chu yeu danh
(7)flu t h e cho n g a n h cd dien va n g a n h s a n p h a m cd h a m Ifldng ky t h u a t eao, ddng thdi, se d i n h r a c h i n h sach giup dd h o a n t h u e xua't k h d u cho cac s a n p h d m dai dien cho sfle s a n xua't t i e n t i e n va tfldng ddi cd flu t h e d t r o n g nflde
b) Dieu chinh danh muc vd pham vi han che hdng hod che xuat
T r e n cd sd c h u y e n doi n a n g cap h a n g boa gia cdng, che bien, k e t hdp vdi chinh sach h o a n t h u e xua't k h a u n a m 2008, tien h a n h xem xet cac c h u n g loai h a n g boa, t h u c h i e n t h u h e p d a n h muc b a n che cac loai h a n g hda gia cdng, che bien, ddng thdi, b u d n g long sfl b a n che ddi vdi viec gia cdng, b u d n b a n s a n p h a m cd h a m Ifldng ky t h u a t t a p t r u n g lao dgng eao, a n h hfldng mdi trfldng it nhfl h a n g det, may mac, dd ehdi v.v
c) Ndm vdng ty gid ddng Nhdn ddn te
T r d n g t i n h h i n h ty gia bdi doai t a n g qua n h a n h va t i n h h i n h k i n h te the gidi xao ddng nhfl h i e n nay, giai p h a p trfldc mdt la yeu cdu cac cd q u a n hflu q u a n t a n g cfldng n d m vflng n h i p t a n g giam cua ddng N h a n d a n te, tim mgi each tri ty gia d d n g N h a n d a n te ve cd b a n dn dinh Ddng thdi, n h a n h chdng hnan thien cd che hinh t h a n h ty gia hdi doai, md rdng mflc tha ndi di xud'ng n h d m t r a n h rui ro ve k h u n g h o a n g ty gia cac nflde p h a t trien, tao a n h hfldng xa'u cho cac doanh nghiep ngoai thfldng nflde
d) Chon thai cd nhap khdu sdn phdm ndng liidng vd nguyen lieu
Tfl t h a n g 7-2008 den nay, gia ca h a n g loat s a n p h a m t r e n the gidi da xua't hien xu hfldng giam Gia dau md da tudt xudng cdn k h o a n g 70 USD/thflng, giam tdi 50% Gia ca s a n p h a m thd n b u Ifldng thiic, kim loai m a u cflng d a n g xud'ng dd'c Day la cd hgi cung flng n a n g Ifldng va n g u y e n vat lieu k h a td't cho n g a n h n h a p k h a u eiia T r u n g Qud'c Do dd Chinh p h u CO the t h a n h lap cac td chflc n h u n g a n h , d o a n h nghiep, eO q u a n cd chflc n a n g lien q u a n h i n h t h a n h n h a n h chdng phfldng an n h a p k h a u thdng qua phfldng thflc k e t hdp gifla vice mua cua Nha nflde vdi viec ban n h a n dan, tao cd bdi t h u a n ldi dc"} nhiip nhflng viit tfl qui hiem (nhfl dau md, k h o a n g san, kim loai mau) thdi gian
2 Ve giiip dd d o a n h nghiep phat trien, n a n g cao k h a n a n g sang tao
a) De chinh sdcli Uu ddi cho doanh nghiep nho vd vita
Trfldc t i n h hinh khd k h a n linh vfle kinh doanh xua't k h a u bien cfla doanh nghiep nhd va vfla, cac n h a khoa hgc neu kien nghi: (1) N a n g cao ty le cho vay vdn ddi vdi cac d o a n h nghiep nhd va vfla; (2) Thflc hien che mien giam phfl hdp cac loai t h u e m a n g tinh c h a t h a n h c h i n h ddi vdi cac doanh n g h i e p x u a t k h a u san p h a m ky t h u a t cao; (3) Tinh t h u e t h u n h a p Uu dai ddi
(8)0 NGOC TOAN
vdi doanh nghiep xua't khau cd ty le lao ddng eao; (4) Thfldng tien va hoan tra thue doi vdi doanh nghiep xua't khau san pham ky t h u a t eao va tiet kiem nang Ifldng; (5) Ndi rdng qui md quan ly han ngach xua't khau, ddng thdi thong qua hinh thflc quang ba nhfl td chflc trien lam qud'c te de giflp dd doanh nghiep nhan dflde nhieu ddn dat hang
b) Mien giam thue doi vdi hoat dgng nghien cdu, sdng che khoa hgc cua doanh nghiep
Cdn phai kha'u trfl thue tfldng flng vdi mflc ehi chd viec doi mdi thiet bi, cai tien qui trinh cdng nghe cho doanh nghiep xua't khdu; giam bdt thue nhap khau thiet hi, trang hi ky thuat tien tien va san pham t n thflc hoac thflc hien bdi hoan cho doanh nghiep khoan cbi cho nhap khdu hang muc Thiic hien giam thu thue gia tri gia tang cho doanh nghiep xua't khau san pham phfl hdp trinh ky thuat cao cua nha nUdc Ngoai ra, cd the xem xet khong dUa vao pham vi nop thue doi vdi vdn dau tfl cho nghien cflu phat t n e n de khuyen khich doanh nghiep thdng qua cai tien ky thuat, nang cao gia tri gia tang cua san phdm, lam tang ldi nhuan va sfle canh tranh qudc te
c) Hodn thien chinh sach han ngachxuatkhdu
Hoan thien nhflng chinh sach cd lien quan bao gdm: xay dflng qui xua't khdu 26
cua doanh nghiep vfla va nhd de giup dd boat dgng xua't khau ciia doanh nghiep; md rdng che bao dam tin dung xuat khau de phan tan rui ro kinh doanh xua't k h a u cua doanh nghiep; xay dflng san thdng tin xua't khau, kip thdi thdng bao nhflng thdng tin cd lien qua ve hdi sua't, cung cdu, thi trfldng, san pham d ngoai nflde lam cho doanh nghiep kip thdi nam dflde dgng thai xua't nhap khau
3 Ve day manh hgp tac qudc te, tang cuong thuc lire canh tranh
a) Tdng ciidng hdp tdc mau dich trong khu vUc
Md rdng lien ket hdp tac ddn phUdng va da phfldng gifla cac qud'c gia xung quanh nhfl Nga, An Do, cac nflde ASEAN vdi cac dia khu va khu viie nUde, keu ggi xay dflng cd che mau dich hd trd lan va dn dinh pham vi khu vfle Ddng thdi, tich cflc van dung nguyen tac cua To chflc thfldng mai the gidi WTO flng phd vdi chu nghia bao bg mau dich cua cac nflde phat trien va kien toan cd che flng phd tranh cha'p mau dich qud'c te tren nguyen tdc "tang CUdng giao lUu qude te, ngan chan bao hg mau dich"
h) Thuc ddy cdc nUdc phdt trien md cita doi vdi sdn phdm xuat khdu ky thuat cao cua Trung Qudc
Tranh thu thdi cd kinh te cac nUdc phat trien nhU My, EU dang giam sut, sfle phat trien suy yeu, tich efle day manh cac cudc dam phan man dich ve
(9)san p h a m ky thuat cao va s a n p h a m tri thflc vdi n h i e u quo'c gia t r e n t h e gidi, ben c a n h dd, tich cflc t h u e day cac nflde p h a t t r i e n ndi long sfl b a n che ddi vdi x u a t k h a u s a n p h a m ky t h u a t eao cua T r u n g Quo'c
c) Ddy manh thUc hien chien liCdc "di ngodi"
K h u y e n k h i c h cac d o a n h n g h i e p cd Idn cd thflc Iflc m a n h d t r o n g nflde d a u tU xay dflng n h a m a y d nUde ngoai, thiic hien kinh d o a n h b a n dia boa; iing hd va giup dd cac d o a n h n g h i e p T r u n g Qud'c tiep n h a n n g h i e p vu dich vu k h o a n cdng trinh, n a n g eao ty t r g n g dich vu m a u dich Ddng thdi, d a y m a n h bdi dfldng dgi ngfl n h a n vien gidi ve c h u y e n mdn, tfl van va van h a n h giup cho d o a n h nghiep cac dfl a n m u a lai t a i s a n va k h o a n cdng t r i n h d ngoai nUdc
«
CHU THICH:
1 10 sii kien quo'c tendi bat ndm 2008, http://vtv.vnA^N/TrangChu/tintuc/CKX/ 2008/12/30/204650/
2 Michael Bristow, Khung hodng lan
tod den Trung Qudc, BBC New Bdc Kinh,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/regional news/star/2008/11/081113_china_crisis_sh tml
3, 7, 9, 10 Suy nghi ve sii phdt trien
khoa hgc cua ngogi thUdng Trung Quo'c,
bttp://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-12/02/conten_10445217.htm
4 Ty le suy thodi kinh te'My cao khoang
50%, Trung Qudc se khong phdi chiu anh hudng sau,
http://www.022net.com/2008/l-14/456441242218124.btmlngayl4-l-2008 5 Tinh hinh kinh te Trung Quoc thdng
ddu ndm 2008, -http://wwvv.trade
hocbiminhcitv.gov.vTi/data/ttth/2008/05-11-2008 0.67Q3614589447509.html
6 Tin mang Td'ng cue Hai quan,
thdng trUdc, tdng gid tri xuat nhap khdu nUdc ta gdn 2000 ty USD, xuat sieu mdu dich giam 2,6%, 13-10-2008,
b t t p ://news.xinb uanet.com/fortu ne/2008-10/13/content_10187292.htm
8, 17 Tin TTXVN, Chdu A: Toe tdng
trUdng kinh te giam ndm 2009,
TLTKDB 2-1-2009
11, Ldn ddu tien co mot thdng hdng
xua't khdu Trung Quoc vUdt My co phdi la
hien tUdng ngdu nhien?,
http://news.xinbuanet.com/overseas/2()i)6-09/22/content_5124929.btm
12, 14, 15 Khung hodng tdi chinh toan
cdu CO dnh hudng chu yeu ndo ddi vdi Trung Qudc, http://zhidao.baidu.coin/
question/80497485.html
13, 18 Phdn tich xu the mdu dich ddi
ngogi Trung Qudc ndm 2008 vd trien vgng ndm 2009, http://www.china.com.cn/
economic/txt/2009- 01/12/content_l 7093971„ 2.htm
16 Mdu dich Qudng Dong ldn ddu tien
xua't hien giam sut, http://jm.ec.coni.cn/
article/jmtjsj/200812/676941_l.btml, ngayl7-12-2008
http://vtv.vnA^N/TrangChu/tintuc/CKX/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/regional http://www.022net.com/2008/l-14/456441242218124.btmlngayl4-l-2008 -http://wwvv.trade uanet.com/fortu ne/2008 http://news.xinbuanet.com/overseas/2()i)6-09/22/content_5124929.btm http://zhidao.baidu.coin/ http://www.china.com.cn/ http://jm.ec.coni.cn/