Unit 04 volunteer work language focus 1

Friday, October 9th 2009 UNIT 4: Lesson: Language Focus Miss World /w/ New York /j/ I Pronunciation Listen and repeat /w/ we west wine wheel wet whale /j/ Yes Yellow Young Years Use York Practice these sentences We went for a walk in the woods near the railway /w/ /w/ /w/ /w/ /w/ At about twelve, we had veal sandwiches and sweet /w/ /w/ white wine, and we watched TV /w/ /w/ /w/ Did you use to live in York? /j/ /w/ /j/ /j/ I read about Hug in the newspaper yesterday /j/ /w/ II Grammar Gerund and present participle Example: a I like cooking Gerund b I am cooking Present Participle * Form: V_ing * Uses: 1.1 Gerund • as the subject of a sentence Walking is a very good exercise to stay health Subject • as complement of a verb His favorite hobby is reading complement • in a compound noun This is his swimming pool in compound noun 1.1 Gerund • after a preposition • after some verbs: enjoy, miss, finish, delay, avoid, suggest, risk… He is good at teaching Physics after a preposition They enjoy singing after some verbs V + ing Smoke swim Lie Listen Begin ….e Smoking swimming Lying Listening Beginning Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate gerund of the verbs from the box spend start behave bend wait meet park listen hearing I have no objection to………….to your story again bending Touch your toes without…………… your knees behavingso You should be ashamed of yourself for………… badly meeting I am looking forward to…………… you spending You can’t prevent him from………………his own money waiting Would you mind…………………for a moment? starting In spite of……………….late, we arrived in time 1.2 Present Participle • As part of the continuous form of a verb They are talking to each other As part of the continuous form of a verb • Used after certain verbs: go, come, spend, waste, be busy They go fishing used after certain verbs • After verbs of sensation: smell, hear, see, watch, notice, observe I can smell something burning 1.2 Present Participle • As an adjective It is an interesting film As an adjective • V + object + pre.participle (find / catch / leave) I find her lesson satisfying Find + object + present participle 1.2 Present Participle • Reduce relative clause The girl (who is) sitting on the brick wall is my sister • Replace S + V in main clause or subordinate clause Entering the room, I saw her (I + entered) Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate present participle of the verbs from the box lie modernize rise try shop read pass burn prepare burning She smelt something……………….and saw rising smoke………… reading If she catches you…………her diary, she’ll be furious They found a tree……………across lying the street shopping I’m going …………………this afternoon preparing He doesn’t spend much time………………his lesson trying They wasted a whole afternoon…………….to repair the bike modernizing They spent a lot of money…………………the house 2 Perfect Gerund and perfect participle Ex: a He admitted having stolen the bicycle perfect gerund b Having finished her work, she went home Perfect participle * Form: having + V3/ed * Use: Perfect Gerund Perfect participle is the perfect form of the gerund It is used to refer to a past action is the perfect form of the present participle It is used when one action happens before another action Homework: - Do the exercise in your notebook - Prepare Unit – Reading ... participle Example: a I like cooking Gerund b I am cooking Present Participle * Form: V_ing * Uses: 1. 1 Gerund • as the subject of a sentence Walking is a very good exercise to stay health Subject... favorite hobby is reading complement • in a compound noun This is his swimming pool in compound noun 1. 1 Gerund • after a preposition • after some verbs: enjoy, miss, finish, delay, avoid, suggest,... participle It is used when one action happens before another action Homework: - Do the exercise in your notebook - Prepare Unit – Reading