MEM Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
1 [thought by now we would have learned the lesson 3) đ â ®
that if we ignore overhead, we our expenses (A) underestimating (C) would underestimate (B) will underestimate (D) have underestimated
2 If the yield up from 9.8 percent, it would oO đD â @đ
have been the highest average yield since 1992 (A) would go (C) will go (B) has gone (D) had gone
3 They will import 750,000 more automobiles a year if OD â đ
international quotas set by the ministry lifted,
(A) are (C) will be
(B) be (D) have been
4 If the government an import fee, as it has oOo đ â @đ
threatened to do for years, prices of consumer goods will increase by at least 10 percent
(A) will impose (C) has imposed (B) imposes | (D) is imposing
5, Their monetary unit stronger if they did Oo đ â @đ
something about their deficit (A) will be (C) can be (B) would be (D) should be
6 If there had been fringe benefits, such as acompanycar @D @đD â ®
or stock options, I applying for the position (A) could consider (C) would have considered (B) considering (D) will be considering
7 Ifthe wage parity agreement approved, Oo đD â đ
there might have been a strike
(A) was not (C) had not been (B) is not (D) will not be
8 The boss will offer Gordon a substantial promotion ifhe â @âđ â @®
to be more tactful during business mectings (A) will learn (C) should learn (B) had learned (D) were learning
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VERBS: TENSE
The various verb tenses have four principal verb forms:
SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST
PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE
walk walked walked
do did done
speak spoke spoken
come came come
may be limited to certain tenses)
walking doing speaking coming
To choose the appropriate tense, look for clues in the sentence These clues can be adverbs (time markers), other verbs in the sentence, or the verbs themselves (which
tense in the dependent clause
CORRECT He signed the release before he read it the continuous PATTERNS TO REMEMBER @ Certain time markers (now, tomorrow, since, etc.) indicate the tense of a verb
INCORRECT [1 deal with his firm s¿zce 1988 | CORRECT | have dealt with his firm since 1988
© The verb in the main clause of a sentence determines the appropriate INCORRECT [He signed the release before he will read it.]
© Stative verbs (seem, become, know, understand, be, etc.) cannot be used in
INCORRECT [If I’m understanding what you mean, I have to agree.] CORRECT If | understand what you mean, I have to agree
| Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context 1 The express train always on time, unlike the
local, which is always late
(A) is arriving (C) has been arriving
(B) arrives (D) arrive
2 When the shipment , he will dispatch it to the proper department
(A) will come in (C) comes in
(B) is coming in (D) is going to come in
Oo đ â đ
oS đ â đ
Trang 43 Go ahead with the proposal, as long as everyone that the goal is to improve upon last year’s event (A) is understanding (C) will understand (B) understand (D) understands 4 Even before our researcher analyzed the online
customer reviews and ratings, we to take on the client
(A) has agreed (C) agrees (B) agreed (D) was agreed
5, She five years ago today; therefore, her request for a raise is definitely worth reviewing
(A) is being promoted (C) was promoted (B) promoted (D) has been promoted 6 Our newest franchise in two months, so we
need to start hiring new employees
(A) would open (C) will open (B) had opened (D) has opened
7 The board reported that, even though we didn’t consult them first, it a good decision to find a new director (A) was (C) is (B) be (D) were
8 The survey indicated that profits are up by 20 percent the first two quarters of this year; business
(A) is being good (C) good
(B) were good (D) has been good
9 AsIsit here wondeting how we will possibly get this
project done on time, I that you all have time to take a two-hour lunch break
(A) cannot believe (C) am not believing (B) could not believe (D) cannot be believing 10 By this time next year, the appearance of our reception
area and front offices greatly improved (A) has been (C) is
(B) will be (D) is being
Trang 5VERBS: TWO-WORD
|6 Select the one answer that is appropriate ín the context
1 lí during our lunch hour you cannot on the phone, try sending us the referrals by e-mail or fax (A) get to (C) come by
(B) get through (D) get by ° During tough negotiations, such as the ones we have
witnessed over the last week or so, neither side wants to (A) givein (C) take hold (B) get by (D) come on It is mandatory to all potential hazards before marketing your product
(A) look to (C) look from (B) look away (D) look into If you an error in reviewing the proposal, please bring it to my attention
(A) come on (C) come across (B) look to (D) getin
It is understood that her closest advisor will — as president should she resign early
(A) take up (C) get by (B) take over (D) come about
This time around we need to send a representative we
can , rather than someone who simply looks good
(A) stand for (C) count on (B) catch on (D) find out
Two-word verbs are made up of words which are understandable by themselves but have a different meaning when combined For example, turn means to rotate, and down means from a higher to a lower position Together they mean fo reject (as to turn down a proposal) or fo lower (as to turn down the volume) Since the combinations are not always predictable, it is necessary to become familiar with and recognize these two- word verbs A few of the many two-word verbs are in the practice exercises below
©o đ â đ
Trang 7WORD FAMILIES
There are base (or root) words in English from which other words are made These related words are called word families Words can be related in noun, verb, adjective, and adverb forms They are often identified by their suffixes (endings)
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
© Noun suffixes include: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, -or, -ion
INCORRECT = [We have profited from his employing.) CORRECT We have profited from his employment ® Adjective suffixes include: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive
INCORRECT [His business is unsuccessfully.]
CORRECT His business is unsuccessful ® ® Adverb suffixes include: -ly, -word, -wise
INCORRECT =e [ The presentation was given profession.| CORRECT The presentation was given professionally ™ Verb suffixes include: -en, -ify, -ize
INCORRECT =e [This client will strength our credibility.)
CORRECT This client will strengthen our credibility
bare Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context,
1 Like no other member we have everemployed,Maria CA @đâ â đ
exercised a influence on the firm
(A) dominance (C) dominant
(B) dominate (D) dominantly
2, The recommendation, which was faxed by the president â @â â @đW
herself, was to the success of the merger (A) criticism (C) critic
(B) critique (D) critical
3 Fortunately, his response the board members, Oo đD â đ and the meeting was finally adjourned
(A) satisfaction (C) satisfied (B) satisfactory (D) satisfactorily
4 While it may have seemed like we were being overly â đ © ® critical in our evaluation, the client's was
rewarded in the end,
(A) persistence (C) persist (B) persistently (D) persistent
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PART 6: TEXT COMPLETION
These are the directions for Part 6 of the new TOEIC®# test Study them now lf you understand these directions now, you will not have to read them on the test
PART 6
Directions: Read the texts that follow A word or phrase is missing in some of the sentences Four answer choices are given below each of the sentences Select the best answer to
complete the text Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet
Both Part 5 and Part 6 test your knowledge of grammar and your ability to interpret correctly the meaning of a sentence The practice section for Part 6, however, is different It includes examples of Patterns to Remember and TOEIC Test Practice for these two groups of grammar patterns:
® Adjective Comparisons and Superlatives, Gerunds and Infinitives, and Modals ® Participles, Verbal Adjectives, and Pronouns
In Part 6, you will read a letter, an e-mail, an article, or some other prose passage In the passage, four words or phrases will be deleted Each blank (a deleted word or phrase) will have four answer options written below You are to choose the one that best completes the passage Some of the blanks can be filled in by reading just one sentence You will have to read and understand the whole passage to fill in some of the other blanks
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STRATEGIES
Your preparation for Part 6 will be similar to your study of the strategies for Part 5 In
fact, many of the grammar topics in Part 5 are tested again in Part 6 in the new TOEIC®
test There are inference questions that will oblige you to read the entire passage These questions will focus on tense, pronouns, and contextual meaning Study the Patterns to Remember in the grammar review section and pay close attention to the following
common traps
In an adjective comparison in the superlative, make sure the is not omitted INCORRECT [It is biggest I have ever seen.]
correct it is the biggest I have ever seen
In an adjective comparison in the comparative, make sure than is not omitted INCORRECT [She is taller 1]
correct She is taller than 1
Note which verbs can be followed by a gerund, which by an infinitive, and which by either
INCORRECT [We decided leaving early.] conrect We decided to leave early
Make sure the modal matches the tense of the sentence INCORRECT [Last year we hoped she will come.] correct Last year we hoped she would come
Determine whether the verbal adjective is the cause (-ing) or the object (-ed) of the feeling or reaction
INCORREdT [To me, this subject is interested] correct Tome, this subject is interesting A pronoun must agree with its antecedent
INCORRECT [The company gave her employees raises | connEdT The company gave its employees raises A pronoun must be the correct form
INCORRECT [He gave it to Tom and !.] CORRECT He gave it to Tom and me
Trang 11ADJECTIVE COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES
Adjectives can be used to compare two things (comparatives) or more than two things (superlatives) The comparisons can be made by adding endings to the base form of the word (prettier, the prettiest) or by placing more or most before the word (more intelligent, the mast intelligent)
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER ® The comparative form uses than
INCORRECT [They seem more experienced then they are.] CORRECT They seem more experienced than they are © The precedes the adjective in the superlative form
INCORRECT ~—=e [Biggest demand is from the Midwest } CORRECT The biggest demand is from the Midwest ™ When comparing three ar more things, use the superlative
INCORRECT [This is the more obvious problem we face.] CORRECT This is the most obvious problem we face © When comparing two things equally, use as + adjective + as
INCORRECT [Fred is not ambitious as Mark.]
CORRECT Fred is not as ambitious as Mark ®™ There are five irregular forms to be memorized
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther, further — the farthest, furthest little less the least
many, much more the most
INCORRECT [This is the worse indicator we have seen yet.]
CORRECT This is the worst indicator we have seen yet
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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Gerunds (verb + -ing) and infinitives (to + verb) are verb forms that can be used as nouns They may be used in any position in a sentence where a noun may be used, When used as direct objects, the decision whether to use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb These verb patterns must be memorized; lists may be found in most grammar reference books
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
® Certain verbs take gerunds (admit, consider, enjoy, stop, etc.) INCORRECT [He regretted to retire so early.]
CORRECT He regretted retiring so early
®@ Certain verbs take infinitives (afford, ask, decide, expect, etc.) INCORRECT = [We expect arriving late.]
CORRECT We expect to arrive late
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MODALS Modals are auxiliaries (helping words) that signal the tense of the verb and add to its meaning
PRESENT/FUTURE PAST PERFECT MODALS MODALS MODALS
can could could have
may might might have
will would would have
shall should should have
has/have to had to hasfhave had to
must must have
+
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
® Amain verb in the present tense means a present modal in the subordinate clause INCORRECT = [The final decision is that he could go ahead with his project.| CORRECT _The final decision is that he can go ahead with his project ® Amain verb in the past tense means a past modal in the subordinate clause
INCORRECT ~— [Last month he thought he will retire.] CORRECT Last month he thought he would retire
® Perfect modals are used when the action of a verb in the subordinate clause is supposed to have occurred already
INCORRECT [I thought he should be promoted last month.] CORRECT I thought he should have been promoted last month INCORRECT [They agree that we might make a mistake yesterday.| CORRECT They agree that we might have made a mistake yesterday
& Must has two distinct meanings When must means “necessity,” the past is had to; when it means a logical conclusion, the perfect form must have is used
INCORRECT [She must have used her vacation days, or she would have lost them.] CORRECT She had to use her vacation days, or she would have lost them INCORRECT [Here⁄“s Brad’s report He had to forget to take it.]
CORRECT Here's Brad's report He must have forgotten to take it
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TOEIC® TEST PRACTICE 1 Questions 1-3 refer to the following letter ELC LITERARY AGENCY Via Terenzio, 21 20138 Milano ITALY Mr N Ellis 77 Kingsbury Road EDGEWARE Middlesex HAO 8XG
Dear Mr Ellis: September 5, 20
lL apologize _so long to acknowledge your cookbook proposal for Exropean 1 (A) to take
(B) for taking
(C) the taking of
(D) to be taking
Youth in the Kitchen My colleagues and | feel your proposal has merit, and we would like you to supply additional information in support of your proposal
We ask that you submit three chapters with _ pages keyed to a table of contents
2 (A) numeral
(B) number (C) numbered -
(D) numbering
We would also like you to send your résumé and copies of any of your other publications Most important, please include a few recipes for us _ and perhaps even test
3 (A) review
* (B) reviewing
(C) for reviewers (D) to review
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Questions 4-6 refer to the following e-mail
Dear Customer,
Our records show that you are among the top ten percent of our
valuable customers for this year As a preferred customer, you are eligible special holiday discounts You will receive 10% off all of your 4 (A) receipt
(B) to receive
(C) for receiving
(D) received
online purchases made in December This 10% can be tombined with any online promotion These are our prices ever
5 (A) low (B) lower (C) lowering
(D) lowest
When you log in, please identify yourself as a preferred customer by using this special login ID: XP3744 You should not share this login ID with your friends or family, but you _ purchase gifts for them
6 (A) would (B) may (C) had better (D) will
When you use your preferred login ID, you will not only receive our lowest price, but you will also get double bonus points that you can apply to future purchases With 600 bonus points you could purchase a set of golf clubs for just $499 For 10,000 points, you can get a golf cart for $1,525
Thank you for your continued business We look forward to serving you The Sporting Goods Store Staff
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Questions 7-9 refer to the following article
KOREA POST: Business Travelers Feel the Stress New studies have shown that business travelers are more likely to suffer from heart failure, high blood pressure, and arthritis than those who only travel for pleasure
Besides being cramped for long periods of time in airplanes, buses, and taxis, business travelers often experience tense muscles and are more subject to back spasms and blood clots than those who don’t travel often In addition, business travelers rarely get a good night’s sleep
Dr Ky-Yung Hwang of the Busan Sleep Lab says that people
always travel with their own pillow “If business travelers can
7 (A) might (B) will
(C) should
(D) can’t
bring their laptops on board, there's no reason why they can't bring their own pillow,” said Dr Ky-Yung in a recent radio interview An even
solution, according to celebrity doctor Dr Kim-He Gun, 8 (A) good (B) the best (C) better (D) greatest from the hit television series Ask the Specialist, is to avoid business travel altogether
Trang 18PARTICIPLES
On the new TOEIC® test, you must select the appropriate participle in a participial phrase and must be able to determine its correct position in a sentence VERB speak PAST PARTICIPLE spoken The language spoken by most people A spoken language PRESENT PARTICIPLE = speaking §= The woman, speaking loudly, PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
®@ The participial phrase does not require a form of the verb be
INCORRECT [The worker was causing the most problems was fired.] CORRECT The worker causing the most problems was fired
® The participial phrase must directly precede or follow the noun it is modifying INCORRECT [The cat scared the child attacking the mouse.]
CORRECT The cat attacking the mouse scared the child
® The past participle represents a reduced passive form This means the person or thing it describes has received, not done, an action
INCORRECT [The meeting scheduling for this morning has been canceled.]
CORRECT The meeting scheduled for this morning has been canceled
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VERBAL ADJECTIVES PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
™ The present participle, or -ing form, can be an adjective which describes the person or thing that created or is creating a feeling or reaction
INCORRECT =[The company’s amazed progress has captured everyone's attention |
CORRECT The company’s amazing progress has captured everyone's attention
© The present participle can be an adjective which describes the use or purpose of a person or thing It can also describe the activity that the person or thing is involved in
INCORRECT = [We need more filed cabinets in this office ] CORRECT We need more filing cabinets tn this office INCORRECT) ~=—s Promoted employees from within the company
improves morale
CORRECT Promoting employees from within the company improves morale,
™ The past participle can be an adjective which describes the person or thing that received or is receiving the feeling or reaction
Trang 20PRONOUNS 160 Pronouns can take the place of nouns or noun phrases There are four forms of pronouns
SUBJECT PRONOUNS I, you, she, etc OBJECT PRONOUNS me, you, her, etc, POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS mine, yours, hers, ete REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS myself, yourself, herself, etc
On the new TOEIC test, it is important to remember to use the appropriate pronoun (form) in the correct place (position) or the appropriate possessive adjective + noun phrase
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER ® Pronouns cannot follow their antecedents directly
INCORRECT = [Shipping rates to Panama they fluctuate frequently.] CORRECT Shipping rates to Panama fluctuate frequently ® Pronouns agree with their antecedents in number, gender, and
grammatical function
INCORRECT = [That was our shipment, so we will pay for them.] CORRECT That was our shipment, so we will pay for it
® A possessive pronoun takes the place of a possessive adjective + noun or noun phrase Don’t confuse it with a possessive adjective (my, your, her, ete.), which must precede a noun or noun phrase
INCORRECT [That's your book; this is my.]
CORRECT That‘s your beok; this is mine