Nghiên cứu qui trình sản xuất bột dinh dưỡng từ khoai lang tím chuối xiêm

TRlTONG DAI H O C AN GIANG • • K H O A NONG NGHIEP & TAINGUYEN THIEN NHIEN BO MON CONG NGHE T H U t PHAM BAO C A O KHOA LUAN T O T NGHIEP NGHIEN CUtJ QUI TRINH SAN XUAT B T DINH DlTONG TlT KHOAI LANG TIM CHUOI XIEM iTRUCiNG DAI HOCl AN GIANG Till/ VIEN \ Can bo hirdng dan (Ky va ghi ro ho ten) Nguyen D u y Tan An Giang, Thang 5.2014 L o i cam ta Dau tien toi xin gui ldi cam on chan den nha trudng, cac thay co Bo mdn Cong nghe thuc pham da tan tinh giup do, ho tro va tao moi dieu kien de toi co the hoan tot khoa luan tot nghiep Xin gui ldi cam on chan nhat den thay Nguyen Duy Tan, thay da tan tinh hudng dan, giup do, truyen dat va chia se nhung kinh nghiem cung nhu nhung kien thuc quy bao giup toi hoan de tai khoa luan mot each tot nhat Cam on cac thay co khu thi nghiem da tao moi dieu kien tot nhat, ho tro het long suot thai gian toi thuc hien de tai khoa luan tai khu thi nghiemToi cung xin gui ldi cam cm den cac anh chi khoa trudc, cac ban cung khoa, da chia se dong vien, thao luan va dong gop y kien de toi hoan tot de tai khoa luan mot each tot nhat, theo dung thdi gian da quy dinh Toi xin chan cam on! An Giang, 19 thang nam 2014 Sinh vien thuc hien Nguyen Thj Hanh Dung i T o m luoc Dong san pham bot dinh duong hien tren thi trudng nude ta ndi rieng va tren the gidi noi chung la san pham dugc ngudi tieu dung danh gia la tot cho sure khoe va thich hgp vdi moi ngudi Tren thj trudng hien co rat nhieu loai bot dinh duong tu nhieu nguon nguyen lieu khac nhau: bot dai mach, bot dau nanh, bot bap, giup ngudi tieu dung co nhieu sir lira chgn va lam phong phu them cac dong san pham bot dinh duong tren thi trudng Tuy nhien gia ca cua cac san pham tuong doi cao, gay sir e kha ldn cho ngudi tieu dung viec chgn va mua san pham dac biet la nhung ngudi co thu nhap thap V i vay viec nghien cuu va tao mot san pham bot dinh duong mdi, tu cac loai nguyen lieu san co tai dia phuong vdi gia tuong doi re phu hgp vdi thu nhap chung cua moi ngudi la mot viec lam can dugc quan tarn va thuc hien Nham dap ung nhu cau chung toi quyet dinh chgn de tai "Nghien cuu quy trinh san xuat bot dinh duong tu khoai lang tim - chuoi xiem" lam de tai tot nghiep cua minh Noi dung nghien cuu cua de tai gom: khao sat anh hudng nhiet say den chat lugng cua bot pham tu khoai lang tim va chuoi xiem; khao sat anh hudng cua qua trinh phoi che bot khoai lang tim, bot chuoi xiem va sua bot den gia trj cam quan va dinh duong ciia san pham; budc dau khao sat sir chap nhan ciia nguoi tieu dung doi vdi san pham Doi vdi ca hai loai nguyen lieu chiing toi tien hanh xii ly, hap, sau say tai cac khoang nhiet 60°C, 70°C, 80°C va 90°C Sau tien hanh khao sat va phan tich chiing toi da chgn dugc nhiet va thoi gian say toi uu cho bot khoai lang tim la 70°C 560 phut va ham lugng anthocyanin chiing toi phan tich dugc mau bot la 0,183%, nhiet say toi uu cho bot chuoi xiem la 70°C 510 phut va ham lugng vitamin C lai bot chiing toi phan tich dugc la 0,162mg%, am cac loai bot dat ± 2% Sau chon nhiet say toi uu cho tung loai bot chiing toi tien hanh co djnh lugng bot khoai lang tim va phoi tron bot chuoi xiem, sua bot theo cac ti le nhu sau: bot chuoi xiem (10%, 20%, 30% va 40%), sua bot (5%, 10%, 15% va 20%) so vdi khdi lugng bot khoai lang tim Ket qua chiing toi thu dugc muoi sau mau bgt dinh duong pham vdi ti le cac loai bot khac mot lan nua chiing toi tien hanh mau va danh gia cam quan mau sac, mui, vi va muc ua thich doi vdi san pham va chgn mau bgt dinh duong toi uu nhat Ket qua thu dugc mau bot dinh duong: 20% bot chuoi xiem, 10% sua bot so vdi bot khoai lang tim dugc chgn la mau toi uu nhat, vdi mau sac dugc ngudi tieu dung danh gia rat dep, miii vi thorn va nhan dugc nhieu sir ua thich ciia ngudi tieu dung Vdi mau toi uu dugc chgn chiing toi mang mau di phan tich phan hoa hoc va vi sinh vat tai phong thi nghiem chuyen sau trudng Dai hoc Can Tho ket qua nhu sau: gluxit (64,37%), vitamin C (560,84 mg/kg), anthocyanin (1917,62 mg/kg), protid (5,6%), lipid (1,26%), chat xo (8,8%) va ham lugng tro tong (2,19%), tong vi sinh vat hieu (4,36x10" CFU/g), khong phat hien thay E.coli va Coliforms ii M u c luc Noi dung Trang Ldi cam ta i Tom luge ii Muc luc iii Danh sach bang v Danh sach hinh vii Chirong 1: Gidi thieu 1.1 Dat van de 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu 1.3 Noi dung nghien cuu Chirong 2: Liroc khao tai lieu 2.1 Tong quan nguyen lieu 2.1.1 Khoai lang tim 2.1.2 Chuoi xiem 2.1.3 Sua bot 2.2 Cac qua trinh cong nghe anh hudng den ky thuat che bien 2.2.1 Qua trinh say 2.2.2 Qua trinh phoi tron 11 2.3 Cac de tai nghien cuu trudc day 13 Chirong 3: Phu-ong tien va phirong phap nghien ciru 14 3.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu 14 3.1.1 Dja diem va thdi gian 14 3.1.2 Nguyen lieu 14 3.1.3 Dung cu va thiet bj su dung 14 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 14 3.2.1 Cac budc tien hanh nghien cuu 14 3.2.2 Cac chi tieu phan tich va danh gia 14 3.3 Cac qui trinh che bien du kien 15 3.3.1 Qui trinh che bien bot khoai lang tim du kien 3.3.2 Qui trinh che bien bot chuoi xiem du kien 16 3.3.3 Quy trinh che bien bot dinh during du kien 17 3.4 Bo tri thi nghiem 17 3.4.1 Phan tich phan hoa hoc ca ban ciia nguyen lieu 17 3.4.2 Thi nghiem 1: Khao sat anh hudng nhiet say nguyen lieu khoai lang tim den mau sac va ham lugng anthocyanin san pham bot khoai lang tim 17 3.4.3 Thi nghiem 2: Khao sat anh hudng nhiet say chuoi xiem den mau sac va ham lugng anthocyanin san pham bot chuoi xiem 18 3.4.4 Khao sat anh hudng ciia qua trinh phoi che cac loai bot den gia tri cam quan va dinh during ciia san pham 19 3.5 Phan tich phan hoa hoc va vi sinh ciia san pham 21 3.6 Buric dau khao sat sir chap nhan ciia ngudi tieu dung 21 Chirong 4: Ket qua va thao luan 22 4.1 Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia nguyen lieu 22 4.2 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den thai gian say cac loai bot 23 4.3 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den gia trj cam quan ciia cac loai bot 24 4.4 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den chua ciia cac loai bot 26 4.5 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den ham lugng vitamin C bot chuoi xiem 28 4.6 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den ham lugng anthocyanin bot khoai lang tim 28 4.7 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den khac mau ciia cac loai bot 29 4.8 Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den sir thoat am cac loai nguyen lieu 31 4.9 Anh hudng qua trinh phoi che cac loai bot den gia trj cam quan va dinh during bot 31 4.10 Anh hudng ciia qua trinh phoi che cac loai bot den khac mau A E ciia san pham 33 4.11 Budc dau khao sat muc chap nhan ciia ngudi tieu dung 35 4.12 Thanh phan hoa hoc va chat lugng vi sinh ciia bot dinh during pham 39 4.13 Du tinh gia san pham 40 Chirong 5: Ket luan va khuyen nghi 41 5.1 Ket luan 41 5.2 Khuyen nghi 43 Tai lieu tham khao 44 Phu chirong 46 Phu chuong A 46 Phu chuong B 48 Phu chirong C Phu chuong D D a n h sach bang Bang 1: Chi tieu chat lugng cua sua bot Bang 2: Yeu cau ve vi sinh cua san pham bot dinh duong tu ngu coc Bang 3: Ket qua phan tich phan hoa hgc ca ban cua nguyen lieu 22 Bang 4: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den thai gian say cac loai nguyen lieu 23 Bang 5: Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den mau sac, mui va vi ciia bot khoai lang tim 24 Bang 6: Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den mau sac, mui va vi bot chuoi xiem 25 Bang 7: Anh hudng cua nhiet say den chua cac loai bot 26 Bang 8: Anh hudng ciia nhiet say den ham lugng vitamin C bot chuoi xiem 28 Bang 9: Anh hudng nhiet say den ham lugng anthocyanin bot khoai lang tim 29 Bang 10: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den khac mau A E ciia cac loai bot 29 Bang 11: Thong ke anh hudng cua khac mau A-F den ham lugng anthocyanin bot khoai lang tim 31 Bang 12: Bang ghi nhan ket qua danh gia 16 mau bot dinh duong 34 Bang 13: Do khac mau A E cua mudi sau mau bot 35 Bang 14: Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi che cac loai bot den gia tri cam quan san pham 35 Bang 15: Thong ke so lugng sinh vien dugc dieu tra theo khoa va theo giai tinh 36 Bang 16: Thanh phan hoa hgc ciia bgt dinh duong tir khoai lang tim - chuoi xiem 39 Bang 17: Chat lugng vi sinh cua bot dinh duong tir khoai lang tim - chuoi xiem 39 Bang 18: Chi phi cho 1kg bot dinh duong 40 Bang 19: Bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan bot khoai lang tim 48 Bang 20: Bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan bot chuoi xiem 49 Bang 21: Bang mo ta danh gia cam quan muc ua thich cua san pham 49 Bang 22: Bang mo ta danh gia cam quan san pham bot dinh duong 50 Bang 23: Danh sach thong tin cac cam quan vien tham gia danh gia bot dinh duong 54 Bang 24: Ghi nhan tinh chat san pham hot khoai lang tim theo nhiet say 57 Bang 25: Ghi nhan tinh chat san pham bot chuoi xiem theo nhiet say 57 Bang 26: Ghi nhan tinh chat bon mau bot dugc chgn la toi uu 57 Bang 27: Anh hudng cua nhiet den mau sac bot khoai lang tim 63 Bang 28: Anh hudng cua nhiet den mui bot khoai lang tim 63 Bang 29: Anh hudng cua nhiet den vi bot khoai lang tim 63 Bang 30: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den mau sac hot chuoi xiem 64 Bang 31: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den miii bot chuoi xiem 64 v Bang 32: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den vi bot chuoi xiem 64 Bang 33: Anh hudng cua nhiet den chua bot khoai lang tim 65 Bang 34: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den chua bot chuoi xiem 65 Bang 35: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den ham lugng vitamin C bot chuoi xiem 65 Bang 36: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den ham lugng anthocyanin bot khoai lang tim 66 Bang 37: Anh hudng ciia nhiet den khac mau bot khoai lang tim 66 Bang 38: Anh hudng cua nhiet den khac mau bot chuoi xiem 66 Bang 39: Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi tron den trang thai bon mau bot toi uu 67 Bang 40: Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi tron den mau sac bon mau bot toi uu 67 Bang 41: Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi tron den mui bon mau bot toi uu 67 Bang 42: Anh hudng ciia ti le phoi tron den vi bon mau bot toi uu 68 vi D a n h sach hinh Hinh 1: Khoai lang tim nhat Hinh 2: Chuoi xiem Hinh 3: Sua bot Nuti - nguyen kem Hinh 4: D6 thi bilu dien ban chit dac trung cua qua trinh say kho san pham Hinh 5: So qui trinh san xuat bot khoai lang tim du kien 15 Hinh 6: So qui trinh san xuat bot chuoi xiem du kien 16 Hinh 7: So qui trinh san xuat bot dinh duong du kien 17 Hinh 8: So bo tri thi nghiem 18 Hinh 9: So d6 bo tri thi nghiem 19 Hinh 10: So d6 b6 tri thi nghiem 20 Hinh 11: Nguyen lieu khoai lang tim, chuoi xiem 22 Hinh 12: Khoai lang tim trudc hap, sau hap va sau say 23 Hinh 13: Nguyen lieu chuoi xiem trudc hap, sau hap va sau say 23 Hinh 14: Bot khoai lang tim va bot chuoi xiem pham 26 Hinh 15: Bieu bieu dien anh hudng ciia nhiet say den chua cua cac loai bot 27 Hinh 16: Do thi bieu dien anh hudng ciia nhiet say den khac mau A E 30 Hinh 17: Anh hudng ciia khac mau AE den ham lugng anthocyanin bot khoai lang tim 31 Hinh 18: D6 thi bilu dien sir thay doi am nguyen lieu khoai lang tim (tinh bang can ban kho) theo thdi gian say 32 Hinh 19: D6 thi bilu dien su thay doi am nguyen lieu chuoi xiem (tinh bang can ban kho) theo thdi gian say 32 Hinh 20: Bieu d6 danh gia trang thai san pham bot trudc va sau hoa vao nude nong 36 Hinh 21: Bieu danh gia mau sac san pham bot trudc va sau hoa tan 37 Hinh 22: Bieu d6 danh gia mui san pham bot trudc va sau hoa tan 37 Hinh 23: Bieu danh gia vi san pham bot hoa tan vao nude 38 Hinh 24: San pham bot dinh duong tir khoai lang tim - chuoi xiem 38 Hinh 25: Danh gia cam quan san pham bot dinh duong tai phong thi nghiem 39 Hinh 26: Qui trinh phoi tron cac loai bot 41 Hinh 27: Qui trinh san xuat bot khoai lang tim 42 Hinh 28: Qui trinh san xuat bot chuoi xiem 42 Hinh 29: Tu say va may mau L, a, b 46 Hinh 30: Binh hut am va can phan tich 46 vii Hinh 31: May so mau 46 Hinh 32: San phim bot khoai lang tim chuoi xiem 47 Hinh 33: Trich ly anthocyanin tu bot khoai lang tim 47 Hinh 34: Danh gia cam quan san pham 47 Hinh 35: Bang mau L, a, b Hinh 36: Do khac biet mau A E theo L, a, b 62 viii Ly luan chinh tr 66 Tran Van N i 67 Nguyen Thi Diem X T ~ Ly luan chinh tr 68 Le Thi Kim Xuyen X T Ly luan chinh tr 69 Nguyen I hi I huy Loan 70 • / 72 > y-v X T Nam T ' l * ^ r Tu Phuoc hien Nguyen Van Manh ^ T T I • T~"\' £ T Nu A* Nu Nu X T Ly luan chinh tr Ly luan chinh tr Nam IN am Van hoa Nghe thuat Nu Van hoa Nghe thuat Nu Van hoa Nghe thuat XT"- Van hoa Nghe thuat 73 Le Thi Dieu Lan Nguyen Thi Thanh Hang 74 Tran Diem M i —i Nguyen Van Hoang Nu Nam Le Thi Diem Hucmg INU Van hoa Nghe thuat Nu Van hoa Nghe thuat NU Van hoa Nghe thuat INU Van hoa Nghe thuat Do Hoang Trong Nam Van hoa Nghe thuat Doan Van Phuong Nam GDQP 82 X T Nam GDQP 83 T T - 75 76 77 78 TO 79 oo (SO D 81 "\ T Bf T I * A T - Vo Thi My Mai Nhu Y Nguyen Thi Kieu Phuong ? T I _ O Nguyen I hanh Son Van hoa Nghe thuat Nam GDQP S4 Huynh Van Le Nguyen Ngoc Lmh Nam GDQP 8s ran Lhi Hai Nam GDQP 86 Le Van Phong Anh Nam GDQP 87 Truong Thanh Nhan Nam GDQP 88 Tran Van Linh Nam GDQP 80 Phan Van R6 Nam GDQP 00 Huynh Minh Tuan Nam GDQP y 1 7v y A Ghi chu: "NN- TNTN" - Khoa Nong nghiep Tai nguyen Thien nhien "KT- QTKD " - Khoa Kinh ti va Quan tri kinh doanh "KT- CNMT" - Khoa ky thuat Cong nghe moi truong "GDQP" - Bd mdn Gido due Qudc phong 56 Bang 24: Ghi nhan tinh chat san pham bot khoai lang tim theo nhiet say Nhiet Mo ta tinh chat san pham 60°C Mau tim hai nhat, mui kha thorn, vi rat ngot nhung kem dac trung 70°C Mau tim sen dam dac trung, miii rat thorn, vi ngot dac trung 80°C Mau tim sen, miii thorn kha dac trung, vi hoi ngot 90°C Mau hoi tai, miii thorn khet khong dac trung, vi ngot nhat Bang 25: Ghi nhan tinh chat san pham bot chuoi xiem theo nhiet say Nhiet Mo ta tinh chat san pham 60°C Mau vang nhat, miii kem thorn hoi co miii dau, vi ngot nhung kem dac trung 70°C Mau vang kha dep, miii thorn dac trung chuoi xiem, vi ngot khong co v i la 80°C Mau vang hoi nhat, miii thorn, vi ngot khong co vi la 90°C Mau vang nhat, hoi nga nau, miii kem thorn va vi kem nhat Bang 26: Ghi nhan tinh chat bdn mau bot dirge chon la toi uu Nhiet Md ta tinh chat san pham ^ ^ Bot min, mau tim sen rat dep, miii thorn dac trung khoai lang tim, vi ngot liem hoi beo ciia sua bot ^ J-J Bot min, mau tim sua dong nhat rat dep, miii thorn de chiu d dang kho cung nhu hoa tan vao nuoc, vi ngot diu beo beo rat hap dan C3D2 Bot kha min, mau tim nhat kha dong nhat, vi ngot beo beo nhung hoi co miii dau £ Bot kha min, mau tim sua nhat, miii thorn dac trung cua sua bot va chuoi xiem, vi ngot vira nhung hoi beo 57 Phu chuong C: Phirong phap phan tich cac chi tieu Phan tich ham lirong anthoxyanin khoai lang tim 1.1 Hoa chat KC1 (dung d|ch dem pH = 1), CH COONa (dung dich dem pH=4,5), dung moi co HC1 1% va Acetone Cach pha dung dich dem nhu sau : - Dung dich dem pH J Hoa tan hoan toan 1.86g KC1 vao 980ml nuoc cat becher Do va chinh pH ve 1.0 bang dung dich HC1 20% - Dung dich dem pH 4.5 Hoa tan hoan toan 54.43g CH3COONa.3H20 vao 960ml nuoc cat becher Do va chinh pH ve 4.5 bring dung dich HC1 20% Cac dung dich dem dugc bao quan chai kin o nhiet phong, sir dung dugc nhieu thang Trudc sir dung nen kiem tra va chinh ve dung pH cua phep 1.2 Phirong phap - Tdch chiet anthoxyanin Anthoxyanin dugc tach chilt theo quy trinh sau : Can chinh xac 0,5g mau bot dinh dudng hoa 4ml dung moi HC1 : Acetone erlen 50ml, tien hanh lac tren may lac cu sau 30 phut chung toi tien hanh tach chiet phan dich mau bring each lgc qua giay Igc mong va bo sung 4ml dung moi vao Tien hanh nhu vay lan, sau chuyen tat ca dich mau chiet dugc va binh dinh muc 25ml, dimg dung moi trang giay lgc, erlen va dinh muc Do hap thu va mat quang - Xac dinh ham luong anthoxyanin hang phuong phap pH vi sai Dua tren nguyen trie chat mau anthoxyanin thay doi theo pH Tai pH 1,0 cac anthocyanin ton tai d dang oxonium va flavium co hap thu cue dai, d pH 4,5 thi chiing lai d dang carbinol khong mau Do mat quang ciia mau tai pH 1,0 va pH 4,5 tai budc song hap thu cue dai So vdi hap thu tai budc song 700nm Dua tren cong thiic ciia dinh luat Lampert Beer : 10 lg T = £ C Trong : /ft lg / : Dac trung cho muc anh sang yeu dan di qua dung dich (mat quang A) I : La cudng anh sang sau qua dung dich Io: Cudng anh sang chieu vao dung dich C: La nong chat nghien cuu (mol/lit) 1: La chieu day lop dung dich ma anh sang di qua £ : He so hap phu phan tir moi"1 cm"1 58 Ham lugng sac to anthoxyanin don tir theo cong thuc: A M.HSPL a= £.1 V Trong do: A: La mat quang a : Lugng anthoxyanin (mg/h't) M : Khoi lugng phan tir ciia anthoxyanin (g/mol) HSPL: He so pha loang V: T h i tich dich chilt (lit) 1: Chieu day cuvet (cm) £ =26900 Cdch tinh mat quang (A) A = (A,-A2)-(A3-A4) Trong do: A i : La mat quang tai budc song hap thu cue dai, pH = 1,0 A : La mat quang tai budc song 700nm, pH = 1,0 A : La mat quang tai budc song hap thu cue dai, pH = 4,5 A : La mat quang tai budc song 700nm, pH = 4,5 Tir tinh dugc phan tram ham lugng anthocyanin toan phan % anthocyanin = m (100 - w ) 0,01 ' Trong do: m: Khoi lugng nguyen lieu ban dau (g) w: Do am nguyen lieu (%) Phirong phap dinh lirong vitamin C 2.1 Nguyen tac Acid ascorbic la hgp chat khong no chira nhom endiol - C = C - de bi oxi hoa khu thuan nghjch, bi pha huy nhanh dudi tac dung ciia chat oxi hoa va ben moi trudng acid Vitamin C cd the khir dung dich Iod nen cd the djnh lugng vitamin C bang phuong phap chuan vdi dung dich I 0,01 N , chi thi mau la dung dich tinh bot cho den cd mau xanh 2.2 Tien hanh 59 L l y 0,5g bot cho vao binh dinh mire 50ml vdi 5ml HC1 %, cho nude cat vao du 50ml Lac cho dong nhat Lay 10ml dich tir binh dinh mire cho vao erlen dung tich 50 ml, chuan bang dung dich I cd tinh bot lam chi thi mau cho den mau xanh 2.3 Tinh ket qua Ham luong vitamin C tinh theo cong thuc: V x V , x 0,000088 x 100 X (%) = V2xW Trong dd: V: sd ml dung dich I 0,001 N chuan (trir the tich I 0,001 N chuan mau trang) V I : the tich dich thi nghiem (50 ml) V2: t h i tich l l y chuln (10 ml) W: khdi luong mau dem xac dinh vitamin C 0,000088: sd gam vitamin C tuong ung vdi ml dung dich I 0,001 N Xac djnh am bang phirong phap say kho 3.1 Nguyen tac Dimg sire ndng lam bay hoi het nude thuc pham Can va tinh sd lieu cua hai lan can trudc va sau say khd, tir tinh phan tram nude cd thuc pham 3.2 Tien hanh L l y coc su va dua thuy tinh dem say khd d 105 C den luong khong ddi De ngudi binh hut am (khoang 15 phut), can d can phan tich bdn sd le cudi Sau cho vao ede can l g mau (ddi vdi bdt) va 5g mau (ddi vdi nguyen lieu tuoi da dugc xay that nhuyen), dung dua thuy tinh dan deu mau ldp mong, can tat ca d can phan tich vdi sai sd khong qua 0,0003 g Cho t i t ca vao tu sly d 105°C, say den trgng lugng khong ddi Trong say, cu mot gidi diing dua thuy tinh nhien nhd cac phan von cue, sau lai tiep tuc say Sau mdi gid say lai tien hanh kiem tra lugng am thoat di bang each lay mau dem can d can phan tich, trudc can can phai lam ngudi binh hut am (khoang 15 phut) Tiep tuc kiem tra cho den trgng lugng ciia mau khong thay ddi va ket qua hai lan can lien tiep khong dugc each qua 0,0003 g 3.3 Tinh ket qua Phan tram am dugc xac dinh theo cong thuc: ( G i - G ) x 100 G,-G Trong dd: G : trgng lugng ciia ede va dua thuy tinh (g) Gi: trgng lugng cua ede, dua thuy tinh va mau trudc say (g) 60 G : lirong cua cdc, dua thuy tinh va mau trudc say (g) Xac dinh ham lirong dircrng tong theo phirong phap Lane-Eynon 4.1 Nguyen ly Duong true tilp khu oxi cd tinh chat khu Cu(OH) d moi trudng kiem manh, lam cho no ket tua Cu mau gach 4.2 Tien hanh Can gam mau can phan tich cho vao binh tarn giac vdi ml HC1 dam dac va 50 ml nude cat Dem thuy phan phut d 68-70°C Sau thuy phan lam lanh Trung hoa bang NaOH vdi ndng giam din vdi chi thi mau la phenolphthalein Khu tap chat bang ml chi acetate 30 % De yen phut den thiy xult hien ldp chat long sudt ben tren ldp can Khu luong Pb(CH COO) du bring 18-20 ml Na S0 Lgc lay phan dich de xac dinh ham luong dudng Pha loang dich lgc lan Cho vao binh tarn giac 50 ml, ml Fehling A va ml Fehling B va 15 ml dich loc da pha loang Dem dot tren bep va chuan Mdi lan chuan cho ml dung dich chuan den mau dd gach khong anh xanh ciia metyl xanh Thu lai bang each nhd giot metyl xanh vao dung dich dang sdi thiy mau xanh trd ve mau dd gach Doc ket qua va tra bang tinh ham luong dudng 4.3 Tinh ket qua X(%) = (Sd tra bang x HSPL x 100)/(Khdi luong mau x 1000) Xac djnh chua 5.1 Nguyen trie Dung dung dich k i l m chuan (NaOH) de trung hda het acid thuc pham vdi phenolphatalein lam chat chi thi mau (ddi vdi bdt chudi xiem) hoac giay pH lam chi thi mau (ddi vdi bdt khoai lang tim) 5.2 Tien hanh Can that chinh xac 0,5 g bdt da xay nhuyen, lac vdi nude trung tinh l h sau dd cho them nude trung tinh cho du 50 ml Sau de lang, lay pipet hut 10 ml dung dich mau tren de dinh luong Cho tiep vao khoang giot phenolphatalien 0,1 % rdi sau tien hanh chuan bang dung dich NaOH 0,01 N cho den dich thu cd mau hong nhat ben vung 5.3 Tinh ket qua Do chua dugc tinh theo cong thuc : ( V - V o ) x 10 x= M Trong dd: Vo: la the tich mau trang V: t h i tich NaOH 0,01 N dung d i chuln dd 61 M: khoi lugng mau thu (g) Phirong phap mau Nam 1952, Hunter da phat triln cong he thing mau sic thuc pham Trong hg thing nay, mrit phlng thi hign mau sic dugc xac djnh bdi ba chieu L , a, b Mau sic cua bgt dugc xac dinh blng may mau (Minolta Spectro Colorimeter) Ta sg d vi tri khac tren cung mgt mau cho moi lln Cac gia tri mau sac dugc the hign nhu sau: * Gia tri L chi dg sang: L = den; L = 100 trlng * Gia tri a+ chi mau do, a- chi mau anh la cay * Gia tri b+ chi mau vang, b- chi mau xanh duong Lab model Hinh 35: Bang mriu L , a, b Do khac mau AE (color different) dung de so sanh mau tign lgi hon Vai mau chuln ban dau la L = 97,06; ao = 0,19;b o = 1,73 Mau cua san pham d nhung gia tri khac la (Lt, at, bt) thi ta cd: A L =A L Q _ A L t , A a = A aQ_A at,*b= A b0_* bt Dp khac mau AE A E J (AL) + ( A a ) + ( A b) : 62 Hinh 36: Do khac biet mau AE theo L , a, b Phu chuong D: Ket qua thong ke Bang 27: Anh hirong cua nhiet den mau sac hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for Mau sac by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 27.4821 9.16071 14.72 0.0000 Within groups 32.3571 52 0.622253 Total (Corr.) 59.8393 55 Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 2.28571 X 80 14 3.07143 60 14 3.71429 X 70 14 4.14286 X X Bang 28: Anh hirong cua nhiet den mui hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for Mui by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 19.2857 6.42857 10.99 0.0000 Within groups 30.4286 52 0.585165 Total (Corr.) 49.7143 55 Multiple Range Tests for Mui by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 2.57143 X 60 14 3.78571 X 80 14 3.85714 X 70 14 4.07143 X Bang 29: Anh hirong cua nhiet den vj hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for Vi by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 14.7679 4.92262 Within groups 28.3571 52 0.54533 Total (Corr.) 43.125 55 F-Ratio 9.03 P- Value 0.0001 Multiple Range Tests for Vi by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 2.57143 X 63 60 14 3.28571 X 80 14 3.78571 XX 70 14 3.85714 X Bang 30: Anh hirong cua nhiet den mau sac hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for Mau sac by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 1.8571 3.95238 Within groups 20.1429 52 0.387363 Total (Corr.) 32.0 55 F-Ratio 10.20 P-Value 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for Mau sac by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 3.0 X 60 14 3.21429 XX 80 14 3.57143 X 70 14 4.21429 X Bang 31: Anh huong cua nhiet den mui hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for Mu i by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 7.21429 2.40476 Within groups 15.2857 52 0.293956 Total (Corr.) 22.5 55 F-Ratio 8.18 P- Value 0.0001 Multiple Range Tests for Mui by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 3.35714 X 60 14 3.42857 X 80 14 4.07143 X 70 14 4.14286 X Bang 32: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den vi hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for Vi by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 7.21429 2.40476 Within groups 15.2857 52 0.293956 Total (Corr.) 22.5 55 F-Ratio 8.18 P-Value 0.0001 Multiple Range Tests for Vi by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 14 3.35714 X 64 60 14 3.5 80 14 3.85714 70 14 4.28571 XX X X Bang 33: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den chua hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for chua by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 0.0128272 0.00427573 \\ iiii in groups 0.000287295 0.0000359118 Total (Corr.) 0.0131145 11 F-Ratio 119.06 P- Value 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for chua by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 0.139256 X 80 0.190714 70 0.214738 X 60 0.223227 X X Bang 34: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den chua hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for chua by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 0.857775 0.285925 Within groups 0.000312 0.000039 Total (Corr.) 0.858087 11 F-Ratio P- Value 7331.41 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for chua by Nhiet d Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 0.383333 X 80 0.431667 70 0.728 60 1.05133 X X X Bang 35: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den ham lugng vitamin C hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for Vitamin C by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 0.0126113 0.00420378 Within groups 0.000182667 0.0000228333 Total (Corr.) 0.012794 11 F-Ratio 184.11 P-Value 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for Vitamin C by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 90 0.0746667 X 65 80 0.115667 60 0.139333 70 0.162333 X X X Bang 36: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den ham luong anthocyanin hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for Anthocyan n by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P- Value Between groups 0.0247256 0.00824187 52.45 0.0000 Within groups 0.00125702 0.000157128 Total (Corr.) 0.0259826 11 Multiple Range Tests for Anthocyanin by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Croups 90 0.120667 X 60 0.148712 X 80 0.149667 X 70 0.241 X Bang 37: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den khac mau hot khoai lang tim ANOVA Table for Do khac mau by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 112.099 37.3663 119.78 0.0000 Within groups 2.49575 0.311969 Total (Corr.) 114.595 11 Multiple Range Tests for Do khac mau by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 70 42.4067 X 60 47.5223 X 80 47.977 X 90 50.899 X Bang 38: Anh hirdng cua nhiet den khac mau hot chuoi xiem ANOVA Table for Do khac mau by Nhiet Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 12.1762 4.05872 81.43 0.0000 Within groups 0.398732 0.0498415 Total (Corr.) 12.5749 11 Multiple Range Tests for Do khac mau by Nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD Nhiet Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 80 18.2177 X 66 60 18.5903 70 19.309 90 20.8483 X X X Bang 39: Anh hirdng cua ti le phoi tron den trang thai bon mau hot toi uu ANOVA Table for Trang thai by Mau phoi tron Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 20,9858 6,99527 16,63 0.0000 Within groups 21,4505 51 0,420599 Total (Corr.) 42,4364 54 Multiple Range Tests for Trang thai by Mau ph( i tron Method: 95,0 percent LSD Mau phoi tron Count Mean Homogeneous Groups C3D2 14 2,57143 X C1D2 13 3,23077 X C3D4 14 3,28571 X C2D2 14 4.28571 X Bang 40: Anh hirdng cua ti le phoi tron den mau sac bon mau hot toi un ANOVA Table for Mau sac by Mau phoi tron Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-1 'alue Between groups 13,0082 4,33606 17.87 0.0000 Within groups 12,3736 51 0.24262 Total (Corr.) 25,3818 54 Multiple Range Tests for M au sac by Mau phoi tron Method: 95,0 percent LSD Mau phoi tron Count Mean Homogeneous Groups C3D2 14 3,28571 X C1D2 14 3,53846 XX C3D4 14 3,71429 X C2D2 14 4,57143 X Bang 41: Anh hirdng cua ti le phoi tron den miii bon mau hot toi uu ANOVA Table for Mui by Mau phoi tron Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-1 'alue Between groups 9,13387 3.04462 13,39 0.0000 Within groups 11,5934 51 0.227322 Total (Corr.) 20,7273 54 Multiple Range Tests for Mui by Mau phoi tron Method: 95,0 percent LSD Mau phoi tron Count Mean Homogeneous Groups C1D2 14 3,23077 X 67 C3D2 14 3,35714 XX C3D4 14 3,64286 X C2D2 14 4,28571 X Bang 42: Anh hirdng cua ti le phoi tron den vj bon mau hot toi iru ANOVA Table for Vi by M au phoi tron Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P- Value Between groups 10,5133 3.50443 18.01 0,0000 Within groups 9,92308 51 0,19457 Total (Corr.) 20,4364 54 Multiple Range Tests for Vi by Mau phoi tron Method: 95,0 percent LSD Mau phoi tron Count Mean Homogeneous Groups C1D2 14 3,07692 X C3D4 14 3,64286 X C3D2 14 3,92857 X C2D2 14 4,28571 X s 68 C0NG H O A X A H I C H U N G H I A V I E T N A M Doc lap-Tu do-Hanh phuc ******** PHONG TNCS Duong thang TP.CatVJTha D T : 07103.834127 P H I E U K E T Q U A THU* N G H I E M Sd: 096-1/25/04/2014 N a i gdi mau (dan vi ca nhan) : Nguyen Thj Hanh Dung Loai mau Bdt dinh dudng tu khoai lang tim chudi xiem So luong mau 01 Ngay nhan mau 17/04/14 Tinh trang mau binh thudng Ngay thu nghiem 18/04/14 Liru mau khong Lay mau thu nghiem tai hien trudng : khong Ket qua thu nghiem : STT TEN CHI TIEU PP THLT K E T Q U A THTT N G H I E M 01 Gluxit (%) T C V N 4594:1988 64.37 02 Vitamin C (mg/kg) Ky thuat HPLC 560.84 03 Anthocyanin (mg/kg) V i sai pH 1917.62 04 Protid (%) A O A C 968.06 5.60 05 Lipid (%) A O A C 920.39 1.26 06 Chit xo (%) A O A C 989.03 8.80 07 Tro tdng (%) AOAC 942.05 2.19 Ngay 25 thang 04 nam 2014 m.Phu trdch bd phan vd ca Ly Thj K i m L a n Trudng phong thi nghiem Tran K i m Tinh I Cac ket qua thu nghiem chi co gid tri doi vai mau gui den Ten mdu.nai gui ghi theo yeu cau khdch hang Khong duac trich,sao mot phan phieu ket qua neu khong cd su ddngy ciia trudng phong TNCS CONG HOA X A H01 CHU N G H I A ViET N A M Doc !ap : Tir do-Hanh phuc PHONG TNCS Duong thdng T P C k Tha DT: 07103.834127 P H I E U K E T Q U A THEf N G H I E M Sd: 096/25/04/2014 Nai gdi mau (don vi ca nhan) : Nguyen Thi Hanh Dung Loai mau : Bgt dinh dudng tie khoai lang'tim chudi xiem So Iirgng mau : 01 Ngay- nhan m i u : 17/04/14 Tinh trang mau : binh thudng Ngay thu nghiem : 18 /04/14 Liru mau : khong Lay mau thir nghiem tai hien trudng : khong K i t qua thu nghiem : STT 01 TEN C H i TIEU Tong vi sinh vat hieu (CFU/g) PP T H U K E T QUA THU* NGHIEP4 ISO 4833:2003 4.36X10 02 Coliforms (CFU/g) ISO 4832-2006 03 Ecoli (CFU/g) ISO 7251:2005 „ KPH KPH Ngay 25 thang 04 nam 2014 PhyL trdch bd phan him ca :~~~Tnrfrrtg phpngtfm nghiem TRUONG DAI HOC CAN THO Vo Thj Phuong Thao Tran Kim Tinh / Cac ket qua thu nghiem chi cd gia tri doi vdi mau gui den Ten mau, nai gui ghi theo yeu cau khdch hang Khong duac trich.sao mot phan phieu ket qua neu khong cd su ddngy cua truong phong TNCS ... mua mua va tu 85 den 95 d 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