The long term

Praise for The Long Term “The Long Term is a powerful collection of voices, curated and edited by a powerful lineup of veteran organizers and radical thinkers The writers in this collection make a compelling and eloquent case against ‘the prison nation’ and give us a glimpse of the resistance and the alternatives that are already in the works.” —Barbara Ransby, author of Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the Twenty-First Century “As I read this book, I savor the words of s/heroes with whom I’ve stood shoulder to shoulder in struggle and new voices that carry me to spirits and spaces that I now know deeply connect to my life and work As the title tells us, captured lives inside and ongoing resistance are inexorably linked to struggles for freedom wherever we find them This beautifully textured book offers so many entry points into stories of trauma that give rise to life-breathing resistance; solidarity even across bodily separation that fuels our collective creativity; and reasons not only for despair but for confidence in our combined vision and work The freedom struggles reflected in the pages of this book and represented by its very publication offer us wisdom and inspiration to keep moving not only against oppression but onward in liberation.” —Mimi Kim, PhD, School of Social Work, California State University, Long Beach and founder of TORCH, Training and Organizing Resources for Community Health “The essays collected in The Long Term address essential questions facing contemporary movements: ‘What must be transformed and built to eliminate harm, cultivate strong communities, and create forms of authentic public safety? What are the levers and the mind-sets that make prisons and policing appear logical, necessary, and possible?’ This collection pulls together brilliant insights from writers inside and outside prisons, making critical insights and proposals about what it will take to get rid of police and prisons and build real safety and justice This book is a must-read for anyone fighting against racism and criminalization The Long Term is full of insightful, practical wisdom about how the punishment system is operating, what is fueling it, what reform attempts are inadvertently propping it up, and what kinds of work are actually necessary to abolish it The Long Term is a bold and important contribution to feminist, anti-racist, and anti-punishment scholarship and activism.” —Dean Spade, Associate Professor, Seattle University School of Law, and author of Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law The Long Term Resisting Life Sentences, Working Toward Freedom Edited by Alice Kim, Erica R Meiners, Audrey Petty, Jill Petty, Beth E Richie, and Sarah Ross © 2018 Alice Kim, Erica R Meiners, Audrey Petty, Jill Petty, Beth E Richie, Sarah Ross Published in 2018 by Haymarket Books P.O Box 180165 Chicago, IL 60618 773-583-7884 www.haymarketbooks.org info@haymarketbooks.org ISBN: 978-1-60846-900-0 Trade distribution: In the US, Consortium Book Sales and Distribution, www.cbsd.com In Canada, Publishers Group Canada, www.pgcbooks.ca In the UK, Turnaround Publisher Services, www.turnaround-uk.com All other countries, Ingram Publisher Services International, IPS_Intlsales@ingramcontent.com Cover artwork by Damon Locks This book was published with the generous support of Lannan Foundation and Wallace Action Fund Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available Contents List of Images Introduction: The Rise of Long-Term Sentences and Teaching Inside as Feminist, Abolitionist Labor Section 1: We Are Alive Introduction Prison Is Not Just a Place, by Raul Dorado Larger Than Life: Building a Movement across Prison Walls to Abolish Death by Incarceration, by Felix Rosado, David Lee, and Layne Mullett It Do What It Do (Me & Homer Talk Poetry), by Krista Franklin On Leaving Prison: A Reflection on Entering and Exiting Communities, by Monica Cosby Long-Term Separation, by Efrain Alcaraz Time after Time: For Transgender Women, Trauma and Confinement Persist after Sentences End, by Toshio Meronek, with Cookie Bivens A Living Chance: Adrienne Skye Roberts Interviews Ellen Richardson, Kelly Savage, Amber Bray, Rae Harris, Barbara Chavez, Judith Barnett, Mary Elizabeth Stroder, Stacey Dyer, Natalie DeMola, and Laverne DeJohnette “Be a Panther When You Get to Angola”: A Conversation between Albert Woodfox and Beth E Richie Survival Kits Section 2: Long-Term Sentencing, Illusions of Safety, and the Pursuit of Toughness Introduction Long Division, by Tara Betts Lock ’Em Up and Throw Away the Key: The Historical Roots of Harsh Sentencing and Mass Incarceration, by James Kilgore Rethinking Truth-in-Sentencing in Illinois, by Joseph Dole A Kinder, Gentler System? A Look across the Border at Long-Term Sentences in Canada, by Meenakshi Mannoe Football Numbers, by Phil Hartsfield Two Terms: The Effects of Long-Term Sentencing, by Benny “Don Juan” Rios Coming Out of the Digital Closet, by David Booth Concentrating Punishment: Long-Term Consequences for Disadvantaged Places, by Daniel Cooper and Ryan Lugalia-Hollon Suspension, by Kristiana Rae Colón 10 “Mass Incarceration” as Misnomer, by Dylan Rodríguez 11 On Being Human, by Kathy Boudin Section 3: For Feminist Freedoms: Confronting Misogyny and White Supremacy through Abolition Politics and Anticapitalist Practices Introduction “Do We Want Justice, or Do We Want Punishment?”: A Conversation about Carceral Feminism between Rachel Caïdor, Shira Hassan, Deana Lewis, and Beth E Richie The Longest Long Term: Colonization and Criminalization of First Nations’ Land and Bodies, by Boneta-Marie Mabo Against Carceral Feminism, by Victoria Law Circles of Grief, Circles of Healing, by Mariame Kaba Fund Black Futures as an Abolitionist Demand, by Janaé E Bonsu Meditations on Abolitionist Practices, Reformist Moments, with Rachel Herzing and Erica R Meiners Ten Strategies for Cultivating Community Accountability, by Ann Russo Section 4: Building Resistance for the Long Term Introduction By Any Means Necessary: Reflections on Malcolm X’s Birthday—What If What’s Necessary Is Awe-Inspiring, Unconditional, Militant Love?, by adrienne maree brown Loving Inward: The Importance of Intimacy, by Jermond “JFresh” Davis “Making the We as Big as Possible”: An Interview with Damon Williams, by Alice Kim Schooling and the Prison-Industrial Complex, by People’s Education Movement Chicago: Erica R Davila, Mathilda de Dios, Valentina Gamboa-Turner, Angel Pantoja, Isaura B Pulido, Ananka Shony, and David O Stovall Uprooting the Punitive Practices of New York’s Parole Board, by Mujahid Farid Ban the Box and the Impact of Organizing by Formerly Incarcerated People, by Linda Evans #CLOSErikers, by Janos Marton A Mother Confronts Chicago Police Torture, by Mary L Johnson 10 Pelican Bay Hunger Strike: Building Unity behind Bars, by Claude Marks and Isaac Ontiveros 11 The Lil’ Paralegal Who Could and the Birth of a New Law, by Patrick Pursley Playlists and Liner Notes Section 5: Litanies for Survival Introduction Whole Foods, Black Wall Street, and My 13-Inch Flat-Screen TV, by Andre Patterson Life on the Registry, by Tammy Bond Contradictory Notes on a Question: Harrison Seuga on What It Means to Be Free, Stay Free, and to Free Others, by Roger Viet Chung “Strugglin’, Strivin’, and Survivin’”: An Interview with Damien, Carlthel, and Elizabeth Brent, by Sarah Ross Beyond Survivor’s Guilt: Responding to a Sibling’s Incarceration, by Maya Schenwar Breaking Walls: Lessons from Chicago, by Alice Kim Affirmation, by Eve L Ewing Formerly Incarcerated, Convicted People and Families Movement Platform, by FICPFM Acknowledgments Notes Permissions Contributors Index List of Images Survival Kits, mixed media, Chuck Brost, Raul Dorado, and Jason Muñoz, 2017 Prison Is Not Feminist, laser print, 2017, Sarah Ross, print; Mariame Kaba, quote Sisters Inside, Boneta-Marie Mabo, 2011 #StopTheCops to #FundBlackFutures, 2015, Sarah-Ji #CLOSErikers “Richard Riker” billboard, David Etheridge-Bartow, 2017 Playlists and Liner Notes, George Gomez, Daniel Scott, and Elton Williams, laser print, 2017 No Los Olvidamos/We haven’t forgotten you, linoleum block print, Thea Gahr, 2010 Introduction The Rise of Long-Term Sentences and Teaching Inside as Feminist, Abolitionist Labor In 2011, when the Prison + Neighborhood Arts Project (P+NAP)—a group of artists, scholars, organizers, and writers—started teaching arts and humanities classes at Stateville prison in Illinois, our work was organized by the prison administration under a program called “Long-Term Offenders.” The abbreviation LTO, casually written on institutional paperwork and used by prison guards, is the prison administration’s shorthand for people who are serving long-term sentences, meaning life without parole or virtual life sentences of fifty years or more For the people we met in our classes at Stateville prison, the term “LTO” signals something profound: it represents the nation’s ideological and political commitments to the long-term removal of people from their communities into prisons, a label that condemns many to a continuously controlled life In this book we deploy the notion of the long term to show how the impacts of long-term sentencing extend beyond prison walls The loss of family, community, and resources and the struggle against targeted criminalization are woven into the fabric of our everyday lives Long-term sentencing is only the most blatant example of the “prison nation,” a term provided by activist, scholar, and coauthor Beth E Richie.1 Although Illinois successfully abolished the death penalty in 2011 after a decade-long moratorium on executions, students in our classes are still condemned to die in prison They are among the nearly 206,000 people serving life or virtual life sentences in the United States, according to 2017 research from the national advocacy organization the Sentencing Project Policies implemented in the 1980s and 1990s—particularly life without the possibility of parole, mandatory minimums, and “three strikes and you’re out” laws— contributed to a prison population increase of more than 1.5 million people over the last thirty years As the number of people in prison has increased, so, too, has the severity of their sentences Illinois, our home state, is one of six states where all life sentences are imposed without the possibility of parole As the Sentencing Project outlines, of the 5,092 people serving life or virtual life sentences in Illinois in 2017, 68 percent were Black people while the state’s total Black population was estimated at 14.7 percent.2 This engineered pattern is evident throughout the nation Reflecting the structural racism that is endemic to the criminal legal system, one in five Black people in prison in the United States is sentenced to virtual life or life sentences Young people are not immune either: some twelve thousand people nationwide were sentenced to long terms as juveniles Almost one-half of women serving life without parole are survivors of physical or sexual violence, illustrating the clear link between gender violence and state violence The national advocacy organization Families Against Mandatory Minimums reports that people released from prison in 2009 served sentences that were, on average, more than a third longer than those of prisoners released in 1990 The tally is staggering, a consequence of the so-called tough-on-crime logic that powered the policies that lock people up and throw away the key This framework to restore “law and order” moved into the conservative lexicon in the 1960s to directly assault Black power and civil rights movements From Richard Nixon, whose 1968 presidential campaign focused continually on crime and urban unrest, to Ronald Reagan’s war on drugs, to Bill Clinton’s 1994 crime bill, politicians across the political spectrum evoked the threat of crime to criminalize nonwhite, particularly Black, communities.3 Not simply a conservative political agenda, reforms advanced by Democrats, some in the name of ending racial bias in sentencing, also contributed to the expansion of our carceral state over the last three decades, as scholar Naomi Murakawa outlines in The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America.4 The massive buildup of carceral control—systems of surveillance, criminalization, and confinement operated by federal, state, and local governments—has earned the United States the distinction of being the world’s leader in incarceration From metal detectors in public schools to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids at work sites, carceral practices are facts of everyday life Every year eleven million people cycle through local jails around the country, and others are subjected to detention centers, electronic monitoring regimes, and other forms of punitive surveillance and control As in many other states, the majority of people in Illinois state prisons come from urban areas; Chicago neighborhoods with engineered racial isolation experience grotesquely asymmetrical investment in police rather than in quality and equitable public schools In 2013 the Chicago Reporter calculated that the annual price tag to lock up residents from just one block in Austin, an African American neighborhood on Chicago’s West Side, was an estimated $4 million with the cost rising to $644 million for all of Austin.6 The shifting of financial resources away from education and into punishment and surveillance also holds true inside prisons, where resources for meaningful programming are scant Not surprisingly, the rise of long-term sentences coincided with the loss of programs aimed at “rehabilitation.” The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, the most expansive crime bill in the nation’s history, decimated higher education programs in prison by eliminating Pell Grants that provided federal financial aid for incarcerated students As a result of this loss, approximately 350 secular college programs in prisons closed Today, higher education programs inside are slowly being rebuilt through partnerships between colleges, nonprofits, and state departments of correction.7 Gillian Harkins and coauthor Erica R Meiners point out that these programs are uneven in their goals, ideological allegiances, and institutional structures.8 This growth has coincided with increased public scrutiny on the problem of mass incarceration over the last decade Yet today, in many states, people with life sentences, those ineligible for parole, or those marked as gang-involved or who have convictions for sexual offenses are often placed at the back of the line for the limited educational or vocational opportunities that are available These discriminatory practices operationalize the “throw away the key” rhetoric, leaving people inside describing prison as a “living grave.” Just as funding for public schools and higher education in the free world has been siphoned away, so too has state support for services and resources in prison When P+NAP started at Stateville prison, the John Howard Association (JHA) of Illinois, a prison watchdog organization, had disclosed in their 2010 Monitoring Report: “Like all maximum-security prisons in Illinois, Stateville has extremely limited educational or vocational opportunities The prison offers a small GED program, a barber program, as well as a handful of on-site industries jobs for its approximately 2,550 population,” but most people who are incarcerated at Stateville “have nothing to but sit in their cell.”9 In this same report, JHA noted that the Illinois Department of Corrections’ policy dictates that people with shorter sentences take available educational and vocational classes ahead of those with longer sentences, which effectively bars many people with long-term sentences from participating in programming Hawaii, 242 Heart of Uptown Coalition, 35 Herman, Judith, 234 Hernandez, Andres L., 281 heteropatriarchy, 13, 16 Holder, Eric, 150, 151 Holmes, Anthony, 309, 313 Homan Square, 222, 224–25 Homes for Hope, 250 HOPE, 319 Horton, Willie, 91 Housing Authority of New Orleans (HANO), 251 Houston, Texas, 130 Howard, Stanley, 314 HUD See US Department of Housing and Urban Development Huerta, Gabriel, 270 Human Rights Coalition, 25 Human Rights Commission, 243 hunger strikes, 66–67, 265–74 Hurricane Katrina, 250 Idaho State Penitentiary, 266 If They Come in the Morning (Davis and Aptheker), 11 Illinois, 3, 36, 39, 267 Cicero, 115 concentrated incarceration in, 125 Cook County, 128 death penalty in, 1, 311, 314–15 law in, 112–13, 278–79, 296 life sentences in, 2, 95, 102 sex offender registry in, 296 state police in, 277 Stateville prison in, 1, 4, 6–7, 13, 21, 117, 172, 276, 292 truth-in-sentencing laws in, 102–6, 114 Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC), 102–4, 128 Imagine a World without the Box, 254 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 3, 324 Imprisoned Intellectuals (James), 11 INCITE!, 7, 160, 181, 183, 205, 312 Indigenous people, 108, 110, 111 See also First Nations, Native Americans, specific cultures Institute for Research on Race and Public Policy, 230 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 311 International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), 193 International Convention on the Rights of the Child, 93 International Megan’s Law, 298 Inuit people, 111 Invisible Institute, 236 Invisible Punishment (Mauer and Chesney-Lind), 150 Israel, 267 Jackson, George, 27, 265–68 Jailhouse Lawyers (Abu-Jamal), 11 Jamaa, Sitawa Nantambu, 270, 275 James, Joy, 11 Jenner & Block, 279 Jim Crow, 27, 311 John Howard Association (JHA), Johnson, Eddie, 112 Johnson, Janetta, 46 Johnson, Lyndon, 126 Johnson, Lynne, 164 Johnson, Mary L., 310 Johnson, Michael, 310 Joint Venture, 54 Jones, Michelle, 253–54 Justice Now!, 12 Justice Policy Institute, 92 JustLeadershipUSA, 254, 259, 261, 289, 319 juvenile detention, 46, 69–70, 184–91, 221, 323–24, 328 Kaba, Mariame, 161–62, 312 Kansas, 93 Karakatsanis, Andromache, 108 Kasich, John, 248 Keller, Helen, 58 Kentucky, 130, 257 Kilgore, James, 289 Kim, Mimi, 181 King, Robert, 59, 61, 66, 68–70, 72 Kruzan, Sara, 57, 97–98 Ku Klux Klan, 294 Lack on Lack (Colón and Williams), 220 The Lady Finger (newsletter), 211 Lamar, Kendrick, 218 Lambda Legal, 98, 337 Las Vegas, 319 Latinx people, 212, 230, 232, 321 Law, Victoria, League of United Latin American Citizens, 319 Lebrón, Lolita, 87 Lee, Alex, 46 Legal Services for Prisoners with Children, 289, 319 Legend, John, 249 Lesbian Avengers, 211–12 LGBTQ people, 40, 180, 211, 326, 371 See also queer people, specific identities life without the possibility of parole, 53 as “death by incarceration,” 25–28 growth of, 86 in Illinois, 102 juveniles and, 9, 93–94 labor and, 54 in Michigan, 90–91 organizing and, 56, 241 prison population increase and, three strikes laws and, 92 women and, 98 Lippman Commission Report, 261 “Litany for Survival” (Lorde), 290 Loeffler, Charles, 123, 125–26 Logan Correctional Center, 39 Long Beach, California, 245 Lopez, Oscar, 70 Lorde, Audre, 7, 290 Los Angeles, 46, 87, 130, 245, 248, 319 Lost Voices, 221, 224 Louisiana, 59, 61, 63, 68, 88, 94, 251, 255 Louisiana Prison Education Coalition, 255 Louisiana State Penitentiary, 61, 63, 68 Louisville, Kentucky, 130 Love & Protect, 40 MacKenzie, John, 156–58 Madigan, Lisa, 278 Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, 199, 349 Mallory, Mark, 248 mandatory minimum sentences, 91–94, 98–101 in Australia, 175 in Canada, 108 Democrats and, guns and, 113 prison population increase and, racist application of, 95 Rockefeller laws and, 89–90, 100 truth-in-sentencing laws and, 103 women and, 98 Mandela, Nelson, 12 Manhattan House of Detention, 62 Martin, Trayvon, 11, 180, 189, 192 Maryland, 257 Massachusetts, 245 Mauer, Marc, 11, 149 Mayer, Carla, 313 May, Lyle, 19–20 McAuliffe, Terry, 256 McBath, Lucia, 189 McCann, Warden, 276 Meadows, Bresha, 40 Meiners, Erica R., Memphis, Tennessee, 130 Men Against Sexism, 211, 212 Metis people, 111 Mexico, 42–45, 152, 266 Michigan, 90, 94, 255 Middle East, 168 Miller v Alabama, 94 Milwaukee, 125, 130 Minneapolis, 319 Mississippi, 103–4, 367 Mitchell, Stanley, 95 Mogul, Joey, 311 Moms United Against Violence and Incarceration, 40 Moreno, Joe, 309 Munbarra people, 174–77 Murakawa, Naomi, Muslims, 168 My Brother’s Keeper, 308 NAACP, 150, 151 Name and Dignity Act, 49 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 22 National Alliance for the Empowerment of the Formerly Incarcerated, 289, 319 National Council for Urban Peace and Justice, 319 National Council of Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women and Girls, 257 National Criminal Justice Commission, 149, 347 National Day Laborer Organizing Network, 199 National Employment Law Project, 249 National Exhoodus Council, 319 National Institute of Justice, 99, 338, 340, 343 Nation of Islam, 266 Native Americans, 57, 87, 160 New Abolitionist, 314 Newark, New Jersey, 87 New Haven, 307 New Jersey, 100 New Jim Crow (Alexander), 12, 91, 150, 230 New Orleans, 15, 62, 97, 130, 188, 245, 250–51, 319 New Orleans Parish Prison, 62–63 Newton, Huey, 218, 272 New York, 238, 266, 319 See also Attica Prison uprising Bedford Hills Correctional Facility in, 155 domestic violence policing in, 178–80 Education from the Inside Out in, 254–55 Fishkill prison in, 156 Harlem, 61 juvenile justice system in, 93 parole system in, 157–58, 238–39 Rikers Island jail in, 19, 93, 259–61 Rockerfeller laws in, 89–90, 100 Tombs, 62 truth-in-sentencing laws in, 92 upstate, 62, 88 New York City, 100, 130, 211, 259–61 New York Fashion Week, 197 New York State Legislature, 89 New York Times, 89, 253 New York University, 253 Nixon, Richard, 2, 331 Norsworthy, Michelle, 98 North Carolina, 93 North Carolina Correctional Center, 266 Northrup, Solomon, 188–89 Northwestern Law School, 279 November Coalition, 307 Nunn, Dorsey, 319 NYU Law School, 150 Oakland, California, 179, 195, 200, 289, 299, 319 Oakland Power Projects, 199 Oak Park, Illinois, 122 Obama, Barack, 218, 219 Ban the Box and, 249 Chicago and, 232 International Megan’s Law and, 298 prison reform and, 8–9, 11, 150–51, 158, 195 solitary confinement and, 69 Office of the Correctional Investigator, 108, 340 Ohio, 247–48, 267 Ohio Justice and Policy Center (OJPC), 247–48 Ohio Organizing Collaborative, 248 Ojibwa people, 110 Oklahoma, 294 Oklahoma State Penitentiary, 266 Olson, David, 104 “Opening the Black Box: The Charge Is Torture,” 312 Ordinary People’s Society, 245, 319 Palestinians, 267 Panther 21, 62 Pantoja, Angel, 229 parole abolished in Illinois, 102–3 in Canada, 108–9 in Chicago, 36, 38 commutation to eligibility for, 57–58 conditions of, 38, 50, 299–300, 322 denial of, 156–58 in New Orleans, 251 in New York, 238–39 welfare and, 179 Parole Resource Center, 56 Patterson, Aaron, 314 Patterson, Ricky, Peace and Justice Community Summits, 242–43 Pelican Bay, vii, 152, 265, 267, 269–73 Pell Grants, 3, Peltier, Leonard, 70, 90 Penitentiary of New Mexico, 266 Pennsylvania, 25–26, 28–29, 93, 96, 255 Pennsylvania State Correctional Institution, 25–26 Pentagon, 87 People Against Injustice, 307 People’s Law Office, 313 Perez, James Mario, 270 Perez, Raymond “Chavo,” 270 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act, 179 Pew Center on the States, 106 Pew Charitable Trusts, 185 Philadelphia, 7, 25, 150, 319 Philly’s Pissed, Philly Stands Up, Piadram people, 174–77 PICO (People Improving Communities through Organizing), 249 Piepzna-Samarasinha, Leah Lakshmi, 181–82 Piercy, Marge, Pittsburgh, 319 police, abolition of, 8, 195–96, 198–99 antiviolence movements and, 160, 211 in Atlanta, 246 Attica Prison uprising and, 266 Australian, 175 Black Panther Party and, 87, 90 Brent and, 301–2 BYP100 on, 192–94 in Chicago, 3, 5, 15, 90, 112, 200, 212, 222–23, 225, 230–31, 236, 262–64, 309–11 concentrated incarceration and, 128–30 Crime Act and, 103 Crime Prevention and Information Center, 230 domestic violence and, 171–72, 178–83 FICPFM on, 324–25 funding for, 105–6, 179, 212 Holder on, 150 informants for, 277 murder of, 156 murders by, 90, 150, 153, 196–97, 212, 214, 222–23 music about, 284–85 Obama on, 151 reforms of, 195–201 resources on, 236 in schools, 169, 201, 230 sex work and, 164 trans people and, 169 Trump and, 11, 15, 197 violence of, 217, 307 white people and, 148 Woodfox on, 71–72 Pontiac penitentiary, 302 Powell, Louis, 270, 275 Pratt, Geronimo Ji-Jaga, 90 Primary Group Inc., 319 Prison Industry Authority, 54, 334 prison nation, 1, 14, 160, 190, 228, 231 Prison + Neighborhood Arts Project (P+NAP), 1, 4–5 Prison Policy Initiative, 9, 331 Project NIA, 310 Providence, Rhode Island, 319 PTSD, 234, 237 Puerto Rican Independence Movement, 90 Puerto Ricans, 87 Pupovac, Jessica, 104 Quarles, Vonya, 252 Queensland, 174, 176 queer people, 7–8 Black Lives Matter and, 12 immigration and, 201 leadership by, 160 Race to Incarcerate (Mauer), 11 Ramadan, 276 Rauner, Bruce, 117, 342 Razor Wire (newspaper), 307 Reagan, Ronald, 2, 91 Real War on Crime (National Criminal Justice Commission report), 149 Redd, Paul, 270, 275 Release Aging People in Prison, 289 “Reparations Now,” 262 Reparations Ordinance for Chicago Police Torture Survivors, 309 Republicans, 9, 91, 248, 252, 256 restorative justice, 7, 39–41, 117 Richie, Beth E., 1, 190–91 Right Redemption, 25 Riker, Richard, 260 Rikers Island, 19, 93, 259–61 Riverside, California, 252 Riverside Church Prison Ministry, 319 Roberts, Dorothy, 189–90 Rockefeller drug laws, 89–90, 100 Rockefeller, Nelson, 89, 238, 266 Rojas, Paula X., 15 Ross, Sarah, 162 Rovner, Joshua, 231 Russia, 124 R v Lyons, 109 R v Summers, 108 Ryan, Bill, 278–79 Ryan, George, 311, 314 Sacramento, 245 Safe and Fair Evaluations Parole Act, 239 Sampson, Robert, 122–23, 125–26 San Antonio, Texas, 245, 319 San Bernardino, California, 245, 250 San Diego, 245 Sandoval, Alfred, 270, 275 San Francisco, 46–47, 49, 242–44, 246, 299, 319 San Francisco Board of Supervisors, 243–44 San Quentin State Prison, 88, 265, 299, 361 Schenwar, Maya, 10 school-to-prison-pipeline, 200, 230–31 Scott, Daniel, 284–85 Scott, Jill, 219 Seale, Bobby, 89, 218 Seattle, 211, 254 Security Housing Unit (SHU), 271 Security Threat Group (STG), 271 Sentencing Project, 2, 9, 12, 93, 98, 112, 230 Servin, Dante, 222 Sessions, Jeff, 11 Seuga, Harrison, 299–300 sex offender registries, 119–21, 196, 198, 296–98, 318 See also Unbash Map Project sexual violence, 204, 255 against trans people, 46, 98 at Angola Prison, 65 by prison guards, 326 carceral feminism and, 164–72 children and, 198, 211 collective support and, 207–8 convictions for, 165 counseling for, 39 incarcerated women and, 2, 181 movements against, 8, 56, 196, 198, 211 racism and, 91, 160 restorative justice and, sex offender registries and, 120 Shakur, Assata, 19, 212 Shakur, Mutulu, 70 Sharpton, Al, 221 Shoats, Russell “Maroon,” 70 Short Corridor Collective, 267, 270 Simmons, Tarra, 254 Sisters Inside, ix, 176, 177 slavery, 152, 232, 307, 325 legacy of, 12, 28, 311 LWOP and, 54 Northup on, 188–89 resistance to, 27 Riker and, 260 separations under, 23–24, 264 wealth from, 219 Smith, Frank “Big Black,” 89 Smith, Rosalyn, 156, 158 Socialist Workers Party, 90 Social Justice Initiative, 59–60 Sokoloff, Natalie, 182 solitary confinement, 5, 14, 93–94, 326 at Angola Prison, 59, 61, 63, 65–71 Browder in, 93 of juveniles, 69–70 prisoner organizing and, 265, 267–70, 272–73 Solitary Watch, 94, 337 Solutions Not Punishment, 246 Southern Coalition for Social Justice, 319 Spanish language, 22, 54, 56 special housing unit (SHU), 94, 269–71, 273–75, 326 “Stand Your Ground” laws, 180 Stanley-Jones, Aiyana, 214 Starhawk, 39 Starting Over Inc., 252 Stateville Speaks Newsletter, 278 State University of New York (SUNY), 254–55 Stateville prison, 1, 4, 6–7, 13, 21, 117, 172, 276, 292 step-down program (SDP), 271 Sterling, Alton, 224 StoryTelling and Organizing Project, 181, 183 Students for a Democratic Society, 90 Supreme Court of Canada, 107–10 Survival Day, 19, 35 Sylvia Rivera Law Project, 12, 98 Tackling Violent Crime Act, 110 Take Back the Night, 207 Tamms Correctional Center, 263 Teachers for Social Justice (TSJ), 236 Tehachapi prison, 268, 270 Texas, 245, 267, 319 “The Revolution Starts at Home,” 181, 183 Thirteenth Amendment, 27 Thompson, Heather, 88 “three strikes” laws, 92, 111, 327 in California, life without parole and, 92 prison population increase and, Time for Change, 250 Time Is Now to Make a Change, 319 Title IX, 164 Tombs prison, 62 Torres Strait, 176, 367 Transgender, Gender Variant, and Intersex Justice Project (TGIJP), 46, 47, 51, 319 trans people, 7, 14, 46–52, 97–98, 101, 181, 321, 326 Black, 98 leadership by, 160 police and, 169 trust in law of, 166 Treatment Alternatives for Safe Communities, 38 Troxell, Danny, 270, 275 Trump, Donald, 11, 195, 197, 238, 255 “Trust” (Pantoja), 229 Truth in Sentencing Act, 108, 340 truth-in-sentencing laws, 92, 93, 117 in Illinois, 102–6, 114 mandatory minimum sentences and, 103 Truthout, 308 Tulsa, Oklahoma, 294 Turner, Nat, 27 Twelve Years a Slave (Northup), 188–89 Unbash Map Project, 211 Underground Railroad, 27–28 Uniprison (blog), 319 Unitarian Universalist Prison Ministry, 39 United Nations, 269, 311, 321 United Nations Committee Against Torture, 311 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 321 United Prisoners Union, 88 University of Illinois Chicago, 59–60 Uptown People’s Law Center, 34, 38–39 Uptown People’s Learning Center, 35 Urban Institute, 86, 95, 96 US Capitol, 87 US Commission on Safety and Abuse in America’s Prisons, 273 US Congress, 87, 91, 103 US Constitution, 64, 71, 267 US Department of Housing and Urban Development, 249–50 US Department of Justice, 102–3, 196 US House of Representatives, 249 US Supreme Court, 9, 26, 94, 254 Vera Institute of Justice, 104, 340 Vermont, 93 Victims of Crime Act, 166 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), 166, 168, 178–79 Virginia, 256 Voice of the Ex-Offender, 245, 251 Voices of Experience, 289 VOTE NOLA, 319 voting rights, 246, 255–257, 322 Wallace, Herman, 59, 61, 64, 67–69 Walla Walla prison, 211 war on crime, 126, 149 war on drugs, 2, 91, 126, 131, 306–7, 320 war on poverty, 126 Washington, 99, 267 Washington, DC, 87, 92, 94 Washington State Bar Association, 254 Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla, 211 Weather Underground, 87 We Charge Genocide, 310 welfare, 126, 179, 189 white supremacy, 10, 13, 16, 153, 160–61, 166, 168, 175, 201, 213, 219, 284 Whole Foods, 292–94 Wicker, Tom, 89 Williams, Cherie, 178 Williams, Damon, 217–27 Williams, Elton, 286–87 Williams, Jerry Dewayne, 93 Williamson, James Baridi, 270, 275 Willis, Stan, 310 Wilson, Andrew, 313 Wilson, Doris, 102 Wisconsin, 125, 255 women, 2, 180, 300 Black, 96, 125, 178, 180, 189–90 carceral feminism and, 163–72, 183 evictions of, 125 First Nations, 175–77 formerly incarcerated, 246, 252–53, 255, 257 homeless, 250 incarcerated, 19, 125, 155–58, 180–81, 238, 241, 257, 266, 269, 326 incarceration rates of, 96, 234, 321 juvenile detention and, 184–91 leadership by, 160 life without parole and, 98 Muslim, 168 organizing by, 6–7, 269 prison communities of, 55 prison rebellions of, 266 prison reform and, 10 transgender, 14, 46, 98, 181 unpaid work by, 6, 96–97 Women on the Rise, 246–47 Women on the Rise Telling HerStory, 319 women’s liberation movement, 87 Women’s ReEntry Network, 319 Woodfox, Albert, 59–73, 289 Wounded Knee, 87 X, Malcolm, 213 X-Offenders for Community Empowerment, 319 Yale Law School, 254 Yandell, Ronnie, 270, 275 Young Chicago Authors, 219 Young Lords, 266 Youth Justice Coalition, 199, 319 Yrigollen, Alex, 270 Yugara Country, 174 Zimmerman, George, 180, 192 About Haymarket Books Haymarket Books is a radical, independent, nonprofit book publisher based in Chicago Our mission is to publish books that contribute to struggles for social and economic justice We strive to make our books a vibrant and organic part of social movements and the education and development of a critical, engaged, international left We take inspiration and courage from our namesakes, the Haymarket martyrs, who gave their lives fighting for a better world Their 1886 struggle for the eight-hour day—which gave us May Day, the international workers’ holiday—reminds workers around the world that ordinary people can organize and struggle for their own liberation These struggles continue today across the globe— struggles against oppression, exploitation, poverty, and war Since our founding in 2001, Haymarket Books has published more than five hundred titles Radically independent, we seek to drive a wedge into the risk-averse world of corporate book publishing Our authors include Noam Chomsky, Arundhati Roy, Rebecca Solnit, Angela Y Davis, Howard Zinn, Amy Goodman, Wallace Shawn, Mike Davis, Winona LaDuke, Ilan Pappé, Richard Wolff, Dave Zirin, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Nick Turse, Dahr Jamail, David Barsamian, Elizabeth Laird, Amira Hass, Mark Steel, Avi Lewis, Naomi Klein, and Neil Davidson We are also the trade publishers of the acclaimed Historical Materialism Book Series and of Dispatch Books Also Available from Haymarket Books Electric Arches | Eve L Ewing Exoneree Diaries: The Fight for Innocence, Independence, and Identity | Alison Flowers Feminist Freedom Warriors: Genealogies, Justice, Politics, and Hope Edited by Linda E Carty and Chandra Talpade Mohanty Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement | Angela Y Davis, edited by Frank Barat, preface by Cornel West From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor I Am Troy Davis | Troy Davis, Martina Davis-Correia, and Jen Marlowe, foreword by Helen Prejean How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective Edited by KeeangaYamahtta Taylor Six by Ten: Stories from Solitary Edited by Mateo Hoke and Taylor Pendergrass A Time to Die: The Attica Prison Revolt | Tom Wicker The Torture Machine: Racism and Police Violence in Chicago Flint Taylor Who Do You Serve, Who Do You Protect?: Police Violence and Resistance in the United States | Edited by Joe Macaré, Maya Schenwar, and Alana Yu-lan Price, foreword by Alicia Garza ... this book we deploy the notion of the long term to show how the impacts of long- term sentencing extend beyond prison walls The loss of family, community, and resources and the struggle against... Alive,” features the voices of people directly affected by incarceration, who convey, in detail, the boundlessness of the long term and enumerate how the long term extends beyond the confines of... the last two tiers they come to, to cut the food slots And then when they got to the tier I was on—fifteen cells on that tier—they cut all of them except four They claimed they ran out of material