- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau BY Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước BY II?. - Tình huống ở hiện tại tiếp diễn Ex: Where is Lan.[r]
(1)NGỮ PHÁP CƠ BẢN TRONG T.A 9 A CÁC THÌ VÀ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE I THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
( THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) (+) I,we,you,they,Ns + V
she,he,it, N + V(S/ES) (- ) I,we,you,they,Ns + DON’T +V she,he,it,N + DOESN’T + V ( ? ) DO + I,we,you,they, Ns + V ? DOES + she,he,it,N + V ?
* Thời gian để xác định đơn: - Everyday, everyweek, everymonth, every year, every Sunday ,
- Always, usually, often , sometimes, seldom, occasionally, constantly, never - (How often ) , once a week / one time a week , twice a week / two times a week , three times a month ,
- Sự thật hiển nhiên
* lưu ý: tobe có dạng : am,is, are S+ am/is/are
S+ am/is/are/ + not Am/Is/Are + S ?
S + BE + P.P + BY + O
S + am /is /are + V3/VED +BY + O S+am/is/are +NOT + V3/VED +BY+O am/is/are +S+ V3/VED + BY+ O? *Chú ý :
- chuyển từ chủ ngữ thành tân ngữ đứng sau BY :
I – me You- you She- her He- him We – us Lan – Lan
- By them, by people , by someone, lược bỏ
- Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau BY Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước BY II THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
TENSE ( tiếp diễn) (+) S + AM / IS / ARE + V –ING (-) S +AM / IS / ARE + NOT +V –ING (?) AM / IS / ARE + S + V –ING ? * Thời gian để xác định tiếp diễn
-Now, at the moment, at present , at this time, today,
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh
Ex: Look! The bus is coming - Tình tiếp diễn Ex: Where is Lan ?
She is in the kitchen She is cooking dinner
Lưu ý : Một số động từ cảm giác , tri giác , tình cảm thường khơng sử dụng tiếp diễn : tobe , like, love, hate, dislike, think, smell, taste , remember, forget, have ( có),
S + am/is/are + being + V3/ Ved +By+O S+am/is/are+not + V3/ Ved +By+ O am/is/are +S+ being + V3/ Ved +By+O?
(2)quá khứ đơn ) ( + ) S + Ved/ V2 ( - ) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V?
* Thời gian để xác định khứ đơn :
- Yesterday, last week , last month, last year, last Sunday , two days ago , three weeks ago , two months ago,
- in + year : in 1990, in 2000, - in the 19th century , in the past ,
S + was/ were + Ved/ V3 + By+ O S + Was / were + not + Ved/ V3 + Was/ Were + S + Ved/ V3 + ?
IV THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE ( Thì khứ tiếp diễn )
(+ ) S + was / were + V-ing (- ) S + was / were + not + V-ing (? ) Was / Were + S + V-ing ?
* Thời gian để xác định khứ tiếp diễn :
- Tại thời điểm xác định khứ : Ex: at ten o’ clock yesterday
- Hành động kéo dài thời điểm khứ : between and o’ clock last night
- Hành động diễn có hành động khác cắt ngang ( when / while )
- Hai hành động diễn // ( while )
S + was/ were + being + Ved/ V3 + S + was/ were + not+ being + Ved/ V3 + was/ were + S + being + Ved/ V3 + ?
V THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ( Thì hồn thành )
S + have / has + Ved/ V3 S + have/ has + not + Ved/ V3 Have/ Has + S + Ved/ V3 ?
*Thời gian để xác định hồn thành :
- just, already, ever, never
- yet (dùng câu phủ định nghi vấn ) , before , recently , so far , up to now - since + mốc thời gian , for + khoảng thời gian
VI THE PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE TENSE ( Thì hồn thành diễn )
S + have / has + been + V-ing S + have/ has + not + been +V-ing
S + have/ has+ been + Ved/ V3 + S + have/ has+ not + been + Ved/ V3 + have/ has+ S + been + Ved/ V3 + ? Lưu ý : I, we, you , they , Ns + have She, He , It, N + has
S + have / has + been + being+ Ved/V3 S + have/ has + not + been +being+ Ved/ V3
(3)Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ?
VI THE PAST PERFECT TENSE( quá khứ hoàn thành )
S + had + Ved/ V3 S + hadn’t + Ved/ V3 Had + S + Ved/ V3 ?
* Hay gọi tiền khứ ( trước khứ )
Ex: By ten o’ clock last night / By July , After + khứ hoàn thành , qk đơn Before + qk đơn , Qk hoàn thành
S + had + been + Ved/ V3 + S + hadn’t + been + Ved/ V3+ Had + S +been + Ved/ V3 + ?
VII THE FUTURE SIMPLE ( tương lai đơn)
S + will / shall + V S + will/ shall + not + V Will/ Shall + S + V ?
( will not = won’t ; shall not = shan’t ) * Thời gian để xác định tương lai đơn :
- tomorrow , next week , next month , next year , next Monday , tonight, in the
future ,
S + will / shall + be + Ved/ V3 + S + will/ shall + not + be + Ved/ V3 Will/ Shall + S + be + Ved/ V3 + ?
Modal verbs ( Các động từ tình thái < khiếm khuyết> )
Can, could , may, might, should, must, have to, ought to , be going to , used to , S + modal verbs + V
S + modal verbs + not + V Modal verbs + S + V ?
* Lưu ý : Have to dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi giống với động từ thường Ex: I don’t have to this work
S + modal verbs + be + Ved /V3 + S + modal verbs + not + be + Ved/ V3+ Modal verbs + S + be + Ved/ V3+ ?
By MaiTran
B REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT INDIRECT( REPORTED SPEECH )
I,we,you,they,Ns + V
she,he,it, N + V(S/ES) I,we,you,they,Ns + DON’T +V she,he,it,N + DOESN’T + V
( + ) S + Ved/ V2 ( - ) S + didn’t + V (+) S + AM / IS / ARE + V –ING
(-) S +AM / IS / ARE + NOT + V –ING
(4)S + have / has + Ved/ V3
S + have/ has + not + Ved/ V3 S + had + Ved/ V3 S + hadn’t + Ved/ V3 S + will / shall + V
S + will/ shall + not + V Can
May Must Have to
S + would / should + V S+ wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V Could
Might Had to Had to
This
- These
- Here
- Now
- Today
- Ago
- Yesterday
- Tomorrow
- Next week
That those there then that day before
the day before/ the previous day the day after/ the following day the week after/ the following week
Những thay đổi áp dụng cho loại câu a/ Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh:
- " Hurry up , Lan" -> He told Lan to hurry up
- " Don't hurry up, Lan" -> He told Lan not to hurry up
b/ Tường thuật câu hỏi: Có loại 1/ Yes/ no questions:
- " Are you tired?" -> He askes me if / whether I was tired
" Will Tom be here tomorrow?" -> She asked me if / whether Tom would be there the day after
2/ WH- questions
- " What time does the film begin?" -> He wanted to know what time the film began
- " Who are you?" -> He asked her who she was
c/ Tường thuật câu kể:
- " I will go to Hue tomorrow", said Miss Chi -> Miss Chi said she
would go to Hue the following day
- "I'm having a wonderful time here.",said Mai -> Mai said she was
having a wonderful time there
C WISH SENTENCES Điều ước không thực tương lai
S + WISH (ES) + S + WOULD / SHOULD + V Can – could
May – might
Điều ước không thực
S+ wish(es) + S + Ved/ V2 ( S + didn’t + V )
(5)3 Điều ước không thực khứ
S + wish ( ed) + S + had + Ved / V3 ( S + hadn’t + Ved/ V3 ) D CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1 Modals with IF:
o If you want to improve your English, we can help you
2 Conditional sentences: type If + S + V ( s/ es) , S
+ will + V
, please + V
, let’s + V
o If we work hard, we will make this beach a clean and beautiful place again
3 Conditional sentences: type 2: If + S+ Ved / V2 , S +
would/ could/ might + V
o If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
o If I were him, I would tell the trust
4 conditional sentences : type : If + had + Ved/ V3 , S + would / should / could / might + have + Ved/ V3
If I had seen her, I would have told you yesterday
E RELATIVE CLAUSES
who/ which/ whom/ whose: Là đại từ liên hệ dùng để nối mệnh đè với mệnh đề phụ
a WHO : người, làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ
The man is Mr Pike He is standing overthere
o The man who is standing overthere is Mr Pike mệnh đề liên hệ
b WHOM: người, làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ
The woman is my aunt You saw that woman yesterday
o The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt
( WHOM bỏ : The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt.)
c WHICH: vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ
The book is very interesting That book is on the table
o The book which is on the table is very interesting d WHOSE: thay cho tính từ sở hữu : my, her, his
The girl is pretty Her eyes are brown