Ảnh tư liệu Sinh học 12

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses an enzyme known as polymerase to rapidly multiply a small fragment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—a double-stranded, ladderlike molecule that carries[r]

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DNA Strands

Therapy

Gene therapy may one day be used to treat, cure, or prevent a variety of genetic disorders In gene therapy, a type of virus known as a retrovirus is used to replace a defective gene in cells with a new,

healthy gene Scientists insert the healthy gene into the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the retroviruses These retroviruses are mixed with cells taken from a patient and cultured in a laboratory The retroviruses insert the healthy gene in to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the cells The cells

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Restriction Enzymes

NHỮNG HÌNH ẢNH SINH VẬT BỊ ĐỘT BIẾN GEN (sưu tầm)

Bò chân Cá đầu hai

mình

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Ếch chân Cá chép 100

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Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering enables scientists to produce clones of cells or organisms that contain the same genes Scientists use restriction enzymes to isolate a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that

contains a gene of interest—for example, the gene regulating insulin production A plasmid extracted from a bacterium and treated with the same restriction enzyme can hybridize with this fragment’s “sticky” ends of complementary DNA The hybrid plasmid is reincorporated into the bacterium, where it replicates as part of the cell’s DNA A large number of identical daughter cells

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Polymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses an enzyme known as polymerase to rapidly multiply a small fragment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—a double-stranded, ladderlike molecule that carries the hereditary material in all living things Each cycle of PCR consists of three phases In the first phase,

denaturation, the DNA is heated to cause its two linked strands to separate In the second phase, annealing, the temperature of the mixture is lowered to allow primers—starter pieces of DNA—to bind to the separated DNA In the third phase, polymerization, the temperature is raised to allow the polymerase enzyme to rapidly copy the DNA Each PCR cycle duplicates the existing DNA, so over

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Life Cycle of an Alga

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Ribosomes

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Structure and Function of an Enzyme

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Exoskeleton of a Goliath Beetle

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Cardiac Muscle

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Connective Cell Tissues

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Epithelial Cell

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