Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 1 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2 Taking the TOEIC 2
Pre-Intermediate Level Taking the Skills and Strategies File audio AudioTakingtheTOEICI https://drive.google.eom/file/d/1UDw8kDvnJWZrL4fps1H-_vAfzebegLhA/view Pgggy Anderson Mary Katherine Chadwick Wendi Shin 4- + t + t t ' I’ + + + + Ị-+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + ++ ++ + 4- + + + + + + + + + + + + + ' 4 4- F + + I-+ +4-++ + ++ ++ + ++ ++ + ++ , , , , + , +ị , ị , , + + + ị+ ++ I- I _4_^M-4_4_4_J_j_+J_4_J_4 i_4_+jL_j1+ 4- + + + + + + + X + + + + ++ + + + + +4 |—Ị- ■ I i -Ị■: Iị I ! Introduction Listening Practice Part Photographs Theme Notes Mini-Tests Part Questions and Responses Theme Notes Mini-Tests Part Short Conversations Theme Notes Mini-Tests Part Short talks Theme Notes - Mini-Tests Chapter •••• •••• Grammar Practice Pronouns Grammar Notes 64 Parts & 6; Mini-Tests 66 Tenses Grammar Notes 70 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 72 Agreement Grammar Notes 76 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 78 Voice Grammar Notes 82 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 84 Modification Grammar Notes 88 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 90 94 Review Test T* I f ~t~ -r i Hi + + + + + ■+■.+ ■ ■ ’ ■1" I \ I ị ! Ị Ị Ị 1-4L——J——L J—Li Contents Chapter '+t - + + + +■ Infinitives and Gerunds Grammar Notes 98 Parts & 6ỉ Mini-Tests 100 Participles and Participle Clauses Grammar Notes 104 Parts & 6; Mini-Tests 106 Conjunctions and Prepositions Grammar Notes 110 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 10 112 Comparisons Grammar Notes 116 Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 118 Relative Clauses 122 Grammar Notes Parts & 6: Mini-Tests 128 Review Test 132 Final Test Chapter Reading Practice Part Reading Comprehension Theme Notes 142 Mini-Tests Chapter Practice Test Listening Test 196 Reading Test ••••• 208 Transcripts & Answer Key + + 4- +++-I +++ I - Pull-out Booklet I Ị ■ I ■ị ị ■_!_ j I I Ị I I I 44_ 4' I ; 4 4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-’4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4/4-4-4-4-' 4-i 4-4-4-+ ■ ’ '4 ■ 4" 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4~ 4- 4~ + 4" 4- 4" ỉ Introduction L What is Taking the TOEIC® Second edition? Taking the TOEIC® is a comprehensive guide to taking the TOEIC® Listening and Reading Test This book can be used as the perfect companion manual for self-learners or as a classroom text The book is targeted for those who have experience with the TOEIC® test but are looking to improve their basic TOEIC® skills, fix commonlymade errors, and polish their English grammar to avoid simple mistakes This book is made up of four chapters: three go over each section of the test in detail, and one is a practice test Chapter Parts 1-4 (Listening Practice) Each unit within the Listening Practice chapter features sample questions and answers and provides helpful hints for developing strategies to recognize relevant information in listening passages Part introduces common themes featured in Part of the TOEIC®, such as the home, the workplace, and public places Part focuses on the most common question types and provides assistance in identifying appropriate answers for each type Parts and give sample short conversations and talks and focus on how to identify key points in order to answer questions Each part features mini-tests to provide practice of the strategies introduced in this chapter Chapter Parts and (Grammar Practice) Lessons within the Grammar Practice chapter outline fundamental grammar points frequently tested on the TOEIC® Each lesson begins with a brief explanation of the grammar target including key points and particular structures of interest in theTOEIC®.The lessons also provide exercises based on the format ofTOEIC® grammar questions, which allow students to practice their understanding of the grammar points These exercises include vocabulary comprehension, sentence completion, and grammar exercises Additional practice is provided in mini-tests at the end of each lesson These mini-tests use the format of questions found in Parts and of the TOEIC®, combining grammar and vocabulary practice After five lessons, students may measure their progress with review tests There is also a cumulative final test at the end of the chapter Chapter Part (Reading Practice) The Reading Practice chapter introduces sample texts to familiarize students with the kinds of materials they will encounter on the TOEIC®—such as emails, letters, brochures, tables, chat room excerpts, text messages, articles, and reports—together with examples of the kinds of questions students may expect to find in this part of the test The mini-tests provide extensive test practice using the format of questions found in Part of the TOEIC® Chapter Practice Test The Practice Test chapter provides students with a full-length test including 100 listening test questions and 100 reading test questions An answer key and MP3 files are provided for all the test questions For the listening sections, transcriptions of all passages and questions are available, as well as explanations for Part & questions There is also an accompanying application for this book The app will enhance the learning experience by providing more customized practice for students This will allow students to truly focus on their areas of weakness The simplified grammar and theme-based texts of Taking the TOEIC® provide pre-intermediate to intermediate students with access toTOEIC® practice materials appropriate for building their test-taking skills without the frustration of encountering overly complicated vocabulary and grammar structures Taking theTOEIC®bưi\ứs an excellent foundation for students starting preparation for the TOEIC® test ii Why Taking the TOEIC® Second edition? The second edition of this series is meant to reflect the recent changes made to the TOEIC® in 2016 Therefore, students of this book will have access to the most up-to-date question formats This series supplies plenty of examples of the new question types to prepare students thoroughly for these changes However, besides focusing on the new question types, we have also selected the most common themes and questions found on the test Each and every question in this book was written by native English speakers who have years of experience with the TOEIC test, bringing you a native speaker's tips and tricks to achieving a high score on this test Taking the TOEIC® Second Edition also introduces a brand-new feature—the Taking the TOEIC® mobile application—to help students study better for the TOEIC® Key Features of the Book Words & Expressions ZlUords & Expressions / Each part of Taking the TOEIC® includes a ■ counter ■ decorations Words & Expressions section which • flower arrangement highlights vocabulary and expressions • kitchen appliances that are common in that part of the test ■ lamp • sofa/couch ■ to be stored Tips are presented throughout the book to provide learners with quick tips and shortcuts to solve difficult questions that frequently confuse test takers Answers that express uncertainty are very common Expect answers like these: "Let me check the schedule." "It's been here all day." "I'm not sure." What to Listen for/What to look for What to look for What to listen for At a doc - Who will attend this meeting? Sharehc - Why has the man come? To ream - What will happen at the meeting? - What will the man probably do? Come b - What is the purpose of this letter? Votina c To enco - Where is the conversation taking place? In some sections of the book that deal with longer and more complicated passages, you will see What to listen for or What to look for sections under sample passages These help students familiarize themselves with possible questions that might come up for that passage as well as what to look for in a correct answer to these questions + 4+4444+44 + ++ + + + + + + + + 444444444+ + + +++++++++++++++++++++ 4- + 444+1 + + + + + + + + + + + + +4 + 4 + + + -í- + + + + + 4' + 4 444444444444 + + + i ■ -I■ ■ I ■ I • i Í - II + +-444 + + ■■■I " + ++ T- 44444444 •+■ 4 + + + 444444 + I : I I ‘ -I- + + + + + + + + + + I I- I I H Theme & Grammar Notes , Theme Notes Look at the pictures below Mark X or / in the boxes At the beginning of Parts to and Answer Key p.19 7, Theme Notes present the reader A House with sample questions and passages that are most common in o Two women are planting some herbs, o Two women are watering some plants that part of the test (Grammar Notes Present: Simple, Progressive, and Perfect In Parts & 6, Grammar Notes A Use the present simple for routines, habits, or things that are always true The J the time adverbs every week, usually, regularly, always, generally, often, and freqt present important grammar points and explanations with examples to B Use the present progressive (am/are/is + ingi for an unfinished action It often illustrate each point, as these parts now, currently, presently, at the moment, and right now c Use the present perfect (have/has + past participle) for a situation in which thii past have a result in the present The present perfect often goes with just, notyi time, second time, this week, and so far focus on the test taker's knowledge of grammar The grammar notes you find here are about the most common grammar questions on the • He takes the subway to work every day (regular activity) TOEIC® and are absolutely essential • I usually go to the gym in the morning • He is attending a meeting, (right now) for students to learn • I'm currently watching a movie at the moment Can I call you back? • They have scheduled the meeting for next Thursday Mini-Tests Following each part, students will be given mini-tests with lots of practice questions that can be answered using the new Taking the TOEIC® app Students can send their answers to their „ Mini-Test Listen to the questions and choose the best answer A Questions with an Interrogative teacher, who can see in real-time how well students understand the material 21 0?® o2® (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C) ị + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ị+ + + + + + 4- ++ + + +■ + + + + + 4- + + + + + + + + ++ 4- 4- + + -I- ++++++ ị ị ị + 4- +-Ị I + + + + + 4- 4- 4- 4- + 4- 4- + + 4- + + + + + 4- 4 ì ■ I ị- 4” 4- + + + + I 4- + 4- + + + + + + + + + + 4- h + + + ■+- 4Ị + ị + 4-4- + + ++++++++ Ị- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- + + 4- 4“ + 4- + + 4- 4- 4- + 4 í- + 4- + + 4- f- + +■ 4- + + + + 4' + 4- + + + 4- + + + 4- + New Compass TOEIC® App Throughout the book, students will see an App icon accompanying the MP3 number Those studying with Taking the TOEIC® will have access to a new Classroom Response Application, enhancing their learning experience This application will improve students'scores much more drastically than the traditional method of only using a book App Features For classroom users: Teachers can create an interactive classroom using this book by having students answer questions in real-time Answers are delivered instantly to the teacher, showing them exactly where students are struggling and excelling This allows teachers to target their students'weaknesses Teachers can choose topics based on the areas that they would like to work on The application will provide questions based on that question type to drill students Teachers have complete control over the type and number of questions they use These questions are delivered to the student's smartphone/tablet/PC, and answers will then be reported back to the teacher On the teacher's website, teachers will be able to view and print out individual student records or entire class reports For self-study users: Self-study users may use the app to access the MP3s The students will also be able to use this app to gauge how well they are doing by using the question database and practice lots of different questions, focusing on parts they frequently get wrong Students can figure out which parts they need to work on by checking their scores on the student website How to get the app: Google Play Store: "Classloop" Apple App Store: "Classloop" Website Features (www.classloop.net) Through the website, teachers and students can view detailed reports of their results and progress as they use Taking the TOEIC® The site gives recommendations about areas for improvement and additional practice questions In addition, teachers can make customized TOEIC tests from an available pool of question Hi 2016 NewTOEIC® - Changes and Updates Educational Testing Service (ETS) created the TOEIC® test in order to gauge how well some people speak English As more and more people are becoming familiar with the test, there is a push to further challenge test takers while maintaining the general difficulty of the test In 2016, the TOEIC® underwent changes to its questions and question types while maintaining the original set-up of theTOEIC®.The scoring system of the test has also remained the same Changes to the test include: Listening Section (Parts 1-4) Question Changes Task Question No Part 1: Photographs Listen and choose the best description of the picture provided Number of questions changed (10 -»6) Part 2: Questions and Responses Listen and choose the best response to the question or statement provided 25 Number of questions changed (30 -> 25) Part Number of questions changed (30 > 39) Conversations now may include three speakers Part 3: Short Conversations Listen to a short conversation and answer comprehension questions based on the conversation Two new question types introduced: 39 (13 Conversations) Implication question - Questions that refer to a direct quote from the conversation and question their meaning (often not literal) Graphic question - A simple graphic is provided in relation to the conversation, which must be used to answer a question Two new question types introduced: Part 4: Short Talks Listen to a short talk and answer comprehension questions based on the talk 30 (lOTalks) Implication question - Questions that refer to a direct quote from the talk and question their meaning (often not literal) Graphic question - A simple graphic is provided in relation to the talk, which must be used to answer a question Reading Section (Parts 5-7) Part Task Part 5: Incomplete Sentences Choose the best word or phrase to fill the blank Part 6: Text Completion Choose the best word, phrase, or sentence to fill the blank Part 7: Reading Comprehension Read the provided passage(s) and answer questions based on the passage(s) Question No 30 16 (4 passages) 54 (10 Single Passages Double Passages Triple Passages) Question Changes Number of questions changed (40 -»30) Number of questions changed (12 -> 16) (Each passage contains questions) New question type Introduced: Choosing the sentence that best fits the text Two new text types have been added: Excerpts from online chats Text messages A new question type has been added: Find the best position for the provided sentence Triple passage sets have been added Among these physical changes to the questions and passages, more diverse accents will be used in the recordings, such as American, Canadian, British, and Australian accents Also, more colloquial use of the language, such as "wanna" instead of "want to" or "gonna" instead of "going to" are included in the listening passages 10 ỈVo Sample Lesson Plans These sample lesson plans are designed to have those preparing for theTOEIC® work on both listening and reading skills side by side over a 16-week period These syllabi are suitable for both classroom instruction and self-study It can also be adjusted based on areas of strength or weakness Lesson Plan A Listening Comprehension Week Reading Comprehension Part House, Workplace (p 14, pp 16-23) Parts 5&6 Pronouns (pp 64-69) Part Businesses, Other Public Places (p 15, pp 24-31) Parts 5&6 Tenses (pp 70-75) Part Questions with an Interrogative (p 32, 36) Parts 5&6 Agreement (pp 76-81) Part Questions with No Interrogative (p 33,36) Parts 5&6 Voice (pp 82-87) Part Other Types of Questions (p 34, 37) Parts 5&6 Modification, Review Test (pp 88-97) Part Office Talk (p 38, pp 40-41) Parts 5&6 Infinitives and Gerunds (pp 98-103) Part Workplace Dilemmas (p 38, pp 42-43) Parts 5&6 Participles and Participle Clauses (pp 104-109) Midterm Exam Part Staffing Changes (p 39, pp 44-45) Parts 5&6 Conjunctions and Prepositions, Comparison (pp 110-121) 10 Part Daily Life (p 39, pp 46-47) Parts 5&6 Relative Clauses, Review Test (pp 122-131) 11 Part Travel (p 39, pp 48-49) Part E-mails and Letters (p 138, pp 142-151) 12 Part Office Announcements 1,2 (p 50, pp 54-55) Part Advertisements (p 138, pp 152-161) 13 Part Speeches/Lectures, Public Announcements (p 51, pp 56-57) Part Office Memos and Notices (p 139, pp 162-169) 14 Part Telephone Messages, Advertisements (p 52, pp 58-59) Part Articles and Reports (p 139,170-177) 15 Part Broadcasts, Tours and Trips (p 53, pp 60-61) Part Text Message and Instant Message Chains, Forms (pp 140-141,178-193) Final Exam 16 Lesson Plan B Week Reading Comprehension Listening Comprehension Part House, Workplace (p 14, pp 16-23) Parts 5&6 Pronouns (pp 64-69) Part Questions with an Interrogative (p 32, 36) Part E-mailsand Letters (p 138, pp 142-151) Part Office Talk (p 38, pp 40-41) Parts 5&6 Tenses (pp 70-75) Part Office Announcements 1,2 (p 50, pp 54-55) Part Advertisements (p 138, pp 152-161) Part Businesses, Other Public Places (p 15, pp 24-31) Parts 5&6 Agreement (pp 76-81) Part Other Types of Questions (p 34, 37) Parts 5&6 Voice (pp 82-87) Part Workplace Dilemmas (p 38, pp 42-43) Part Office Memos and Notices (p 139, pp 162-169) Midterm Exam Part Speeches/Lectures, Public Announcements (p 51, pp 56-57) Parts 5&6 Modification, Review Test (pp 88-97) 10 Part Questions with No Interrogative (p 32,36) Part Articles and Reports (p 139,170-177) 11 Part Staffing Changes (p 39, pp 44-45) Parts 5&6 Infinitives and Gerunds (pp 98-103) 12 Part Telephone Messages, Advertisements (p 52, pp 58-59) Parts 5&6 Participles & Participle Clauses (pp 104-109) 13 Part Travel (p 39, pp 48-49) Part Text Message and Instant Message Chains, Forms (pp 140-141,178-193) 14 Part Broadcasts, Tours and Trips (p 53, pp 60-61) Parts 5&6 Conjunctions and Prepositions, Comparisons (pp 110-121) 15 Part Daily Life (p 39, pp 46-47) 16 Parts 5&6 Relative Clauses, Review Test (pp 122-131) Final Exam 11 10 (C) The correct choice is the past participle broken, meaning "not working properly." B Incomplete Sentences 11 (D) The correct choice is the word clarity, meaning "the quality of being clear and easily understood." (C) The correct choice is but, a conjunction showing contrast between the two clauses 12 (B) The correct choice is the word design, a noun that modifies company and describes the type of company (D) The correct choice is While, a conjunction showing that two actions are done simultaneously (B) The correct choice is the word although, meaning "despite" but followed by a complete clause as it is a conjunction (B) The correct choice is for, a preposition commonly used with the present perfect tense to express a period of time 13 (B) The correct choice is the word accountability, meaning "responsibility." 14 (D) The correct choice is the past participle unattended, meaning "left without being cared for," a common adjective used to describe bags or luggage 15 (C) The correct choice is the word standing, an adjective meaning "currently existing," and often used with the word reservation c (B) The correct choice is the word Despite, a preposition showing contrast (D) The word submissions is the correct choice as the word All needs a plural noun to follow it Part Mini-Test (B) The correct choice is the past participle expected, meaning "anticipated." Text Completion Part Mini-Test (C) The correct choice is the word goals, a noun that is frequently used with the word sales and refers to things that one hopes to achieve in the future (B) The correct choice is the preposition for, used to show the length of time someone will something (D) As the paragraph speaks about promotions and allowing management to make their own sets, the company wants to remind staff that they can something as long as it follows company policy (A) The correct choice is the conjunction whether, commonly used with the phrase or not (C) The correct choice is the preposition about, a word commonly used with the word talk (A) The correct choice is the preposition among, meaning "between." (A) The correct choice is has confirmed as a thirdperson present perfect verb in the active voice is needed (B) The correct choice is the conjunction While, which is used when two actions take place at the same time 6 (B) The correct choice is getting as a gerund is needed after the preposition of (C) The correct choice is the conjunction Now that, meaning "since." 7 (D) The correct choice is the noun acquisition, meaning "getting" or "purchasing." (C) The correct choice is the word for, commonly used with the verb wait 8 (A) The surrounding sentences speak about circumstances that required attention before acquiring the new telescope, so a sentence mentioning why they take precedence makes sense (D) The adverb together is the correct choice as by and with are prepositions requiring objects, and because is a conjunction requiring another clause (C) The correct choice is the conjunction unless, a common word used in the phrase unless (A) The correct choice is the present participle pricing, describing the activity of determining prices otherwise stated 10 (B) The correct choice is the word only, often used in the correlative conjunction not only but also 11 (A) The correct choice is the conjunction because, used before giving a reason 12 (C) The correct choice is the word concerns, meaning "worries." Conjunctions and Prepositions Exercises A Vocabulary Use (D) The correct choice is on the contrary, an adverbial phrase used to show contrast with the previous thought or clause 13 (A) The correct choice is the conjunction in case, used to indicate preparation for something that may happen by taking action first (C) The correct choice is the word Shortly, meaning "soon." 14 (D) The correct choice is the preposition During, meaning "while," but needing a noun object (A) The correct choice is the word nearly, meaning "almost." 15 (B) The correct choice is the conjunction whereas, used to contrast two things (D) The correct choice is the word approximately, meaning "roughly" and often used with amounts or time First News Answer Key I 29 Parts Mini-Test (D) The correct choice is the word expert as it is followed by examples of Harold Gottlieb's expertise (B) The word how, referring to a method, is the correct choice (B) The correct choice is the adverb phrase As a result, demonstrating how all his expertise has resulted in something he has done c (C) The phrase most recent is correct as an adjective describing the noun question is needed here (D) The word best is the correct choice as it is used in conjunction with the phrase among them and thus compares more than two things Parts Mini-Test (C) The surrounding sentences discuss his numerous talks and how popular he is, so a sentence saying who uses his method makes the most sense (B) The correct choice is the word more, as the sentence contains a than clause (D) The correct choice is the word aspect, meaning "part." (C) The present progressive is opening is the correct choice as it describes a planned future action (D) The correct choice is until, a preposition meaning "by," but often used with a present continuous verb (D) The correct choice is the word representatives, a noun meaning "people that represent an organization or group of people." (C) The correct choice is most qualified, as a superlative is needed after Of the three candidates and the word the (B) The correct choice is the word more because of the than phrase (A) The correct choice is the word as to complete the as as comparative (C) The correct choice is more than, a phrase meaning "even more" and used to describe (B) The correct choice Is the word least, as a superlative adjective is needed The article the is a clue as well (A) The correct choice is the word best, commonly used within the phrase the best one could/can 10 (B) The correct choice is the comparative larger as it is followed by a than phrase 11 (B) The correct choice is the superlative the least as it is used in combination with the phrase out of all (B) The correct choice is the gerund training, meaning "work education" or "workshops." (D) The advertisement is about what jobs are available and makes no mention of management positions The previous sentence is about application forms Thus, an ending sentence inviting many people to apply is the most appropriate Comparisons enthusiastic Exercises A Vocabulary Use (C) The word request is the correct choice, a word commonly used in the phrase available upon (C) The correct choice is the word effect, commonly used with the word take to mean "to become official." 12 (B) The correct choice is the word Attention, meaning "care" and often used with the word pay (C) The correct choice is the word organized, the only answer choice describing a personal trait 13 (B) The correct choice is the word balance, meaning "amount."Bonk balance is a common noun phrase (C) The correct choice is the adverb diligently, describing how the person works in an as as comparative 14 (D) The phrase as impressive is the correct choice to complete the as as comparative 15 (A) The correct choice is the word most because of the adverb yet, meaning "so far" or "of all." request B Incomplete Sentences (C) The correct choice is the word better, a comparative adjective, which often follows the word much (A) The correct choice is the word far, meaning "much." (C) The correct choice is the superlative adjective quickest, as it follows the word the and compares more than two people (B) The superlative adjective most persuasive is the correct choice as it follows the word the and Is used in conjunction with the phrase I have ever met 30 Text Completion the staff Part Mini-Test (C) The word enter is the correct choice, often used in the phrase to enter a market (C) The correct choice is as much, to complete the as as phrase (A) The correct choice is the word much, often used before comparative adjectives (A) The writer talks about his current experience and states his plans and where he will go Thus, talking about how he heard good things about the areas he is visiting next makes sense '-First News (B) The correct choice is passengers, referring to people riding on planes and other forms of transportation (D) The correct choice is the relative adverb when, referring to the time and date of contact (C) The correct choice is the adverb strongly, which modifies the verb that follows (A) The correct choice is the relative adverb where, referring to a location (D) The previous sentence discusses what to in the event of missing luggage and where to go, so a sentence describing where to find this location makes the most sense (D) The correct choice is the word conferences, meaning "large meetings." (C) The correct choice is the word organizing, as the blank needs a gerund after the preposition of and before the object business trips (A) The correct choice is the word whichever, referring to an object (B) The correct choice is the word whose as the sentence is about the owner of a bag (B) The correct choice is the word who, describing boss, a person 10 (D) The word how is the correct choice here as it is describing a method and is often used with the phrase to use (A) The correct choice is the word more as the sentence is about helping the airline find the owner of a bag, and further and much cannot be used before adverbs 10 Relative Clauses Exercises A Vocabulary Use (C) The correct choice is the word prevent, which means "stop" or "block" and is often used with the preposition from 11 (B) The correct choice is the phrase to whom as the preposition to is required with the verb speak, and whom is required when it is the object (D) The correct choice is the word overtime, often used after the verb work to mean "extra hours." 12 (B) The correct choice is the word distract, meaning "to take one's attention or focus from something," a negative meaning This is used in contrast to the second part of the sentence (D) The correct choice is the relative pronoun who, referring to the subject James and describing his action 13 (B) The word whom is correct as it is referring to the object of an action, often used with the preposition to 14 (B) The correct choice is the word mistake, meaning "error" and often used in the phrase by mistake 15 (A) The correct choice is the word that, describing the accountant, a person and the object of hired B (B) The correct choice is the verb ask, often used with the preposition for Incomplete Sentences (B) The correct choice is the word who since the antecedent, The man is a person (C) The correct choice is the relative pronoun whose, a possessive pronoun referring to the relationship between the main subject and the subject of the clause Part Mini-Test (A) The correct choice is the word available, meaning "present and able to something" here (D) The next sentence describes the relationship with a manufacturer and suppliers making the company's products, so a sentence talking about handmade designs makes the most sense here (A) The correct choice is the relative pronoun who, referring to the subject, a person (A) The correct choice is the relative adverb where as it describes the word place (B) The correct choice is the word who, referring to the people of the factory and suppliers Text Completion (A) The correct choice is the word Samples, meaning "examples of products that are given to people to try." (C) The correct choice is the word whose, describing the resumes that belong to the 20 people (A) The correct choice is the word inform, meaning to tell It is often used in the phrase regret to inform (B) The correct choice is to invite as it comes after would like, which is followed by an infinitive (A) The next sentences ask the reader to consider a position and express a wish to work together Thus, a sentence talking about one being good for a position makes sense c (A) The correct choice is the relative pronoun which, used to describe the object paintbrushes (B) The correct choice is the word apologize, which means "to be sorry for something." It is usually used after an unfortunate circumstance for the reader -Parts Mini-Test (C) The correct choice is the relative pronoun which, describing the location of the city in a non defining clause (B) The correct choice is the relative pronoun which, referring to the company The relative pronoun that cannot follow a preposition '■’First News you Answer Key I 31 Review Test Parts (B) The correct choice is the verb form to be updated The sentence requires a passive verb form, as well as fo be in the infinitive form because it follows the verb needs (B) The correct choice is the verb form fill The sentence needs a verb in the infinitive due to the that clause it is in (C) The correct choice is every other as the sentence details an event that takes place frequently and habitually (C) The correct choice is the past participle Located, the object of which serves as the subject of the main clause 20 (C) The correct choice is the past participle located, acting as an adjective in an adjective clause 21 (C) The correct choice is to live as it comes after the verb allows, which is usually followed by an infinitive 22 (A) The correct choice is the conjunction in addition The phrase in addition to means "along with." 23 (D) The next sentence asks the reader to look into the availability of a property, so a sentence about limited availability and its popularity makes sense Final Test Parts (D) The correct choice is the verb form to be promoted The verb must be in the passive, and in the infinitive because it follows the verb hoping (D) The correct choice is the comparative adjective easier due to the phrase than the old one (C) The correct choice is the present participle closing, referring to the speech that closes or ends an event (A) The correct choice is the pronoun those, which is most commonly used as a subject referring to people when followed by who (C) The correct choice is the pronoun Whichever due to there being a choice among many applicants, and the word applicant following the blank (D) The correct choice is the adjective long to complete the comparative phrase as as (B) The correct choice is the pronoun one to replace the phrase a replacement part (A) The correct choice is the noun phrase something different as adjectives come after indefinite pronouns (B) The correct choice is the adjective phrase a few Because of the word only, only a little and a few are possible choices, and a few fits the plural (A) The correct choice is the adverb Rarely because only negative adverbs can be followed by an inversion of subject and verb [does the owner) (B) The correct choice is the adverb far as it is the only answer choice that can come before a comparative adjective (A) The correct choice is the word these as it is the only word that can be used before a plural noun (B) The correct choice is the verb form is as there is a simple adjective after it, and land is a singular noun (C) The correct choice is the word is The that clause describes product, which is a singular noun, and an adjective follows the blank, requiring a be-verb 10 (D) The correct choice is the word finishing as a gerund is needed after the preposition after 11 (D) The correct choice is the present participle hoping as it describes the feelings of the subject employees Those 12 (B) The correct choice is the singular verb is, as three weeks is seen as a singular time period 13 (C) The correct choice is the verb exhaust, as it follows to and thus must be in the base form 14 (C) The correct choice is the word is because the noun next to the blank is singular 15 (A) The correct choice is the present participle smiling as it describes an action by the subject 10 (C) The correct choice is the superlative adjective best The phrase Of all the people and the word the before the blank indicate that a superlative is needed 11 (C) The correct choice is the only adjective no The other choices cannot come right before the noun 12 (C) The correct choice is the superlative the most The phrase is one of is often followed by a superlative beginning with the 13 (D) The correct choice is the comparative more It uses the combination more/less than + adjective, and the sentence contrasts the idea of someone being qualified with not being a good fit Thus, a positive is needed in the first clause 14 (C) The correct choice is the word no as it is the only word that can come before a singular noun in a statement with no other negatives Part 32 16 (A) The correct choice is fo ensure as an infinitive form normally follows the phrase one's best 17 (A) The correct choice is the word demand, referring to customers' need for a product 18 (D) The correct choice is depend as it has a plural subject and describes a general fact 19 (D) The surrounding sentences talk about delivery times and what to if orders are delayed So a sentence stating that delivery can take a while makes the most sense First News 15 (B) The correct choice is the adjective new There are no cues to indicate the need for a comparative or superlative Part 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 (C) The correct choice is the word amenities, which refers to the useful or desirable features of a place (A) The correct choice is the word While, which is used to show contrast between two clauses (D) The correct choice is begin The sentence needs a conjugated verb in the present tense to describe a fact (A) The correct choice is the one that describes how easy it is to avoid something, as the preceding sentence talks about being fined and the following two sentences emphasize the ease of avoiding a fine 19 (D) remember 20 (D) Jane's boss 21 (D) 09/01 22 (C) It requires materials costing $15 23 (C) A local festival taking place soon 24 (D) Bikes for sale 25 (A) It takes place over several weekends 26 (D) To suggest an activity for a visitor 27 (C) August B Advertisements (B) To announce a special discount (D) It excludes some store items (D) Low prices on hotel stays (B) The cost of airfare (D) It is a leader in its industry (A) The correct choice is the preposition than as the word bigger is making a comparison between this summer and last summer (C) Responding to customer concerns (D) [4] (B) A music streaming service (C) The correct choice is the past participle projected because the goals were projected by the company (A) They see ads on the site (B) The correct choice is the one that describes the reason why sales were low last year, following the natural flow of the sentences (B) The correct choice is the pronoun Whoever as it is the only answer choice that can refer to people Chapter Reading Practice 10 (A) type 11 (C) Supporting the payroll department 12 (C) Knowledge of government tax rules 13 (A) On a website 14 (B) An accounting degree 15 (D) admit 16 (D) Restaurant owners 17 (B) They not come in men's and women's sizes 18 (C) The knit shirts 19 (D) Large chef pants 20 (A) $0 E-mails and Letters 21 (B) A refund within two months (B) To apologize for a delay in processing 22 (B) To request advice on a purchase (D) Expedite his shipment for free 23 (D) After getting new computers (D) To persuade a subscriber to renew 24 (D) $40 (D) A year's subscription to another magazine 25 (C) enough (C) [3] (B) re-register c Office Memos and Notices (C) $200 (C) She is seeking landscaping services for her business (A) Schedule a consultation with a designer , Mini-Tests A 10 (C) To arrange a meeting 11 (B) They did not always have enough of some items (C) To remind staff to follow procedures (A) Keep all receipts if they want reimbursement (B) Tenants did not exit during a fire alarm (A) People who need help evacuating (C) A temporary station shutdown (B) It is providing bus service at no cost (D) Leave extra time for their commutes 12 (A) Get in touch by phone 13 (D) To demand a refund for an order 14 (B) He ordered flowers to be delivered (A) To inform coworkers about a new data center and its effects 15 (A) Severe weather (A) The company website will become unavailable 16 (A) A payment to his credit card account 17 (C) By typing a code when ordering online 18 (B) Conversational Spanish II, section A '•'First Nezes 10 (C) [3] 11 (B) A visit by a government official 12 (D) Keep their work areas clean and neat 13 (A) It had not occurred by January 15 Answer Key I 33 14 (B) Workers are producing less 15 (C) Temporarily reducing quotas 16 (C) To explain rules regarding money for trips (B) One box of pens 17 (C) differs (D) She was at the hotel for business meetings 18 (B) Book a new round-trip flight (B) The hotel's staff 19 (D) The awards banquet (B) $56.00 20 (A) $60 (B) The board game D Articles and Reports (C) strong (D) To advise readers on making good investments (B) Once a week for five months (C) [3] (B) An additional floor (C) It has not reopened yet (A) He does not think the Internet harms his business (B) Clothing 1Ớ (C) You can exchange any item for something else (A) By mail or in person (C) Purchases made by check are refunded in cash (D) It was ended by mistake (C) Call Marta Stanberry 10 (A) Jason McMillan's coworker 11 (C) An online art supply store 12 (B) No-cost delivery on large orders 13 (C) business 14 (D) 30 15 (B) He has paid a membership fee 16 (C) A real estate agency 17 (B) Some attendees would be unable to go 18 (C) It is smaller than conference room 19 (D) To explain how he solved a schedule conflict 20 (B) Simon Conniff 11 (D) An author's recently published novel 12 (B) He is already writing another book 13 (B) experiences 14 (B) A writer that changes careers 15 (A) She thinks Starting Over is too short 16 (C) Problems caused by road repairs 17 (B) Many are having trouble getting to campus 18 (D) It has stopped running for now 19 (A) It is taking too long 20 (C) Bus 42 (A) A woman is cutting a vegetable (D) The cars are parked at angles E Chapter Practice Test Listening Test Part (D) The man is adjusting the wires Text Message and Instant Message Chains (C) The people are in a gallery (A) Celebrating a coworker's retirement (A) The shelves are loaded with goods (D) Check with their supervisor (A) Some people are seated outside (B) A dinner at a home (D) He has not been to Kelly Tyson's apartment (C) The cable box does not respond to the remote (D) He replaced the batteries in the remote 34 F Forms (C) An office supply store (A) Changing the batteries did not work (A) To request that they bring extra materials (A) They will return before Tricia Brown does 10 (D) In a taxi 11 (B) To offer a new lease agreement 12 (B) October 30 13 (C) unwillingly 14 (D) She let Marie make the final decision 15 (A) $600 16 (D) To persuade the reader to exhibit at a fair 17 (D) Tabletop exhibit 18 (C) Purchasing a booth at the fair 19 (C) They have attended this fair before 20 (C) $250 z Part (B) Jane is in charge of office supplies (A) It's coming along nicely (C) No, I haven't had time 10 (B) Wherever It doesn't matter 11 (B) No, but I've heard it's really well done 12 (A) No, check the schedule on the board 13 (A) Of course How many people are there in your party? 14 (B) We did well, exceeding $25 million in profits 15 (A) I'll send it out with the other mail 16 (A) I only have one more page to read 17 (C) It's a ten-week intensive course (B) No, the technician fixed it already 18 20 (A) Sorry, I have other plans (B) The flight attendant said number 17A 21 (C) She thought it was well written 19 First News 22 (B) No, I had Chinese last night 23 (B) We use a popular job search website 24 (0 You'll have to ask accounting about that 25 (A) Take a right at City Hall 26 (C) I think they said Matt (C) Yeah, it is much farther than I thought 28 (B) Only people are coming 29 (C) Yes, everyone else are new graduates 27 70 (A) Have a meal together Part 71 (D) Small businesses 72 (B) Visualization of financial data 73 (D) Free assistance 74 (A) To announce a surprise sale 75 (A) Dresses 76 (C) Customers can only buy one sale item 30 (B) Yes, he's over there 31 (C) How much I have to pay? 77 (C) Because of emergency maintenance 78 (C) Two days Part 79 (B) Cancel them completely (B) Factory workers 32 (A) Recommend a product 80 33 (D) To give presentations 81 (A) She can't wait any longer 34 (C) It has the industry's best video card 82 (B) Use materials with another colleague 35 (C) Marketing 83 (A) No one is free to take the call 36 (A) She knew they would have a problem with the budget 84 (B) A travel agency 85 (C) To get information about a reservation 37 (C) Visit another department 86 (D) Overcoming difficulties 38 87 (A) He was hurt in an accident 39 (C) A presentation (B) They are new to the company 88 (A) Everyone can relate to Mr Simonson's experience 40 (D) She thinks the presentation is boring 89 (C) A conference 41 (A) A scheduling change 90 (A) They must receive preapproval from management 42 (D) He needs to approve the project 91 (A) Accounting 43 (B) Send an e-mail 92 (D) An interview 44 (A) A magazine publisher 93 (A) An awards ceremony 45 (D) A task was not completed 94 (D) Take a different driving route 46 (C) Place a phone call 95 (D) Factory employees 47 (C) She wants him to leave 96 (D) Caramel Popcorn 48 (A) Finance 97 (D) Submit more ideas 49 (B) Spend less money 98 (D) To report an error 50 (D) A factory 99 (B) Modern Fashion 51 (D) He is a punctual person 100 (A) Go over a procedure 52 (A) A schedule had to be changed 53 (A) A bus route 54 (C) To City Hall 55 (D) Take a taxi 56 (A) A venue reservation 57 (A) It happens once a year 58 (B) Checked a weather forecast 59 (D) She thinks the printer will be too expensive to fix 60 (C) It is in good condition 61 (B) Install some parts 62 (B) To return an item 63 (C) Looking at other colors 64 (D) $49 65 (C) At a trade show 66 (C) The device's speed 67 (B) 68 (D) Her baggage was incorrectly unloaded 69 (C) Kuala Lumpur 'First News Reading Test Par t5 101 (B) by 102 (A) most 103 (C) such 104 (D) regulates 105 (D) much 106 (D) was fixing 107 (D) were lost 108 (C) profits 109 (C) Having seen 110 (C) converse 111 (A) different 112 (B) nor 113 (B) until 114 (A) variations 115 (A) To Answer Key I 35 116 (D) information 163 (C) Ladybug bowls 117 (A) yet 164 (C) Texting his coworkers on the weekend 118 (0 immediately 165 (B) He often works on weekends 119 (C) respectable 166 (A) Call Peter 120 (B) has 167 (D) The company has to pay the extra cost 121 (B) were damaged 168 (C) To promote a cruise 122 (A) to not fail 169 (D) [4] 123 (A) Since 170 (C) By telephoning an agent 124 (A) deadline 171 (B) One week 125 (A) will be 172 (D) Find out about shipping costs 126 (C) fixing 173 (B) In case there are disputes 127 (C) each other 174 (A) face 128 (C) glance 175 (C) A customer watchdog 129 (A) disappeared 176 (B) In the library 130 (B) going 177 (C) Constructing an ice rink Part 131 (C) regarding 132 (B) is working 133 (C) We appreciate your help in fixing this error 134 (A) gratitude 135 (0 During 136 (A) Each 137 (C) We would like to congratulate all of our winners • 138 (D) To claim '139 (C) pleasure 140 (A) will feature 141 (A) We ask that each person who attends the dinner give a donation of $50 or more to the organization 142 (0 unforgettable 178 (C) People wanting to speak at the meeting 179 (D) 60 minutes 180 (A) Cedar Lake Beach Improvements 181 (A) Their vacation plans 182 (B) To introduce a marketing contest 183 (B) The prize is extra time off 184 (C) handle 185 (D) Think of ways to market Spanish vacations 186 (D) weeks 187 (C) Because it is open to the public 188 (B) Lara Miller 189 (A) To persuade readers to attend the event 190 (D) It is expected to draw a large audience 191 (D) Wine 143 (D) our 192 (B) Climate troubles 144 (B) not 193 (A) years 145 (B) much 194 (D) People's wages have risen 146 (C) Selections may vary from store to store 195 (B) Subsidize specific products Part 147 (C) He has been with Ventura for 20 years 148 (B) operative 149 (D) She does not eat meat 196 (B) B4 copy paper 197 (C) Two companies were merged 198 (B) To introduce a new policy about paper 199 (C) By keeping detailed records 200 (A) Extra pay 150 (B) She will go to the restaurant for lunch 151 (0 $2,000.00 152 (B) It charges a set price per project 153 (D) He is moving abroad 154 (B) It has its original stereo 155 (D) Concord 156 (B) [2] 157 (C) August 16 158 (D) Friday 159 (A) By asking about customer preferences 160 (D) Midnight 161 (B) A reply by e-mail 162 (B) Their products are very attractive 36 b'i.rxt News Word List I I I r-T-T r-r-r-r-r-r-r-r-t r-| i t t t t i+ +++++ +++ +++++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + + 4- + 4- 4- 4- + 4- 4- 4- 4- + 4- + 4- 4" 4- 4- 4- 4- +-f- + + + + -|-4-4- + -t-4- + 4-4.-|-4-4- + + 4- + ++ + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ ++ +4- 4- + 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- + 4- + 4- 4- 4- + + 4- + 4“ 4- 4- 4- 4- 4 • + 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4" Word List Part Photographs assembly line a series of workers and machines in a factory that makes a certain item in steps audience the people who are watching and/or listening to a speaker, movie, performance, etc blueprint a detailed drawing or photo that shows how something (such as a building) will be made business card a small card with a person's name, job title, company name, and contact information chart information in the form of a table, diagram, graph, etc check-in counter a desk at an airport or hotel where travelers check in (to report that they have arrived) checkout the action of leaving your room in a hotel after your stay; the time by which you must leave your room in a hotel conference room a room where meetings are held container an object (such as a box, bin, or can) that can hold something ’counter a long, flat surface that workers and customers stand on opposite sides of when doing business in a store, restaurant, etc decorations things added to something else, such as a room, to make it look more attractive dock a long structure that is built out into water as a place to get on and off or to load and unload a boat fence a structure like a wall built outdoors to separate two areas or to keep people or animals in or out flower arrangement a group of flowers put together in an attractive way for display in a vase, etc food vendor a person who sells food, especially on the street front desk the place at a hotel where guests check in and out and get information kiosk a small store in a building or on the street; a small structure that provides information and services on a computer screen kitchen appliances machines for use in the kitchen, such as refrigerators, toasters, microwave ovens, etc lamp a device that produces light lobby a large open area inside and near the entrance of a public building such as a hotel or theater menu a list of food and drink items available at a restaurant and their prices on display put somewhere for people to see platform a flat area next to railroad tracks where people can wait for a train or subway 38 railing a barrier made of rails supported by posts (such as on a stairway) that is designed for people to hold onto receptionist a person whose job is to greet people and answer the phone at a business shopping cart a small vehicle with wheels that people put items in while shopping, especially at a supermarket sofa/couch a long piece of furniture on which people can sit or lie down spectator a person who watches an event, show, game, etc., as part of the audience stock the supply of goods available for sale in a store waiter/waitress a person who serves food and drinks at a restaurant warehouse a large building used for storing goods to be stored to be put somewhere when not being used to board a train to get onto a train to clear away to remove (especially dishes, glasses, etc., from a table) to descend to go down (stairs, in an elevator, etc.) to fold to bend one part of something, such as an item of clothing, over another part to gather to collect or bring together into a group to gesture to make a movement with the body (especially the hands and arms) to show an idea or feeling to give a presentation to show, describe, or explain something to a group of people to have a meeting to come together for a particular purpose, usually to discuss something to line up to form a queue; to form or wait in a line to make a copy to make a version of something that looks the same or almost the same as the original (usually with a photocopier) to mix ingredients in cooking, to combine two different things (such as flour and water) to make another thing to mount/hang on a wall to put (a picture, painting, etc.) on a wall by the use of nails, screws, etc to mow to cut (grass) to park to put (a vehicle) somewhere when it is not being used to post to send by mail; to put up (a sign, notice, etc.) so that people can see it; to put something on the Internet for people to see to register to put your name on an official list to send a fax to send a document using a fax machine, a machine that sends and receives printed materials using telephone lines First News to sign a contract to write your name on an official agreement to show that you accept the terms in it receipt a piece of paper listing the things that you have bought and the amount paid to stack to put one thing on top of another; to pile refund the act of giving back money that was paid for something, such as a product that is returned to stroll to walk in a relaxed way to supervise to watch and direct an activity to make sure that it is done correctly to take inventory to count and make a complete list of the supply of goods in a place to take a message to write down information from someone, especially over the phone, to give to another person request the act of formally or politely asking for something resume a statement of a person's education, skills, work history, etc., often submitted to possible employers reservation the act of booking (a hotel room, flight, etc.) in advance requirement something that is needed or must be done to take notes to write things down during a lecture, meeting, etc., in order to remember them technical support help provided by professional experts with the use of computers or other technology to try on to put on clothes, shoes, etc., usually in a store, to see how they look before buying to be canceled to not take place because someone decided to stop doing or planning it to water flowers to pour or sprinkle water on the soil in which flowers grow to be delayed to be late; to be behind schedule to wipe to clean or dry (something) by using a cloth or towel, your hand, etc Part Short Conversations address the words and numbers that are used to describe the location of a building aisle a narrow and long passage that people can walk through, such as between sections of seats applicant a person who is applying for a job, to a university, etc available present and ready for use complaint a statement that you are unhappy with something confirmation e-mail an e-mail sent to say that something is definitely true or is going to happen, such as future plans experience the length of time you have spent doing something, such as a particular job; the skills or knowledge that you get by^doing something flight a trip on an airplane ID (card) card that has your name and other information about you and that often includes a photo in stock present and available for sale at a store lease an agreement between the renter of a property and its owner luggage bags and suitcases used to carry your belongings when traveling manager a person in charge of a business, department, etc meeting a gathering of two or more people for a specific purpose, usually to discuss something qualified having enough experience, education, skills, etc., for a particular job 'First News to be scheduled to have something planned to be done at a particular time to book a room to make arrangements to have a hotel room to stay in on a particular night or nights to check in/out to inform the front desk at a hotel that you have arrived in order to be able to enter your room, or that you are leaving the hotel to hire to agree to accept someone as an employee to interview to ask someone (such as a job applicant) questions in order to learn about him or her to make a presentation to show, describe, or explain something to a group of people to make a reservation to book a seat, a restaurant table, a hotel room, etc., in advance to manage to have control of a business, department, etc to notify to tell (someone) officially about something to operate to function in a proper way; to use and control a piece of equipment to pick up to go somewhere to get and bring back (someone or something) to purchase to buy to recommend to say that (someone or something) is good and deserves to be chosen to register to put your name on an official list to replace to be used instead of something else; to put someone new in the place or position of someone else to set up to make something (such as a machine or computer program) ready to be used; to arrange to stop by to make a brief visit to submit to give (a document, proposal, etc.) to someone so that it can be considered or approved to take time to use up time, especially a lot of time Word List I 39 Part Short Talks advisor someone whose job is to give opinions or suggestions to others about what should be done announcement a written or spoken statement telling people about something appointment an agreement to meet someone at a particular time author the writer of a book, article, etc.; a person who writes for a living award something (such as a prize) given to someone for being excellent banquet a formal dinner for many people, usually to celebrate something bestseller a popular product (such as a book) that many people have bought complimentary given for free construction the process of building something, such as a house or a road demonstration the act of showing someone how something is used or done detour the act of going along a way that is different from the usual way discount an amount taken off a regular price; a price reduction emergency an unexpected and often dangerous situation that needs immediate action event something important that happens; a planned occasion or activity exhibit an object or group of objects that are put in a public space for people to look at expense the amount of money needed to pay for or buy something; something on which money is spent expert someone with special skill or knowledge relating to a particular subject facility something (such as a building or a large piece of equipment) tfiat is built for a specific purpose factory a building or group of buildings where products are made favorable showing approval or tending to help feedback helpful information or criticism given to someone to say what can be done to improve something free (of charge) at no cost inclement weather bad or harsh weather increase a rise; the amount by which something (such as a price) rises interest the money paid by a borrower for the use of borrowed money offer an opportunity to buy something at a special price or to get something for free 40 participant a person who is involved in an activity or event passenger a person traveling on a train, bus, plane, etc profit money made in a business after all the costs and expenses are paid promotion something that is done to make people aware of a product and increase its sales or popularity promotional offer an offer used to make people aware of a product or increase its sales or popularity prototype an original first model of something from which other forms are copied or developed question-and-answer an activity in which audience members may ask questions of a speaker reimbursement payment made to someone of an amount of money equal to the amount that the person has spent reminder something that causes you to remember or to think about something renovations changes and repairs to an old building, room, etc., so that it is in good condition again report an official document giving information on a particular subject representative someone who speaks or acts for or in support of another person, a group, or a company results information that you get from a study, test, or experiment retirement party a celebration for someone who is retiring route a way to get from one place to another; the way that someone regularly travels along sales the action or job of selling goods or services; the amount of goods or services sold seminar a meeting that provides information on or training in a particular subject service work done by a person or organization that does not involve producing goods session a period of time that is used to a particular activity shopper a person visiting places where goods are sold in order to look at and buy things staffing the process of supplying (an organization or business) with workers storm an occurrence of bad weather in which there is a lot of rain or snow and strong winds subscriber a person who pays money to get a publication or service regularly survey a question or series of questions asked of many people in order to gather information ticket a piece of paper that allows you to see a show, travel on a vehicle, etc ticketing counter a counter where tickets are sold 'First News tour an activity in which you go through a place (such as a building or city) in order to see and learn about it traffic all the vehicles driving along a certain road or in a certain area voucher a document that gives you the right to obtain a product or service without paying for it weather conditions the state of the weather: the temperature, wind speed, etc to apologize to express regret; to say you are sorry for doing or saying something wrong to arrange to organize; to plan to award to give (a reward or prize) to someone to call a meeting to announce that a meeting will be held to cancel to stop doing or planning to (something); to decide that something planned will not happen annual meeting a meeting that takes place once a year at your earliest convenience as soon as is convenient for you attention notice, interest, or awareness bankruptcy a condition of financial failure caused by not being able to pay debts board of directors the group of people elected to make decisions about running a company budget an amount of money available for spending; a plan for spending money candidate a person who is being considered for a job, an award, etc client a person or organization that uses the services of a professional or a company comparatively when measured against something else to check with (someone) to talk with someone in order to get approval, information, etc., related to something competitor a person or organization who is in competition with another; a rival to conclude to stop or finish; to come to an end concern something that someone is worried about to disturb to interrupt or bother (someone) condition the physical state of something, or a characteristic of a situation to expire to no longer be valid or usable after a period of time considerable large in size, amount, or quantity to give a round of applause to clap for someone or something division a group of people who a particular job within a larger organization to give a warm welcome to greet (someone) in a warm and friendly way efficient able to produce desired results without wasting time, materials, or energy to grow significantly to become higher or larger in a noticeable way endowment a gift of money or property to a non-profit organization to guide to direct or lead (someone) equipment supplies or tools needed for a specific purpose to hold a concert to organize or put on a musical performance in public exports goods that are sent abroad to be sold to install to make (a machine, service, etc.) ready to be used in a certain place to mark a calendar to write a note about an event on a certain date on a calendar as a reminder to order to ask for something such as goods, services, etc to be made, supplied, or delivered to postpone to delay to a later date; to put off express mail letters or packages sent by a special service that is faster than regular mail huge very large imports goods that are brought into the country from abroad keynote speech the main speech given at a gathering, such as a convention to produce to make market survey a set of questions asked of the public in order to gain information about the demand for a product to receive to get mass involving or affecting many people to recruit to find suitable people and get them to join a company, organization, etc merger the act or process of combining two or more businesses into one business to remind to make someone remember or think about something necessity the quality of being necessary; something that is necessary Parts & Grammar Practice ahead of schedule earlier than scheduled analysis a careful study of something to learn about its parts, what they do, and how they are related '•'First News parking attendant a person whose job is to supervise a parking lot or parking garage personnel employees; staff persuasive able to cause people to or believe something; able to persuade people Word List I 41 policy an officially accepted set of rules or ideas about what should be done to check a balance to find out how much money there is in a bank account potentially possibly to compensate to give money or something else of value to (someone) in return for something such as work or as payment primary business the main product or service provided by a company prior to before probability the chance that something will happen proceeds profits, money made from selling something or from organizing an event prospect the possibility that something will happen, or an opportunity for something to happen quarter one of four divisions of a year; a period of three months quota the limit on the amount of something that is officially allowed; a specific amount or number that is expected to be achieved recruit a person who has recently joined a company or organization resignation the act of formally quitting a job rival a person or thing that tries to defeat or be more successful than another safety regulations rules or laws that are designed to keep 'people from getting hurt to conduct (a survey/test/interview) to plan and (something) to establish to begin or create something to fine to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law to go bankrupt to become unable to pay debts; to enter a state of bankruptcy to go on sale to be offered for sale at a discount to guarantee to make a (usually written) promise that whatever you are selling, doing, etc., is what you say it is to resign to quit (a job) to take effect to start to apply; to become operative to take place to happen to terminate to end; to fire (someone) from a job to validate to put a mark on (something) to show that it has been checked and is official or accepted Part Reading Comprehension security things done to make people or places safe shortly soon sociable liking to be with and to talk to other people speed limit the highest speed at which cars are allowed to travel by law substantially very much; a lot supplement something that is added to something else in order to make it complete or to improve it surplus an amount that is more than what is needed acquisition the act of buying or obtaining something such as a company or valuable property agenda a list of things to be discussed or done during a meeting annual happening once a year asset something owned by a person, company, etc ultimately in the end or at the most basic level bill a document that says how much money you owe for something you have bought or used unemployment the state of not having a job, or the total number of people’who not have jobs in a particular place conference a formal meeting in which many people gather in order to talk about a particular topic, usually for several days variety a number or collection of different things or people convenient allowing you to something easily or without trouble warm reception a friendly greeting or welcome convention a large meeting of people who come to a place, usually for several days, to talk about their shared work or interests wholesale relating to the business of selling things in large amounts to other businesses rather than to individual customers wing particular section of a large building to account for to give a reason or explanation for (something); to be the cause of (something) to assume to begin (a role, duty, etc.) as a job or responsibility; to take or begin to have (power, control, etc.) in a job or situation 42 absence the state of not being at a usual or expected place department one of the major parts of a company, organization, government, or school description a statement that tells you how something or someone looks, sounds, etc durable staying strong and in good condition over a long period of time enclosed included in a letter or package '■'First News executive a person who manages or directs other people in a company or organization to found to begin or create (something that is meant to last for a long time); to establish feature an interesting or important part, quality, ability, etc to guide to direct or control fee an amount of money that has to be paid for a service, to enter a place, or to be a member of an organization Human Resources (HR) the department within an organization that deals with the people who work there to inquire to ask for information to invest to use money to earn more money, such as by purchasing stock or property in order to make future profit to take time off to spend time away from work or school, such as for vacation inconvenience trouble or problems; something that causes trouble or problems input advice or opinions that help someone make a decision invoice a document that shows a list of goods or services and the prices to be paid for them; a bill issue something that people are talking about, thinking about, etc.; an important subject or topic key extremely important matter something that is being done, talked about, or thought about potential capable of becoming real; possible quality how good or bad something is quantity a number or amount of something revolutionary causing or relating to a great or complete change satisfaction the good feeling that you have when you get something that you want shipping and handling the packing and transport of goods, or the amount of money charged for this social media websites and other forms of communication through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, etc subtotal the sum of a set of numbers that is then added to another number or set of numbers tax an amount of money that a government requires people to pay and that is used to pay for the things done by the government total the number or amount of everything counted; sum urgent very important and needing immediate attention warranty a written statement that promises the good condition of a product and states that the maker must repair or replace it for a certain period of time after purchase to announce to make something known to the public or in a formal way to bother to interrupt, worry, or annoy (someone) to contact to call or write to (someone); to communicate with (someone) to ensure to make something certain to fill (something) out to complete (something, such as a form) by providing necessary information '■'First News Word List I 43 ... Comparison (pp 11 0 -12 1) 10 Part Daily Life (p 39, pp 46-47) Parts 5&6 Relative Clauses, Review Test (pp 12 2 -13 1) 11 Part Travel (p 39, pp 48-49) Part E-mails and Letters (p 13 8, pp 14 2 -15 1) 12 Part... starting preparation for the TOEIC? ? test ii Why Taking the TOEIC? ? Second edition? The second edition of this series is meant to reflect the recent changes made to the TOEIC? ? in 2 016 Therefore, students... Announcements 1, 2 (p 50, pp 54-55) Part Advertisements (p 13 8, pp 15 2 -16 1) 13 Part Speeches/Lectures, Public Announcements (p 51, pp 56-57) Part Office Memos and Notices (p 13 9, pp 16 2 -16 9) 14 Part