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Không thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHOM, WHICH và các trạng từ WHERE, WHEN , WHY trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định WHICH có[r]
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ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ II I Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ trạng từ quan hệ
1. Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that.
Who: được dùng để thay cho danh từ người làm chủ ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ (…… N + who + V)
The manwhois standing over there is my father. N who V
Whom: dùng thay cho danh từ người làm tân ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ (……N + whom + S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother.
N whom S V
Whose: đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay cho danh từ người hoặc danh từ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)
The house whose windows are broken is mine. N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh từ vật thay the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ thay cho danh từ đồ vật, vật việc.
Example: This is the bookwhich I like best.
That: được dùng thay cho danh từ người vật, hoặc chủ ngữ gồm người vật, sau đại từ không xác định, sau dạng so sánh nhất…
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom.
- The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous.
2 Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.
Why: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ để nguyên nhân, lí do.(có thể thay That)
I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school yesterday.
Where (=on, in, at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ địa điểm nơi chốn.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean. = The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
When (=on/ in/ at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ thời gian (có thể thay That)
I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my husband
II Vị trí giới từ mệnh đề quan hệ
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ thường đặt vị trí: trước đại từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH sau động từ.
Trong lối văn phong trang trọng, giới từ đứng trước đaị từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH
The man to whom my mother is talking is my form teacher.
Trong lối nói thân mật, giới từ thường đứng sau động từ mệnh đề quan hệ
The man whom my mother is talkingto is my form teacher.
chú ý: * không dùng giới từ với THAT WHO
* Với cụm động từ (phrasal verb) giới từ không dùng trước WHOM WHICH
* giới từ WITHOUT không dùng vị trí sau động từ The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.
III Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clause): mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, khơng có câu sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa.
The man who robbed you has been arrested.
trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that trạng từ quan hệ lối văn thân mật
The book you lent me was very interesting. Do you remember the day we met each other?
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative clause): mệnh đề cung cấp thêm
thông tin người, vật việc xác định Đây mệnh đề không thiết phải có câu, khơng có câu đủ nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định tách khỏi mệnh đề dấu phẩy dấu gạch ngang.
That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely. The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good. Không dùng đại từ quan hệ THAT mệnh đề quan hệ không
xác định
Những từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ thường: Tên riêng, tính từ sở hữu, This, That, These, Those
Không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHOM, WHICH và các trạng từ WHERE, WHEN, WHY mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định WHICH dùng để thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước nó
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, cụm từ số lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… dùng với
WHOM, WHICH WHOSE
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married. IV Dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
1 Cụm phân từ
a) Hiện phân từ (V_ing ): được dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ chia đơn, tiếp diễn, khứ đơn, khứ tiếp diễn, động từ mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mong muốn, hi vọng, mong đợi
That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle. That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle
(2)The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. 2 Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first,
the second,…, the last, the only, động từ khuyết thiếu, sau cấp so sánh cao nhất.
The captain was the last person who left the ship. The captain was the last person to leave the ship. Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
* đại từ quan hệ who(m), which, that đứng làm tân ngữ bổ ngữ ta lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệ
The man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend. The man you met yesterday is my friend.
V Câu nhấn mạnh/ Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences) 1 Câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (subject focus)
It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính làm gì….
The boy visited his uncle last month.
It was the boythat/ who visited his uncle last month
2 Câu nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)
It is/ was + O + That/ Who + S + V
The boy is learning English.
It is English that the boy is learning 3 Câu nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It is/ was + Adv of place/ time + that + S + V + (O)
She bought him a present at the shop
It was at the shop that she bought him a present 4 Câu nhấn mạnh bị động
It is/ was + O + that + is/ are/ was/ were + Vpp
People talked a lot about his house.
It was his house that was talked a lot about
VI Liên từ cặp đôi (Conjunctions)
Both …and: vừa…vừa, cả…và
Not only…but also: khơng những…mà cịn
Either…or: hoặc này, kia
Neither… nor: không không kia Both + N + and + N + V (plural): Both Mary and Tom are
students.
S + V + both + N + and + N: She plays both tennis and badminton
S + both + V + and + V: He both sings and dances.
S + be + both + adj + and + adj: She is both beautiful and intelligent.
S + V + both + Adv. phrase + and + Adv phrase: We go to school both in the morning and in the afternoon
Cách dùng Not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor tương tự both and nhiên cấu trúc động từ chia phù hợp với chủ ngữ thứ (đứng gần động từ nhất), Both … and động từ chia dạng số nhiều
Đọc hiểu: Bài đọc liên quan đến chủ đề bài: Unit 11, 12, 13 and15
LUYỆN TẬP
Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác với từ lại: 1. A bother B thoughtful C geothermal D breakthrough
2. A conquest B astronaut C Congress D psychological
3. A digit B service C notify D gigantic
4. A trained B watched C worked D stopped
5. A effort B fencing C release D devastate
6. A protect B ecologist C prohibit D potential
7. A spacious B landscape C satisfaction D facsimile
8. A exhausted B heat C prohibit D handicapped
9. A alternative B aquatic C intercultural D fertilizer
10. A gymnast B rugby C fly D variety
11. A discarded B called C operated D needed
12. A accompany B accomplish C wonder D come
13. A discharge B service C limit D beside
14. A swing B sweat C answer D swan
15. A tanks B recipients C bookshops D belongings
Chọn đáp án để hoàn thành câu sau:
16. Oil, coal and natural gas are (nuclear energy, fossil fuels, plentiful, infinite)
17. The house (which built, to build, built, building) 40 years ago is still in good condition
18. I like the food (was cooked, cooked, which cooked, cooking) by my mother
19. Vietnam is rich in (natural resources, seas, land, fish such as coal, apatite, bauxite…
20. Do you know the girl (wears, to wear, wear, wearing) a long white dress?
21. Linda was the last student (to be asked, asking, asks, to ask) at the oral exam
22. The man (is entering, entering, to be entered, enters) the bank is a millionaire
23. The singer was (served, accompanied, assisted, sounded) on the piano by her sister
24. I didn’t really feel like going out, but I am glad I (did, made, tried, acted) my effort
25. “Is this the address to (where, whom, which, that) you want the package sent?”
26. The chemistry book (that I bought it, what I bought, I bought that, I bought) was a little expensive
27. “Have you ever met the man (stands, standing, who he is standing, is standing) over there?” – No Who is he?
28. “Do you remember Mrs Goddard, (who, whom, that, which) taught us English last year?
29. “Will you find the person (who, which, that his, whose) bike you found?”
30. The Vietnamese participants took (notice, notes, part, role) in the 14th Asian
Games with great enthusiasm
31. (Spectators, Athletes, Audience, Viewers) from several countries competed in many Asian Games
32. How many sports were there (in, on, at, to) the 14th Asian Games? 33. The Olympic Games is one of the biggest sporting (problems, athletes,
cultures, events) all over the world
34. Swimming is one of the (mountainous, aquatic, racing, running) sports
(3)36. Vietnam won gold (degrees, medals, awards, boards) at the 15th Asian
Games
37. This is the novel (that, which, x, all are correct) I’ve been expecting
38. He is very good at (making, getting, accompanying, having) people singing with his guitar
39. My uncle is interested in (collect collecting, collected, to collect) stamps
40. I’m quite keen on my father’s valuable stamp (collect, collecting, collection, collector)
41. You should not indulge yourself (in, on, for, at) anything that can form a bad habit
42. I really admire him, for his (succeed, success, successful, successfully)
43. She is the only student who is good (in, on, at, with) both maths and literature in my class
44. (It was from this shop that, It was from this shop where, it was this shop which, It was this shop that) I bought the golden fish
45. It was Tom (comes, that comes, to come, who came) to help us
46. (The baby, The baby that, It was the baby who, The baby whom) the police had rescued from the fires
47. Now women work both before (or, also, nor, and) after having children
48. She has neither read the book (or seen, nor see, or see, nor seen) the film
49. We don’t have to repair the house as it is still (at, in, on, of) good condition
50. (Both Tom and Ann, Either Tom or Ann, Neither Tom nor Ann, All of Tom and Ann) were punished because they were late
51. The film was … boring… long (either/or, neither/and, both/and, either/nor)
52. She neither talked nor (show, showed, showing, shown) her feelings
53. You must either go at once or (waiting, must wait, wait, to wait) till tomorrow
54. It is the children (whom, which, x, that) were punished
55. Either I or they (are, is, was, were) enjoying the party now
56. Neither I nor she (has, have, was, were) seen the film before
57. The spacecraft lifted (on, of, off, in) at 12 A.M
58. The spacecraft is already in (ring, flight, habit, orbit) round the moon
59. Pham Tuan is the first Vietnamese (driver, sailor, spaceship, astronaut) to fly into space
60. I am the only representative of Vietnam in this competition, (not I, amn’t I, isn’t I, aren’t I)?
61. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, (do they, does it, is it, isn’t it)?
62. You don’t need any more, (do I, don’t I, you, don’t you)?
63. She can speak languages, (can she, can’t she, cannot she, does she)?
64. Wind energy is …… safe……unlimited (not only/but also, neither/nor, not only/and, either/or)
65. Neil Armstrong is the first person (to set, to walk, to work, to do) foot on the moon
66. The hotel staff is friendly and (unhelpful, courteous, discourteous, impolite)
67. All post offices in Viet Nam are equipped with advanced (knowledge, machines, science, technology)
68. You can choose to send your letters by air or (sea, land, surface, hand) mail
69. How long did Yuri Gagarin’s trip into space (lengthen, last, late, strengthen)? – Only 108 minutes
70. When spacemen travel into space they have to face enormous (certainties, uncertainties, possibilities, certainty)
71. I was not appointed to be a tour guide because I (could, couldn’t, was able to, cannot) speak English at that time
72. John does look well today, (isn’t he, does he, does him, will he)?
73. They used to work as astronauts, (don’t they, weren’t they, did they, didn’t they)?
74. They seemed to have a good time at the party, hadn’t they, had they, did they, didn’t they)?
75. A pharaoh was a (king, queen, prince, princess) of ancient Egypt
76. When a pharaoh was dead, he was (carried, hidden, dug, buried) in his pyramid
77. The pharaohs built pyramids to prepare for their (die, death, dead, dying)
78. Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as a (heritage, wonder, belonging, possession) of the modern world
79. Scientists have proposed many (miracles, theories, legends, mysteries) about the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza
80. (Bill Gates, Bill Gates says, Bill Gates is, Bill Gates is said) to be the richest man in the USA
81. Mr Pike (says to be, is said to be, is said that, said to be) the most famous archaeologist in our city
82. John (said to have been visited, is said to have visited, said to have visited, is said to have been visited) The Great Egypt of Giza
83. You have seen this film, (haven’t you, have you, you, don’t you)?
84. It is collecting stamps that he is (concerned, interested, fond, keen) in
85. Tom, (that, who, whom, whose) sits next to me, is from Canada
86. The government sent money and food to the people (which, that, whom, whose) houses were destroyed by the fire
87. People are destroying the environment by adding (pollutes, pollutions, polluted, pollutants) to it
88. Nowadays, people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (danger, threat, problem, vanishing) of becoming extinct
89. I’m not the man (that, x, whom, all are correct) you are looking for
Tìm sửa lỗi sai câu sau:
90. The waiter whom served us yesterday was impolite and rude
91. This school is only for students who’s first language is not Chinese
92. This is the girl who father is working with my father
93. He is moving to Lang Son, that is in the north-east of Viet Nam
94. The man to speak to me is John’s brother
95. He is the first person be killed in that way
96. They work in a hospital building in 1980
97. The flight on it I wanted to travel was cancelled because of the bad weather
98. It was at this shop where I bought this dictionary
99. It is my closest friend goes abroad to study next week
100. It was the cat who the boy hit
101. Listen to music is my hobby
102. Both Tom with Ann were late for class yesterday
103. Mai is no only beautiful but also intelligent
104. Both Lan and Minh is good students
105. Your grandfather could speak languages, could he?
106. The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, wasn’t it?
107. Neither they nor he are going to the play tonight
108. I believe either you or he know her secret
109. We don’t have to repair the house as it is still on good condition
(4)Viết lại câu gợi ý, giữ nguyên nghĩa câu: 112. My grandfather taught me how to collect books
It was my………
113. I bought the new dictionary from this bookshop
It was the………
114. My father loves watching football on TV So I
Both………
115. I don’t like cigarettes I don’t like beer, either I like neither………
116. Peter doesn’t know how to drive His brother doesn’t know how to drive, either
Neither………
117. John didn’t come to the party Tim didn’t come to the party
Neither………
118. 13 is an unlucky number
It ………
119. They found their dog in the garden
It was their………
120. Mary doesn’t want to go Neither her children
Neither………
121. Swimming is good for our health Listening to music is good for our health Both………
122. She is smart She is also helpful
She is not only………
123. Pike is keeping the keys or you are keeping the keys
Either………
Nối câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ:
124. Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to the girl
………
125. A lion is an animal This animal lives in Africa
………
126. I have a class It begins at p.m
………
127. The soup was too salty I had it for lunch
………
128. The lady is a famous writer You met her at the party last night
………
129. Mr Phong hasn’t come yet He is supposed to be at the meeting
………
130. Lan went back home She forgot to turn off the faucet
………
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ câu sau: 131. The young man who is talking with our teacher is Ba’s brother
………
132. The child enjoyed the chocolates which her mother bought from France ………
133. She is the only student who is selected after the examination
………
134. Do you want to visit the castles which were built in the 14th century?
………
135. Thompson is the most famous actress who appears on stage here ………
136. The captain was the last person who left the sinking ship
………
137. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom ………
138. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page ………
139. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country ………
140. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
………
Choose one word whose stress pattern is different
141 A renewable B infinite C alternative D potential
142 A consumption B resource C recipient D pesticide
143 A maintenance B geothermal C satisfaction D prohibition
144 A advance B aquatic C discharge D deepen
145 A gymnast B gymnasium C knowledge D maintenance
146 A consumption B ecologist C pesticide D endangered
147 A mountain B maintain C fountain D certain
148 A ambulance B yesterday C furniture D policeman
149 A constant B continent C consider D content (n.)
150 A computer B museum C important D visitor
151 A calculator B intelligent C impossible D American
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