Nghiên cứu phân vùng chất lượng nước các kênh rạch thành phố long xuyên theo chỉ số WQI

TRlTCJNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRlTOOVG NGUYEN CANHNGO NGHIEN CUtJ PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlT6c CAC KENH RACH THANH PHO LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI TRL^6NG DAI HOC AN GIANIO KHOA LU^N TOT NGHIEP GVHD: Ths Tr3n Ngoc Chau An Giang, 05/2013 Khoa luan tot nghiep LOI CAM ON Em xin duac gui lai cam cm chan din: Cac My co giao Bo mon Moi tnrong va Phat trien Bin vung, Khoa Ky thuat Cong nghe - Moi tnrdng, trirbmg Bai hoc An Giang da tan tinh day bao va giup d& em thai gian qua Co Tran Ngpc Chau la giao vien da het long hudmg dan em suot qua trinh thuc hien dl tai khoa luan t6t nghiep Thay Nguyen Trung Thanh - BQL Phong thi hghiem trurang Bai hoc An Giang va cac thay co khu Trung tam thi nghiem truong Bai hoc An Giang da tao dieu kien tot cho em thai gian phan tich tai phong thi nghiem de hoan bai khoa luan ciia minh Thay Nguyln Thanh Hung va co Nguyin Thi H6ng Nhat thai gian qua da tan tinh chi dan cung nhu tra lai nhirng thac mac cua em luc phan tich thi nghiem Cac ban cung lam khoa luan cua lap BH10MT da h tra em rdt nhilu dl co thi hoan cong viec phan tich cua minh mot each tit nhSt Em xin chan cam on! Sinh vien thu-c hien Nguyen Canh Ngo SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Tr&n Ngpc Chau Khoa lugn tot nghiep TRlrffNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRU^NG Be tai: NGHIEN CUTJ PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlTOC CAC KENH RACH THANH PHO LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HlTONG DAN Sinh vien thirc hien de tai: Nguyen Canh Ngo Lai nhan xet ciia giang vien huang dan: LongXuyen, j^-thang Q^nam 2013 GVHD SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Tran Ngoc Chau Khoa ludn tot nghiep TRUOTVG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRlTONG BS tai: NGHIEN CUH PHAN VUNG CHAT LUONG NU"CIC CAC KENH RACH THANH PHO LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN Sinh vien thurc hien dk tai: Nguyln Canh Ngo Lot nhan xet cua giang vien phan bien: LongXuyen, thang nam 2013 GVPB ^ SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chdu Khoa ludn tot nghiep TRlTdNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - B6 tai: NGHIEN CLTU PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlTdC CAC KENH RACH THANH PH6 LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN Sinh vien thuc hien de tai: Nguyen Canh Ngp Lai nhan xet ciia giang vien phan bien: LongXuyen, '^thang 5Tnam 2013 GVPB SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chdu Khoa Ivan tot nghiep TOM TAT Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen nSm v phia ngudn song Hau thupc khu vuc tinh An Giang Vdi he thong song ngdi chin chit, vi thd tai nguyen nude nai day rdt phong phii Tuy nhien, ngudn nude kenh rach khu vuc noi TP Long Xuyen cang bi suy giam ve chat lugng, phai tiep nhan nhung ngudn nude thai nhu: sinh hoat, chg, quan an, nha hang, khach san, nong nghiep Vi vay ma viec quan ly chat luong nude nai day rat can thiet Hien nay, de quan ly chat lugng nude khu vuc noi TP Long Xuyen'da su dung nhieu bien phap khac Va de tai da ap dung phan mem Arcview ,3.2a de phan vung chat lugng nude kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen dua vao chi so chat lugng nude WQI Vdi phuang phap nay, d^ tai tifin hanh phan vung ch^t lugng nude kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen theo dot trieu cudng va trieu kiet vao mua kho nam 2013 K^t qua phfin ldn cac doan kenh &ba cd chi s6 WQI thupc muc (51-75) phu hop cho nhu cau su dung nude vdi muc dich tudi tieu Trong do, vao trieu cudng doan kenh tu song Hau d^n c^u Quay (K4) cd chi s6 WQI cao nhfit (77) phu hgp cho muc dich dp nude sinh hoat, doan kenh Muong Khai (K8) vdi WQI thap nhat (52), chat lugng nude nai day chi phu hgp cho muc dich giao thong " thuy Ngoai ra, doan kenh K4 cd chi so WQI cao nhat ca hai dot trieu, ngugc lai doan kenh K8 van mang gia tri WQI thap nhat Nhin chung, chat lugng nude ctia cac kenh rach chu yeu de phuc vu cho muc dich tudi tieu Be quan ly chat lugng nude ben vung can phai quan tam nhieu han ve viec quan ly chat lugng nude mat nhu quy hoach nguon nude, du bao chat lugng nude hay ap dung mo hinh hda de danh gia dien bien chat lugng nude mat kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen can dugc thuc hien tiep theo SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Tran Ngoc Chau Khoa luqn tot nghiep ABSTRACT Long Xuyen city is located downstream Hau river of An Giang province It's where has a covered river system, so the water source is so rich However, the water from the branches in area is reduced quality, since they are been full of the wastewater sources such as: domestic, market, restaurant, hotel, agriculture Accordingly, the water quality management is necessary Nowaday, there are many methods to manage the branch water quality And this particular study applied 3.2a Arcview software in order to region the water quality of branches in Long Xuyen city by water quality index WQI on high tide and low tide, in dry season 2013 Most of water quality index WQI results are in level (51-75) for irrigation supply water needs Beside, at high tide the branch from Hau river to Quay bridge (K4) has the highest water quality index (77), suitable for the needs of domestic supply water; the branch has the lowest water quality index is Muong Khai (K8) (WQI=52), water quality in this area is in accordance with the transportation However, K4 branch where has the highest water quality index WQI and K8 area has the lowest water quality index WQI in both high tide and low tide In summary, the water quality of the branches in the area to serve irrigation purposes The more water quality is sustainable, the more we interested the management of surface water quality such as water sources planning, water quality forecasting or applying models to assess water quality in Long Xuyen city area be done after that SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD; Ths TranNgoc Chdu Khoa ludn tot nghiep MUC LUC MUC LUCi DANH SACH HINHiv DANH SACH BANGvii DANH MUC CHU* VIET TATviii CHUONG 1: GlOl THIEU1 CHUONG 2: LUOC KHAO TAl LIEU2 2.1.T5ng quan vi Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen2 2.2.Tong quan ve tai nguyen nude6 2.2.1 Vai tro cuanudc doi vdi ddi song ngudi " 2.2.2 Sir phan b6 va tieu thu nude tren Trai Bit., 2.2.3 Cac nguon gay nhiem nude matkenh rach noi thi9 2.3.Chi sfi ch^t luong moi trudng (WQI)11 2.3.1.KhainiemvdWQI11 2.3.2.Muc dlch ciia viec su dung WQI11 2.3.3.Cac yeu cSu ddi vdi viec tinh toan WQI11 2.3.4.Thuthap, tap hap so lieu quan trac^11 2.3.5.Quy trinh tinh toan va su dung WQI danh gia chat lugng moi truong nude mat luc dia12 2.3.6.Cach tinh toan WQI'.12 2.4.U"ng dung GIS phan viing khu vuc nhiem15 2.5.Dien bien chat luffng nude mat kenh rach noi dong TP Long Xuyen tu nam 2010 - 201221 CHUONG 3: NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU29 3.1.D6i tuang nghien cuu29 3.2.Thdi gian nghien cuu,29 3.3.Muc tieu nghien cuu29 3.4.Noi dung nghien cuu29 SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngoi GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau Khda ludn tot nghiep 3.5.Phirong tien va vat lieu nghien cuu29 3.6.Phuottg phap nghien ciru30 3.6.1.Phnang phap thu thap tai lieu va khao sat thirc tS:30 3.6.2.Phuong phap thumiiu31 3.6.3.Phucmgphap phan tichmau33 3.6.4.Phirong phap tinh toan chi s6 chat lupng nude (WQI)34 3.6.5.Phuong phap so hoa ban phan vung nhiem chat luong nude37 3.6.6.Phuong phap tong hop, so sanh va danh gia ket qua40 CHUONG 4: KET QUA THAO LUAN41 4.1 Danh gia hien trang chat Iunng nude mat kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201341 4.1.1.KSt qua nhiet dp nuoc mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201341 4.1.2.Ket qua gia tri pH nuoc mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201342 4.1.3.Ket qua dp due nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201343 4.1.4.Ket qua ham luong TSS nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201344 4.1.5.Ket qua nong dp oxy hoa tan (DO) nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201345 4.1.6.K6t qua ndng dp BOD5 nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao muakho nam 201346 4.1.7.K^t qua n6ng dp COD nude mat kdnh rach npi TP Long Xuy^n vao muakho nam 201347 4.1.8.Kdt qua nong dp N-NH4+ nude mat kdnh rach npi TP Long Xuydn vao mua kho nam 201348 4.1.9.Ket qua n6ng dp P-PO43" nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao miia kho nam 201349 4.1.10.K^t qua mat dp Coliform nude mat kenh rach npi TP Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201350 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu Khoa luqn tot nghiep 4.2.Bank gia chat luung nude mat kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen vao miia kho nam 2013 bang chi so chat luong nude WQI theo Quyit djnh s6 879/QD - TCMT nam 201150 4.2.1.Danh gia chi s6 WQI vao luc triiu cudng mua kho nam 201350 4.2.2.Danh gia chi s6 WQI vao luc triiu kiet mha kho nam 201353 4.2.3.So sanh chat lirong nude luc tri6u cudng va tri^u kiet mua kho nam 2013 thong qua chi s6 chit lugng nude WQI theo Quygt dinh 879/QD - TCMT55 4.3.Phan vung.chat luong nude kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen.^57 4.3.1.Xay dung co sd du lieu cho phan vung chat luong nude kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen57 4.3.2.S6 hda ban dd kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen60 4.3.3.Ket qua phan vung chat luong nude kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen 67 CHLTONG 5: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI73 5.1.Kit luan73 5.2.Kiin nghi73 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO74 PHU LUC 1i:.^75 PHU LUC 280 PHU LUC 383 PHU LUC 490 PHU LUC 597 PHU LUC 699 PHU LUC 7101 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau Khoa ludn tot nghiep [ K7 100 ' '45,11 41,5 60,7 9"2,'5 K8 [,'K9 100 100 40,0 72,6 78,8 45,0 100,0 9,32 14,74 '73,3 '" 60,0 38,50" ^87,50" ' 10,66 100 62,50 i.oo^ |6o,ocT '96,3 * 68,3 '100 | - Gia tri chi so WQI thong so cua vi tri tucmg ting vai doan kenh khao sat vao liic trieu kiet Bang PL 3.4: Gia tri WQI thong sd cua cdc kenh rack npi TP Long Xuyen vao luc trieu Met mua kho nam 2013 Ky COD N-NH4+ 30,31 , 37,5 " 88,5' 77,5 95,0 42,50 85,00 100" 21,58 70,00 100 24,28 82,50 100 38,50 87,50 100 ~ "22^747 \77^50 ~" ;ioo TSS DO K2 100 17,10 37,5 78,1 76,3 66,7 K3 ' 100 30,08, 35,6 ,75,6 ^^80,0 68.3 K4 100 K5 • "ioo" 65,33 37,5 86,9 "i2,36 ' 4\J '77^9" 80,0 73,3 K6 100 37,57 37,5 67,3 76,3 K7 ' '100 40,69 41,5 60,5 86,3 100 1,00 35,0 64,5 74,2 K8 P- BODS due * 100- Kl f Do PH hieu "~ioo~ •41,5 91,2 85,0 90,0 ~66,7 60,0 47,5 53,3 • PO43 Coliform 24,64 82,50 100 21,46 90,00 160 20,80 95,00 100 "^o^qp" 160 " 19,12~ Tinh toan WQI tong Sau tinh toan WQI d6i vai tung thong s6, viec tinh toan WQI duac dp dung theo cong thiic sau: -^^Q/aX-^W^/^XWQI, a=l6=1 Trong do: + WQIa: Gia tri WQI da tinh toan d6i vai 05 thong so: DO, BOD5, COD, P-PO|~, N-NH^ + WQIb: Gia tri WQI da tinh toan doi vai 02 thong s6: TSS, due + WQIC: Gia tri WQI da tinh toan d6i vdi thong s6 T6ng Coliform SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngp GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chdu 88 Khoa ludn tot nghiip + WQIpH: Gia tri WQI da tinh toan doi von thong s6 pH Ghi chit: Gia tri WQI sau tinh toan se dugc lam tron so nguyen Do do: WQI^K1) = jjj-j [^ (100 + 95 + 100 + 43,5 + 85) x i (45 + 53,68) X lOo] O WQIiKV) = 75 Tuong tu tinh WQI cho cac vi tri khac Vay, ket qua chi so chat lucmg nuac WQI ciia vi tri quan trac tuong ung vdi doan kenh nhu sau: Bang PL 3.5: KSt qua WQI long cua cac kenh rach noi TP Long Xuyen vao miia kho nam 2013 Ky hieu I i • , Kl K2 WQI trilu kiet WQI triu cucmg ,- L 75-' ' '• ,;, -' " ' 62 -64'-' "•• ! 55 %: ^_•_• •-•6q'\ K4 77 ;• ^ili 73 , ,74 T~ - ; -7^~~^n~^ " t K6 K8 r " K9 71 ] ! 62 52 " '" ' ,' 5? > " ~ i , ' -1 46 ;' - •'""'• •"' 54 '"l - SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo89 GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chau Khoa lugn tdt nghiep PHV LyC BAN BO PHAN VUNG GIA TRJ WQI THONG S6 KENH RACH NOI6 THANH PHO LONG XUYEN Phu l^e 4.1 Gia tri WQI thong s6 d$ due BAN BO PHAN VUNG GIA TRj WQI THONG SO DO BUC VAO LUC TRI^U CU'ONG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN BO PHAN VUNG GIA TRI WQI THONG S6 BQ >yC VAO LUC TRlU KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinh PL 4.1: Ban phdn viing gid tri WQI thong so due vdo luc triiu cudng (a) vd trieu kiet (b) kenh rach not TP LongXuyen miia kho ndm 2013 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu 90 Khoa ludn tot nghiep Phu luc 4.2 Gia tri WQI thong so TSS BAN B6 PHAN VUNG GIA TRj WQI THONG SO TSS VAO LUC TRI^U CUONG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN B6 PHAN VUNG GlA TR| WQI THONG SO TSS VAO LUC TRlU KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinh PL 4.2: Ban dd phdn vitng gid tri WQI thong so TSS vao luc triiu cumg (a) vd triiu Met (b) kenh rack nqi TP LongXuyen mua Mho nam 2013 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu 91 Khoa ludn tot nghiep Phu luc 4.3 Gia tri WQI th6ng so DO BAN B6 PHAN VClNG GIA TR| WQI THONG SO DO VAO LUC TRlEU CITONG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN BO PHAN VUNG GlA TRj WQI THONG SO DO VAO LUC TRlEU KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinh PL 4.3: Ban tfdphdn viinggid tri WQI thong s6 DO vdo luc triiu cucmg (a) vd trieu kiet (b) kenh rach noi TP LongXuyen miia kho nam 2013 SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu 92 Khoa ludn tot nghiep Phu lye 4.4 Gia tri WQI thong so BOD5 BAN B6 PHAN VClNG GIA TRj WQI THONG SO BOD5 VAO LUC TRiEU CITONG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN B6 PHAN VUNG GIA TR| WQI THONG SG BOD5 VAO LUC TRl^^U KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Wnh PL 4.4: Ban dophdn viinggid tri WQI thong so BODs vdo lite trieu cuang (a) vd trieu Met (b) kenh rach noi TP LongXuyen mita kho nam 2013 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu 93 Khoa ludn tdt nghiep Ph^ lijc 4.5 Gia tri WQI thSng so COD bAn b6 phan vCing giA trj wqi thong s6 cod vao luc trl^u cu-ong mua kho nam 2013 (a) bAn dG phAn vCing gia trj wqi thong s6 cod VAO LUC TRl^^U KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinli PL 4.5: Ban dophdn viinggid tri WQI thong so COD vdo luc trieu cuang (a) vd triiu kiet (b) kenh rack noi TP LongXuyen mita kho ndm 2013 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TranNgoc Chdu 94 Khoa litqn tdt nghiep Phu luc 4.6 Gia tri WQI thong s6 N-Ntt,+ BAN B6 PHAN VUNG GIA TRI WQI THONG S6 N-NH^ VAO LUC TRlEU CUONG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN B6 PHAN VUNG GlA TR| WQI THONG S6 N-NH4* VAO LUC TRl^^U KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinh PL 4.6: Ban dophdn vunggid tri WQI thong so N-NH4+ vao luc triiu cuang (a) va triiu ki$t (b) kenh rack noi TP LongXuyen mua kho nam 2013 SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TranNgoc Chdu 95 Khoa ludn tot nghiep Phu luc 4.7 Gia tri WQI thong so P-PO,3 BAN O6 PHAN VClNG GIA TR| WQI THONG S6 P-PO43" VAO LUC TRl^^U CU'dNG MUA KHO NAM 2013 (a) BAN B6 PHAN VLJNG GIA TRj WQI THONG SO P-PO43VAO LUC TRlU KIET MUA KHO NAM 2013 (b) Hinh PL 4.7: Ban dophdn viinggid tri WQI thong so P-POt vao luc trieu cuong (a) vd triiu kiet (b) kenh rach n$i TP LongXuyen niua kho ndm 2013 SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu 96 Khoa ludn tot nghiep PHU LUC CAC THONG SO QUAN TRAC CHAT LlTONG Nl/OC KENH RACH NOI DONG TP LONG XUYEN NAM 2010 - 2012 - Thong so quan trac chat lugng nuac mat kenh rach noi dong TP Long Xuyen nam 2010: Bang PL 5.1: Gid tri trung blnh cua cdc thong so chi tieu chat luang nuac mat kenh rach noi dong khu vuc TP Long Xuyen ndm 2010 GIA TRI TRUNG BINH NAM 2010 Ky hieu NM1 [NM2 PH TSS DO (mg/1) (mg/1) 67 6,47 NM3 7,19 |NM4 7,06 NM5 6,92 •• COD (mg/1) BOD5 (rag/1) 4,55 '"' N-NO3- P-PO43 Coliform (mg/1) (mg/I) (MPN/lOOml) 10 0,012 0,016 5850 • r0,044 0,014 9250 i 0,02 6L 5,37 -3 47 4,60 3,5 0,043 79 "4,34 ,' 10 0,012 : 0,027" 73 5,48 3,5 0,021 0,009 " 2900 , - 2900 ] 6550 (Ngudn: Phong TN&MTTP LongXuyen, 2010) - Thong so quan trac chat luang nuac mat kenh rach noi dong TP Long Xuyen nam 2011: Bang PL 5.2: Gid iri trung binh cua cdc thong so chi tieu chat luang nuac mat kenh rach noi dong.khu vuc TP LongXuyen nam 2011 GIA TRI TRUNG BINH NAM 2011 DO TSS (mg/1) (mg/I) hieu PH NM1 6,65 56 6,74 ' 56 [NM2 NM3 6,91 P-PO43" Coliform (mg/1) (mg/I) (MPN/lOOml) 17 11 0,026 0,057 12 ,0,072 0,065 " 8000j 12 0,221 0,084 23450 15 •0,136 -0,154 0,089 0,066 4,51 13 66 2,71 6,94 79 ' 3,1''" NM5 7,06 42 4,28 [NM4 N-NO3" (mg/1) COD (mg/1) BOD5 '' 8,5 ' iri,5 ,' 6500 16650 (Ngudn: Phong TN&MT TP LongXuyen, 2010) SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chdu 97 Khoa ludn tot nghiep - Thong so quan trac chat hrqng nude mat kenh rach noi dong TP Long Xuyennam2012: Bang PL 5.3: Gid tri trung binh ciia cdc thong so chi tieu chat luang nude mat kenh rach noi dong khu vuc TP LongXuyen nam 2012 GIA TRI TRUNG BINH NAM 2012 Ky hieu PH TSS DO (mg/1) (mg/1) NM1 6,99 67 [NM2 6,91 - ' ,73 NM3 6,91 27 •NM4 6,92 NM5 6,83 - '.51 29 5,66 ~w 4,75 ' 4,91 " 5,4 BOD5 COD N-NO3" P-PO43" Coliform (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1) (MPN/lOOml) 7,3 10 -8,7 •-*1 m3 • 0,167 0,061 "0,187