Cpng ddng qud'c te dang theo ddi s i t sao nhQng thay ddi ctia chinh each ddi ngoai ctia Hoa Ky ddi vdi Iran ndi rieng va ddi vdi the gidi Islam gido ndi chung vd hy vpng chinh sac[r]
(1)CHIINH SACH IVI61 DOI V6l THE CI61 ISLAM GIAO CUA
CHINH OUYEIN BARACK OBAMA
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• gay sau len nam quyen Tdng thd'ng Hoa Ky Barack Obama dd cd nhQng dpng tEai mdi nham cii thien mdi quan he ddi vdi the gidi Islam giao, mpt mdi quan he khdng may td't dep dudi thdi George 'W Bush De thtic hien y dd nay, Chinh quyen ctia Td'ng thd'ng Barack Obama da chpn Indonesia lam diem khdi d i u Ngay 18 thang nam 2009, tan Bp trQdng Bp Ngoai giao Hoa Ky Hillary Clinton da bat d i u chuyen vieng tham tdi qudc dao niy Gidi binh luan qud'c te coi day cd the la lieu thud'c thti quan trpng ciia Chinh quyen Hoa Ky viec binh thudng hoa quan he vdi the gidi Islam giao Nhieu ngQdi hy vpng se cd nhQng thay ddi chinh sach ctia Hoa Ky ddi vdi vung Trung - Can Ddng dQdi thdi ctia vi tdng thd'ng da mau Sii kien quan trpng, dd Id cupc tra ldi phdng van d i u tien ciia Barack Obama tren kenh truyen hinh ndi tieng cua the gidi Arap cd trii sd tai Dubai Trong eupe phdng vi'n nay, ong nha'n manh rang qua khQ Hoa Ky da mac nhieu sai lim, nhQng ngQdi My khdng phai la ke thu ciia ngQdi Arap Chae chan ldi tuyen bd' nham thQc thi chinh sich mdi ctia Hoa Ky l i binh thQdng hdd quan he vdi the gidi Islam giio
TS Nguyen Van Diing
Vien Nghien ciiu Ton gido Nky tai Bp Ngoai giao Hoa Ky
lai chpn Indonesia cho chuyen cdng du d i u tien ciia Hillary Clinton vdi cQdng vi Ngoai trQdng, ma khdng chpn mpt qud'c gia ndo k h i c d Trung - Can Ddng, ndi Hoa Ky cd nhieu ldi ich chti yeu Dieu n i y cd the giai thich ring, chinh quyen mdi d Hoa Ky dang ri't than trpng viec giii quyet van de binh thQdng hda quan he vdi the gidi Islam giio Chinh sdch doi ngoai dudi thdi Tdng thd'ng C W Bush dd de lai cho nQdc My nhieu hau q u i nang ne Tdng thd'ng Barack Obama dang cd' gang giii quyet cdc van de qud'c te bang cac cdng cii ngoai giao chQ khdng p h i i bdng sQc manh nhQ ngQdi tien nhiem ciia dng Tuy nhien, tinh the hien nay, viec tien hdnh cac cudc ddm p h i n trilc tiep vdi cic nQdc Arap, ma mpt thdi gian qua dai nQdc My chi dung sQc manh, hoan toan cd the bi that bai Hoa Ky can p h i i cd nQdc ldm trung gian, v i nUdc dd la Indonesia, mpt qud'c gia cd ddng tin Islam gido nhat the gidi
(2)diem khdi dau de Hoa Ky khdi phtic lai q u a n he vdi t h e gidi Islam giao Qudc dao t r o n g sud't mpt thdi gian dai ludn tien b d n h mdt ehinh saeh t r a n h x u n g dot va giQ dQdc mdi q u a n he binh thQdng vdi ta't e i eae ben lien q u a n (ddi dich hoae c a n h t r a n h ) d T r u n g - Can Ddng Do vay, vdi vai trd t r u n g gian, I n d o n e s i a cd t h e lam dUde r i t nhieu ed mpt dUdng ldi ngoai giao mem deo vdi t a t c i cae nQdc k h u vQc nay, t r o n g cd c i Israel
Giam ddc dieu h i n h T r u n g t a m Nghien cQu Chien lUde va qud'c te eiia Indonesia Id Rizan S u k m a coi nhQng gi dang dien la sQ tai cau true chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Hoa Ky ddi vdi Trung - Can Ddng sau mdt thdi gian dai mac sai l i m cua Chinh quyen G.W Bush Nhd p h a n ti'ch ctia Vien Nghien cQu Qud'c phdng vd An ninh cua Indonesia la B a n t a r t o Bandore n h a n xet rang, chuyen edng du cua Hillary Clinton tdi mpt nUdc cd p h i n ldn cQ dan la tin dd Islam gido nhQng d i u tien vdi cQdng vi ngoai trQdng khdng gi khdc hdn la mdt tin hieu md ehinh quyen mdi ciia Hoa Ky giii tdi c i c qudc gia Islam gido khac
NhUng k h d n g p h a i t a t ca cac chuyen gia deu tin r a n g , Indonesia san s a n g ddng vai trd d a n h dU lam t r u n g gian giQa H o a Ky va t h e gidi Islam giao Ngdy t h a n g n a m 2009, t r a n g dien tQ A n t a r a - N e w s n h a n xet: "Ta't nhien, I n d o n e s i a la mpt nUdc Islam giao ldn n h i t NhQng nd hoan t o i n khdng d i m b i o trd t h d n h cdng cu chti ye'u eho b o a t ddng ddi ngoai ciia Td'ng thd'ng O b a m a C h u n g tdi se khdng md mdng r i n g nhQng moi lien he ctia dng ta vdi I n d o n e s i a nhQng giai doan trQdc day eua cupc ddi ong t a se lam cho nQdc n a y dQdc Qu tien t r o n g chinh s i c h ddi ngoai ctia Hoa Ky C h i n h s i c h ngoai giao khdng diia t r e n nhu'ng sti hdi tQdng da c i m
m a la diia vao sii t i n h toan thiic te ldi i'ch qud'c gia" TQ "hdi tQdng" d day mud'n n h a c tdi sii kien thud thieu thdi Barack O b a m a da tQng ed mpt so' n a m sd'ng cung me d I n d o n e s i a
Tai Indonesia, ngQdi t a cdn nhd tdi nhQng cudc cdng du cua Ngoai trUdng Condoliza Rice vd Tdng thd'ng George W Bush tren k h a p nQdc dang ndi len nhQng l i n sdng ehd'ng My Do vay, hien gidi l a n h dao Indonesia p h i i td t h a n trpng hdn, nha't la cac cupc b i u cti qud'c hpi va b i u cQ tdng thd'ng dang den g i n Tinh hinh cung ndng len bdi tinh t h a n chdng My cua cic tin dd Islam gido khdng hai ldng vdi viec Hoa Ky ring hp Israel cudc xung dot g i n d i y d d i i Gaza
C i e cupc bieu t i n h r i m rd v i t i n h t r a n g ldn xpn t r e n cdc dUdng phd' ciia Indonesia chdng lai chinh s i c h ddi ngoai ciia Hoa Ky, dac biet cd cac cudc cdng du den nQdc n i y ctia gidi l a n h dao cao cap Hoa Ky da dQdc nhQng p h i n tii cUc doan Islam gido ldi dung Va ca ddi vdi cdc tin dd Islam giao dn boa dieu cung khdng he ddn g i i n
(3)cdng bang viec xti ly tinh hinh d cac khu vtic khdc tren the gidi Khasim Muzadi cho r i n g , Hoa Ky cdn d k h o i n g each kha xa de hieu nhQng quan diem k h i c vdi hp Tra ldi phdng v i n t r a n g dien tti Antara -News vao thang nam 2008, Chti tich NU tuyen bd': "Tdi cho rang cpng ddng the gidi c i n phai coi trpng y kien cua Hoa Ky, nhUng nQdc My cung p h i i ddp lai nhu vay" Khasim Muzadi nhac tdi nhQng khd khan trong viec giai quyet vd'n de Israel -Palestine v i cho r i n g nhQng khd khan khdng dQde trd t h i n h liic cin viec thtic hien nhQng nguyen tac cd di ed lai giQa Hoa Ky va cpng ddng qud'c te, nghia Id cpng ddng qud'c te' coi trpng y kie'n ciia Hoa Ky, ddng thdi nQdc ndy cung p h i i Cdi trpng y kien ctia cpng ddng qud'c te Ong eung phe phan quan diem ciia Hoa Ky ddi vdi cupc dau tranh ehd'ng lai chii nghia khung bd qud'c te
Xet tren toan bp van de, viec chuyen tQ ddi dau qudn sti sang dam phan hoa binh giQa Israel vdi Palestine cdn gap rat nhieu phQc tap ve mat chinb tri ldi ich ciia cac nhdm chinh tri khac nhau, vQa dan xen vQa ddi lap Trong the gidi Islam gia.0 ngdy cing xua't hien nhieu quan diem ddi lap mud'n chiem vai trd chii dao viec giii quyet xung dot ndi bp d Palestine L i p trQdng tao cd sd cho viec t r a n h g i i n h vi tri trung tam the gidi Islam giio Van de da, dang va se la nguyen nhan ciia sii bat hoa cac lien minh trung gian giQa cic nQdc Islam giao Lieu Indonesia cd dti anh hUdng de gianh vi tri n i y ?
Trong thdi diem hien nay, cupc da'u tranh gianh vi tri ngQdi dQng dau the gidi Islam giio dang quay
vdng giQa thii linh Islam giio Qatar v i Qud'c VQdng Saudi Arabia NhQng Inddnesia, tQ cuol nam 2007 da l i mpt nhQng nQdc d i u tien nd liic het minh de hoa giai giQa phong trao F a t a h va phong trao Hamas Vdi miic dich ndy, tai J a k a r t a da dien hpi nghi qud'c te md rpng vdi sQ tham gia ctia cic dai bieu den tQ 28 qud'c gia Islam giao Muc dich chinh ciia hpi nghi la keu gpi cac p h i i doi dich d Palestine ngdi vao ban dam phan d J a k a r t a va ky hiep dinh hoa binh vdi sti t r u n g gian cua Indonesia Day la dieu kien c i n thiet de giai quye't xung dot d Trung - Can Ddng Tuy nhien, sang kie'n ciia Tdng thd'ng Indonesia da bi Qud'c vQdng Saudi Arabia Abdalla n i m lay vad d i u nam 2008 DQdi sQ trung gian ciia Abdalla, da didn cupc dam phdn giQa F a t a h v i Hamas, nhQng khdng dem lai ket qua
Khi xem xet tinh hinh d Trung -Can Ddng, khdng the khdng tinh den lap trQdng cua nhQng nQdc ting hd tich ciic phong trdo Hamas - dd l i Syria va Iran Cho tdi nay, nhQng nQdc ludn td t h i i dp thQ dich ddi vdi Israel Ben canh dd, qua mdt loat sti kien g i n day cho thd'y, tinh the cd nhQng nQdc cho'ng ddi quyet liet nhQ vay, Israel cung dang tim kiem nhQng quyet dinh t h o i hiep De thiic hien dieu nay, Israel hy vpng vao sii tham gia triic tiep ciia Indonesia
(4)Gaza va md dQdng cho vien trd n h a n dad Rd r a n g , c h u y e n cdng du cua T h u t u d n g S y r i a tdi J a k a r t a t r o n g n h Q n g n g a y d i e n r a cudc x u n g dot q u a n sQ d d m m a u d d i i G a z a k h d n g p h i i la n g a u n h i e n Mdi q u a n he giQa I n d o n e s i a vdi I r a n c u n g la mdt mdi q u a n h e dac biet T r o n g t a t c i cac bai p h a t b i e u c u a m i n h , Tdng thd'ng I r a n M a h m o u d A h m a d i n e j a d deu n h i n m a n h tdi ldi ich c h u n g ctia hai nUdc I r a n va I n d o n e s i a
Du c h a n g nQa, k h a n a n g g i i i quyet cac v a n de c h i n h t r i d T r u n g -Can Ddng b a n g cac b i e n p h a p q u a n sU da k h d n g d a t h i e u q u i Tuy nhien, viec khdi p h u c lai cac h o a t dpng ngoai giao va viec thUc hien chinh sach mdi ciia C h i n h q u y e n Hoa Ky ddi hdi p h i i cd nhQng q u a n diem k h a c m a n g t i n h n g u y e n tac va tim k i e m nhQng bien p h i p hpp t i c chinh t r i k h i e n h a u Viec C h i n h quyen O b a m a liia chpn I n d o n e s i a lam diem k h d i d i u cho cae cupc ddi thoai vdi t h e gidi I s l a m giao cd t h e Id hpp ly T u y n h i e n , lieu I n d o n e s i a cd t a n d u n g dUdc cd hpi ndy de trd t h a n h mpt t r o n g n h Q n g nQdc t r u n g gian e h i n h t r o n g cac cupc d a m p h a n hoa b i n h d T r u n g - C a n Ddng b a y khdng, dd Id dieu m a cac n h a q u a n s a t d a n g t i e p t u c t h e o ddi
Tiep t h e o I n d o n e s i a , n g i y 27 t h i n g n a m 2009, Td'ng thd'ng B a r a c k O b a m a da cdng bd' mdt chien lUdc mdi cho P a k i s t a n va A f g h a n i s t a n , h a i nQdc I s l a m giao m a nQdc My da p h a i chiu n h i e u h a o tdn ve ngQdi v i ciia M u e t i e u c h i n h cua chien lUdc mdi n a y la t i e u diet Al-Q a e d a d A f g h a n i s t a n va P a k i s t a n Vdi muc t i e u ndy, dng O b a m a t h u hep m u c t i e u ctia ngQdi t i e n n h i e m da d a t r a la xay diing mdt n h d nQdc A f g h a n i s t a n dn d i n h , t h i n h vQdng vd
d a n chti Tdng thd'ng B a r a c k O b a m a n h i n m a n h r a n g , de giQ dn dinh eho qud'c gia I s l a m gido A f g h a n i s t a n ddi hdi mdt nd iQc qud'c t e chQ k h d n g chi ciia r i e n g H o a Ky P h a n Qng ve chien iQdc mdi ciia Hoa Ky ddi vdi A f g h a n i s t a n , n g a y lap tQc eac nQde EU da h o a n n g h e n h , cdn dai dien eua Hoa Ky, Nga, T r u n g Qud'c, EU va cac nUdc T r u n g A t r o n g mpt cudc hpp mdi day t a i Moscow, t h u dd nUde Nga, da c a m k e t t a n g cUdng hd trd cudc chien ehd'ng k h i i n g bd' va budn lau ma t u y ctia A f g h a n i s t a n Tdng t h d n g A f g h a n i s t a n H a m i d K a r z a i coi chie'n lUdc n a y ciia Hoa Ky "td't hdn mong dpi", cdn Thti t u d n g P a k i s t a n Yousaf R a z a G i l a n i lai cho r a n g chien lUdc mdi p h i n d n h q u a n diem eua P a k i s t a n r a n g , chi h a n h dpng q u a n sU thdi se k h d n g p h i i la g i i i p h a p d i y dii
(5)hdp tdc chan t h a n h va tren cd sd tdn trpng lan nhau, mong mud'n Cpng boa Islam giio Iran cd vi tri dung trong cdng ddng cac nQdc Tuy nhien, theo Barack Obama, se khdng de dang dat dQdc didu Dung vay, de giai quyet bat ddng c i n p h i i cd sti nd liic tQ c i hai phia vd p h i i bang nhQng hanh dpng cu the chQ khdng p h i i chi cd tren ldi ndi Chung ta cdn nhd, trQdc dd vdo d i u thang nam 2009, chi'nh Td'ng thdng Barack Obama da tuyen bd' gia ban cic lenh trQng phat kinh te ddi vdi Iran them mdt nam vdi ly chinh sdch ma Iran dang theo dudi de dpa tdi an ninh qud'c gia cua Hoa Ky
Do dd, cac nha lanh dao ciia Iran tuy ddn nhan thdng diep ciia Tong thd'ng Hoa Ky mpt cich tich cUc nhUng van cdn nhieu mdi nghi ngd Tdng thd'ng Iran Mahmoud Ahmandinejad ndi r i n g , Iran hoan nghenh cic cupc ddm p h i n vdi Hoa Ky neu nUdc tdn trpng Iran v i thay ddi chinh sdch ddi vdi Trung Ddng Ong cho r i n g , nhQng k h i c biet q u i khQ se dQdc dat sang mdt ben, nhQng phia Hoa Ky cung cin phai thQa n h i n sai l i m ctia minh vd c i n cd h i n h ddng k h i c phuc Ldnh dao tinh t h i n tdi cao ciia Iran, Giio chti All Khomeini da tuyen bd r i n g , neu Hoa Ky thay ddi t h i i dp, Iran cQng se thay ddi Vi Iran chQa he cd kinh nghiem nao ddi vdi chi'nh quyen mdi vd t i n Td'ng thdng Hoa Ky nen nQdc ndy p h i i
quan s i t , d i n h gia, rdi se thay ddi t h i i dp ddi vdi Hoa Ky Cdn hien nay, theo Giao chti All Khomeini, Iran chQa n h a n thay mpt sti thay ddi cu the nao chinh sach ciia Hoa Ky Tuy nhien, vdi ta't ca nhQng gi dang dien ra, cd the n h a n thi'y nhQng da'u hieu thay ddi dau tien trong quan he giQa hai qud'c gia sau 30 nam t h u dich Cpng ddng qud'c te dang theo ddi s i t nhQng thay ddi ctia chinh each ddi ngoai ctia Hoa Ky ddi vdi Iran ndi rieng va ddi vdi the gidi Islam gido ndi chung vd hy vpng chinh sach mdi se gdp p h i n dem lai quan he hod binh, hdp t i c va tdn trpng lan n h a u giQa cac qud'c gia, khdng phan biet tdn giao, tin ngQdng va he thd'ng chinh tri •
Tdi lieu tham khdo: i ,ft4;b
1 Mikhail Gusev, "Cuoc h a n h quan Islam giao" cua Barack Obama,
http://rehgion.ng.ru/politic/2009-02-18/islam.html
2 Obama muon "mot khdi (Jiu m6i" vdi Iran, http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioiy2009/0,3/837236 Tha'y gi qua thong diep cua Tong tho'ng
Obama giii Iran?, Bao An ninh The gidi, 27/3/2009
4 Iran dting dUng v6i thong diep cua Obama, http://vietnamnet,vn/thegioi/2009/03/837306 Dang sau phan Ung cUng rdn cua Teheran
vcli Obama, http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioi/2009/03/837505
6 Obama tuyen bo'chien lucic mdi ve Pakistan, Afghanistan,
http://vietnan)net.cn/thegioi/2009/03/838692
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http://rehgion.ng.ru/politic/2009-02-18/islam.html http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioiy2009/0,3/837236 http://vietnamnet,vn/thegioi/2009/03/837306 http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioi/2009/03/837505 http://vietnan)net.cn/thegioi/2009/03/838692