SECTION 15 adjectives and adverbs @ grammar summary
Adjectives are words like easy, slow, sorry, important They usually tell you more about people or things
They can go before nouns, or after be, seem, look, etc
Adverbs are words like easily, slowly, yesterday, there Adverbs tell you, for example, how, when or where
something happens
We can compare people and things with as as, -er than or more than
Joe’s as tall as me Jane's taller than me She works more carefully than me We can use -est or most to compare people and things with all of their group
Mary’s the most intelligent person in the class John is the oldest of his children
We use -er and -est with shorter adjectives and some short adverbs
@ pre-test: which units do you need?
Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 284 0 Write the adverbs
Nice 4tâÊLU complete - CT)
beautifulL ôô probable 9 Correct (⁄) or not (x)?
> She asked some difficults questions X
1 She was wearing a green, beautiful dress
2 You are certainly right
3 He speaks very well Russian
I often play tennis
Y’m not as tall as my sister
Can you drive slowlier, please?
I’m very interesting in politics
NA
nH
8 Circle the correct words
> He talks very fast/ fastly 5 He doesn’t work very hard / hardly
1 I’m terrible / terribly sorry 6 This is the more / most expensive hotel in / of
2 It looks beautiful / beautifully the country
3 I drove very careful / carefully on the snow 7 Ann is much older as / than / that / of her
4 She spoke to me in perfect / perfectly English husband
0 Write the comparatives
Great books for voung readers!
‘Best sports car of the year’ — — it's bigger, |
lighter, stronger and faster i
ee Dn en om em oe! For smaller kitchens,
the smallest dishwasher '
_ 100% organic soup, = ¡n the world
Nothing could be more comforting, ¬ em tee
Trang 2
adjectives a beautiful little girl who was not stupid
Adjectives go before, not after nouns
1 2 1 2
a long journey (NOT -@-feurney-tong) loud music (NOT-eusic-loudl)
Adjectives don’t change for singular and plural
a fast cor fast cars (NOT fasts-ears)
Before nouns, we don’t usually put and between adjectives a big bad wolf (NOT-2-big-and-bed-welf)
Colour adjectives usually come after others
beautiful red apples (NOT red-beautifutapptes)
@ Put in the adjectives and write the story
One day, a time ago, (long fine) > O.fa+.daU 8 (px tu, B Độ, cu ru
a girl (beautiful little) Ì Q Q0QQ H11 vn KH no HT 10 8 kg ch
in a coat (red) rẽ
was walking though a forest (dark) TQ HH gà 1080719
with a bag (big) hố ốốốẽố ốố ố ố
of apples (red wonderful) ¬ .ằ.ố
to see her grandmother (old) Cece HT HT nọ Họ Họ Họ nh
Under a tree (tall green) Ề dc nọ TT ng K09 K10 1 0 180 1 188155 14055 ke tre
she saw a wolf (big bad) Bee ae
with teeth (white long)
Qo Put the words in the correct order and continue the story
‘good little, girl morning’, said II
big the bad wolf D ecsesescsenececteeeccesteestessseaaeeceeeeeeseseensasasseeeceececseeeeesesaenareeeeseeens
‘going you where are đc HT» HT TH kh kh 9 te
that with bag heavy Be TH HH TT ko ng kiện
day this fine on?’ TT TT TT h9 0 11
‘going my see to grandmother I’m old’ Ơi
girl the said little ri
‘lives small she in house a Số ằằsn
new the supermarket near.’ Dia 6‹(i4434
© Put in adjectives from the box to finish the story
big friendly stupid little
“OK,' said the wolf in a I - voice ‘I’ll see you later.’ ‘I don’t think so,’ said
the 2 cà girl, who was not
¬ She took a 4
pistol out of her bag and shot the wolf dead
(from an idea by James Thurber)
+ ˆN ae So 2
‘| don’t think so,’ said the little girl
Trang 3Adjectives can go after be, become, get, seem, look (= ‘seem’) and feel
The water is cold Everything became clear It’s getting late You seem tired
She looks happy | feel hot
After these verbs, we put and before the last of two or more adjectives
He was tall, dark and handsome (NOT He-wes-tet_-dark, hendseme.) You look well and happy
0 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences, using words from the box
and and beautiful cold hungry intelligent tired
1 nN & W b
‘Bill / be / very / tall.’ “BElls, very ta cceseceeteeteeeneeees ‘Yes, he’s nearly 2 metres.’
‘That car / look / EXPeNsive.” oo ce csccceecsseessseeeeeeeeeeeceseesserssaeseeeeeesens ‘No, it’s cheap.’
‘Jane / seem / happy.” - nhieu ‘She’s in love again.’
T/ feel Jil! coo cece eee eeeeeeesesseeaeeceeeeeeesresssensaeueaes ‘Shal! J call the doctor?’
It / get / dark / very early here im Winer che My parents / getting / Od 00 cece ecceteeeteeceeeeeneeeenteeenaeeenteeeeteeees
6 Make sentences with adjectives from the box
Australian bad beautiful hot Y late rich
> This water / not be very / Mais water tsa't very Wot cece
1 “The train / Ѐ / ” HH HH HH kh rà ‘No, it’s on time.’ 2 ‘He / LOOK / ” Quế se ‘No, he’s American.’ 3 ‘Your hair / IOOk / ” .Q TQ HH ng kh ra ‘Oh, thanks.’
4 My memory / getting Very / 0 cc ccececcccesssteceeeceeetseeeeeesseasseeenenseneeenensaes
5 I want / become / and ÍamOUS_ con HH nh ke
We don’t usually use adjectives without nouns
‘Ann’s ill.’ ‘The poor girl.’ (NOT Fhe-peer-’)
+ For word order in sentences like /s Bill very tall?, see page 106
Trang 4
adverbs He ate quickly It was badly cooked
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
— — — —_—— — — — — —
Adjectives are connected with nouns and pronouns They usually tell you more about people or things
They can go before nouns, or after be, seem, look, etc (see pages 200-201)
Adverbs are connected with other words — for example verbs
Some adverbs tell you how something happens These often end in -ly
ss — TT
It’s an easy language You can learn this language easily
<—s cm
The music is slow The pianist is playing slowly
ae, nooo
Her ideas are interesting She spoke interestingly about her ideas
aS e™
Joe looked hungry Joe ate hungrily
1) Choose an adjective or an adverb
» Could I have a 44t£E quick word with you? (quick / quickly)
» She walked away 44ô!âtLg (quick / quickly)
1 This isa train - it stops everywhere (slow / slowly)
2 He talked very about his work (interesting / interestingly)
3 You ve cooked the meat (beautiful / beautifully)
4 ve got an job for you (easy / easily)
5 _She writes in English (perfect / perfectly) 6 Ising very (bad | badly)
7 Ifeel today (happy / happily) 8 You seem very (angry / angrily)
9 Anne5 a swimmer (strong / strongly)
10 Could you talk more , please? (quiet / quietly)
HOW TO MAKE -iY ADVERBS
e usually: adjective + -ly: quick —> quickly real —> really (NOT tealy) complete —> completely
e -y—> -ily easy — easily happy —> happily
e -ble —> -bly possible —> possibly
@ Write the adverbs
DP Wrong WHORL eee 4 thirsty 8 wonderful
| LL | 5 probable 9 cold sex
2 SÀ(C€(€ àà © `.“ —— 1Ị unhappy
11 comfortable
HAGBOURNE
Please drive slowly M HAGBOURNE
Please drive carefully
202 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Trang 5| Some adverbs tell you when or where something happens
I'm going away tomorrow We ran downhill The accident happened there
Others tell you how much: for example much (especially in negatives and questions - see page 168),
a fot, a bit (conversational), a little
We don † go out much | watch TV a fot ! play the guitar a bit He sings a little
Adverbs that say how, where, when or how much often come at the end of a sentence
(Some can also come at the beginning.) They do not come between the verb and the object
VERB OBJECT ADVERB
She speaks English well (NOT She-speaks-weilt-Engtish-)
They make very good bread here (NOT Fhey-make-here-very-good-bread:)
Í bought a lot of clothes yesterday (NOT +bought-yesterday-c-tot-of cothes:)
We didn’tenjoy _ the holiday much (NOT +We-đidn“renjoy-mueh-the-holday-)
9 Make sentences with adverbs from the box (Different answers are possible.)
—
carefully clearly correctly perfectly slowly tomorrow much yesterday
— — — ——
> soup / cook / the €22K.th.sĩ<p.sLowtu OR.CeoK.thé.se«p.cartfaLtd
0l san on ee
computer / bouglt / a / Ï - Gv HH nọ Họ vế
I0 (60) 0 0Ơ ƠƠ “(
see / must / the / doctor / YOU_ HQ HH nọ He
languages / speaks / he / ÍOUT_ co Ăn TH HT ng nhe,
the / you / write / address / đin”t LH HỲ HH nh ng Hư
Skiing / don’t like / Ï - Ặ ch ng KH vu
NA MO Đ C2 Bà nm
Very much can be used in affirmative (E3) sentences as well as negatives and questions
Be careful of the word order
| like sport very much (NOT -Hike-very-much-sport:)
0 Write about four things that you like very much
DDD ooo 7904)“ e.-
Adverbs can go before adjectives, and before past participles (for example broken, finished)
terribly sorry (NOT terrible-sorry) nearly ready completely finished
6 Complete the sentences with words from the box
.-† e e
cooked empty finished interesting married ý sorry tired written > Joe and Ann have been happily #arrt4 for twenty-five years
I1 Ứm tetrribly to tell you that we have no more tickets 2 There’s nothing to eat - the fridge is completely
3 The book's very welÌ - -«- ; bụt it's not terribÌy
4 After walking all day, Peter was extremeÌy
S The food here is very welÌ « - , but they don’t give you enough 6 ‘Is your new house ready yet?’ ‘It’s nearÌy ,
Trang 6
adverbs with the verb often, certainly, etc
Some adverbs, for example always or certainly, usually go with the verb
how often: always often’ ~—s usually sometimes ever _ hardly ever (= ‘almost never’) never how certainly: certainly definitely —_ probably
other: already also just still even _— only
These adverbs go before most verbs, but after auxiliary verbs (have, will, can, must etc) and after
am/are/is/was/were
She always comes here at weekends | have already read that book
! certainly like London It will probably rain tomorrow Andy often gets ill She can certainly help you
We already know each other ! am only here to see Barbara She hardly ever sees him You are certainly right
@ Put the adverbs in the correct places
> I speak French, but people know that I’m English (often; always)
VỆẾ 5 tk nền nu 9 96 se 090200 4 e0 6s "72 ^ h2 tran h°° 990909 Qsê s16 616 s6 Đen v6 60 68 6 0000030 0020096060666 (NHXẾP s0 0 0 60902 0000090400000 490600067 00 6 00006 0 60622 0 6 8 G0 000 006000620000 v0 0 9 300 bà bọ 0 006 04
"(CC Ố .érố
Cee ee eee meee COOH 0 0 Đo G0 9 9n bo LƠ Đo in HO À B6 6 0 0 0 0 00000 0 00000 0000000000 000 0060 670 000 6 0 0 4C 6000 8 l0 nho 9 Ho i5 Đĩ 0 0 0 0640000 6 60 502 260 n G0 00000 00049 0 0 0000006000000 0 0 00600 00000 00002 0V 0 0 00 0 0 0 An 006080 hớ 6
TT ƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠ ốc ốc
.ƠƠƠƠỐƠ ốc (CC CCG ố.C .Ẻ
meee er mee meee Hee 0 0 0 0 6Á 0 00 06 0000000 00 0 6060002 0 0 0 0000000000260 000900000 0000220002009000600004240000000 0002 0 0 00000000000 00040 2 02 06000009900060928 40 6940649092 200099662 bàn 92 068.6 °* n6 00 ng HH kg ộ
eee eRe Ce eee Ree DOO EEC eee eH OH ERE HOSED OEE 606040000002 0060000090009 040004940000096402090000004209000009002200090 000 49000020000000609040200000 0.66 lành P0 HH Hờe hơ 60
ORCC meee ee ee mE e Ee eRe OEE EOE OE EOE E EEE SEE TERE RETO EEO TEER EE DOE EOE O EEE EER OEE E EE DED Se HHS ORTH EEE OREO EHD EO ERE OEE EEE E OOOH FORTE EEE EEO EEE AAO D EEE SES
Cee eee eee ewer ee eRe BOR OCS EE DEO EEO RRO HR EHO O HEEL EEE OEE EERE DEORE EOD HEE HEHE EEE O EHH ODO H EEE EE ESCO ORES EAE HEED EEE E REE EER COREE ESE EEO PES ELER EEE EHREAE ES
In questions, these adverbs usually go after auxiliary verb + subject
Do you ever write poems? Has Mary always lived here? Are you often in London?
© Put the adverbs in the correct places
1 Do you play cards? (Oftert) .ố.Ố.ố Ũ d
Have you been tO TiD€t? (€V€F)_ LG TH ng ng KH KH H08 0k Are you hapDYy? (đÏWAđVS) _ Q SH HH HH TH no TH Họ th ve Does the boss take a hoÌiAY? (ØY€F) TH TH ni họ re 0,98 2000810002111 (170/7 2
Is Barbara ill? (Sti)
NN
&
WW
Trang 7Longer expressions usually go at the end of a sentence Compare:
She often plays tennis She plays tennis two or three times a week
She hardly ever wins a game She wins a game once or twice a month She always practises in the afternoon Does she practise every afternoon?
0 Look at the table and make some sentences with often, once a day etc
ACTIVITY ANN BILL Rem POCO SO doer a HOO EMHOO SECO DOES OEH OOOH TEM HGS SEH ESTE EEEH ESSE D EEE HEE E 6 60 9 9 0060400066609 666
— T Ann, goes swimming once a day / every dau
goes swimming [1⁄d' |1/m Bill goes to the theatre two.or three times @ year
plays football - 3n plays tennis 1/w TT goes skiing S—6/y —— cọ gi 9.4 6061910 8.8: 0600/8069 6.0 009190 6 009198 19 00.8061 8.0:619 98.6010 th 6 6 6 kg 0 goes to the theatre l/W 2-3/y ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee’ eee eee eee eee cere ee ee Sec eee eee eee eee ee eee eee goes to the cinema | 3-4/y | 2/m TOM meee Or aw r eH H OREO ERE EE REET HEE O RCO H TEESE D HO OSS DESERET SEED HEHE SESH EE Ereeensreeeene
goes to concerts - 1/w DRO eM rem mee eee He OOO HOO E Ree TOO OEE DDS EER S ESD O EES O HED ED EH Ee SHEESH EEE H ee seeeneseereee Pee meee rem era mee RH OER OOOOH HCE O TORE SHEESH DDS EREE EEE E ER SE EEE SDE HEDE EEE e eden eesdesete „`
Vì ./14-7-(:19)914( H-ta,:Mmaaaaadađadađdiaiaiaiii
A0 Đ E6 8000 60022 0 00600 060002600 00400006 6000600022006 900000969 06690609966 69900940 9994 + 00900 0 00006 t vn ke CeCe remem ween OR ER OEE ốc ốc (CC ốC ố.ỐỐ.Ố.Ố.ố.ố.ốỐỐ.ốỐố.ố ố ố.ố ốẽ Pe meee cee meee rece err errr eee ease neers essere arenes DEEDES EET OHNE OO ES HOSES OER ETERS OEE EES eee eee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee @ crammar AND VOCABULARY: go with spare-time activities Look at the pictures, and put the correct numbers with the activities Use a dictionary if necessary 3 IN YOUR SPARE TIME YOU CAN: «œ 2 ~> go walking é GÀ: 4 go swimming go sailing go wind-surfing go skiing go skating go fishing go shopping go to the opera — — go to the theatre 10 go to concerts 9 ⁄ WA a _ DENEVE GO CLM OLA ng ra D ! GO SWIMMING Overy AA co ằ.ằ TT
II re TH
Trang 8
interested and interesting, etc
Interested, bored, excited etc say how people feel
Interesting, boring, exciting etc describe the things (or people) that cause the feelings She’s very interested in the lessons (NOT Shes-very-interesting-in-the-tessons )
The lessons are always interesting (NOT -Fhe-tessons-are-atways-interested )
I’m often bored at work, because !’ve got a boring job
Q write these words under the pictures: interested, interesting, bored, boring
Q Put in words from the box
annoyed (= ‘a little angry’) “ annoying excited exciting frightened frightening surprised surprising 1 Somebody phones you late at night You are 81w24$đ, He/she is
2 _A woman hears noises at night She is TNE MOISES are
3 A family makes «<5 holiday plans The children are very
4 Your exam mark is very good This is And you are
© Here are the beginnings of five books Write what you think of the books Use very interesting, quite interesting, not very interesting, quite boring or very boring 1 After King Leofric died in 1342,
I think this book is probably 0.0.0
2 The moment Olga walked into Alan's office, he realised his life had changed for ever
CR eee emer eH R DEEN TEER E OER eee ee RROD REDE REET EEE E EERE EEA E DEERE SHOE E EERE SAHOO EEO E EEE HE ODED EOE OO EH CDA E ADEE HOEEE ODE DOE EH OEE a HEHE SEO ED EHS DOH OHO HeEED ƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠƠ (CC ố.(C C
"| Cĩ ĩÍi .(CCC.ỐỐ.Ố .(CC Ộ
@ crammar AND VOCABULARY: adverbs of degree; subjects of study Make sure you know the words in the box Use a dictionary if necessary Then write how interested you are in some of the subjects You can use extremely ( = +++), very, quite, not very, not or not at all ( = - - -)
art biology economics history literature mathematics philosophy physics _ politics | [n extremely interested in DOM
0,5 0s ố
Trang 9fast, hard, hardly, well, friendly,
Fast, hard, late, early, daily, weekly and monthly are adjectives and adverbs
He’s got a fast car He drives fast } got an early flight ! went home early
It’s hard work She works hard It’s a weekly paper | buy it weekly
The train was late Trains are running late
Hardly and lately have different meanings from hard and late
Hardly = ‘almost not’; lately = ‘recently’, ‘not long ago’
He hardly works these days - maybe one day a week Have you heard from john lately?
Well can be an adjective (the opposite of iff) or an adverb (the opposite of badly)
‘How are you?’ ‘Very well, thanks.’ The team are playing well
@ These are sentences from real conversations Put in words from the boxes
early hard hardly weekly well
1 And | really understand Italian quite
2 You've got no playschool tomorrow so you haven't got to get up , have you?
3 Why should I[ work when you never do anything?
4 Departures from the UK are , mid-morning on Sundays from Dover » She was really, you know, nervous, and came out of her flat at all
@ Choose the best answer
P You look Well , Mike (early / lately / well)
1 Your father read the Express when he was alive (hardly / Daily / lately)
2 You haven't seen the window cleaner , have you? (lately / hard / weekly)
3 lran as as I could, along the Tottenham Court Road (early / fast / hardly)
4 1 sleep - an hour at a time (well / hard / hardly)
5 lIgotup to finish some work (well / hardly / early) Friendly, lonely, lovely, silly are adjectives, not adverbs
She gave me a friendly smile (BUT NOT-She-smniied-frency )
He was very lonely (BUT NOT -He-watked-tenely-_threughthe-streets: )
Her voice is lovely (BUT NOT -She-sings-tovely:) Don't be silly
There are no adverbs friendly, Jovelily etc instead, we use other words or expressions
She spoke in a friendly way She sings beautifully
€ Put in adjectives and adverbs from the box
daily early “fast friendly hard hardly late lonely silly
I don’t like getting up B fa@riy so I usually stay in bed too long, and then have to eat
breakfast very 1 and run for my train On the train I read the 2 Paper, because after I get to work there’s no more time for reading The boss is nice, but she makes us work V€TY 3 , and ï often have to stay 4 to finish everything There’s a nice
Trang 10comparative and superlative adjectives: forms
Comparative adjectives are forms like colder, more famous
Superlative adjectives are forms like coldest, most famous
e most short (one-syllable) adjectives: + -er, -est old — older, oldest
e short adjectives ending in -e: + -r, -st nice —> nicer, nicest
@ Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
b cold €6L84y,.e0Lđ€S$Ẳ, Go ` 1 ‹.4a<
X1 " -“.-1ji ees Õ Íne Q SH nnH HH
Ï §T€€T ĂẶẶ TH» HH vu ri 0 ae
PT — -Ư B WIE KM/(‹' 4 Lá
4 smalÌ . - HH nh kh ve, I0 0a ee ccceecccceeeeesececeseceeceeeeeeecesesceessseeeeess
e short adjectives ending in one vowel + one consonant:
double consonant + -er, -est fat —> fatter, fattest thin — thinner, thinnest
BUT don’t double w: low — lower, lowest
Q Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
b red r£4344r,.reddest 2 hot c7 A WEE
> slow Stower, Slowest oo, 3 n€W 22222 5 slim sec sẰ, 1 Đỉg ve
e two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: y — / + -er, -est happy —» happier, happiest
© Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
D> friendly frvenaliey, friemleest oe Ư ` 1 5
;¬ 4 AHBTY .Ă TQ HQ HH HH HH khen kêu 2 hunBg[rV nen nhe Lm Ồ
e most other longer adjectives: + more, most hopeful —> more hopeful, most hopeful
© write the comparative and superlative adjectives
> famous More famous, most fAMOKS o., 4 amgerous o.oo cece cecccccceeececeseeceseseeesesseessseeeees
1-1 2 00) HH HH kh S UMpOrtant ooo ee he kp
2 beautifulÌ - che ƠơơƠ(ơơƠƠỒẦ.Ố 3 intelligent se, 7 ÍInI€T€SI€Ở Ghế e irregular adjectives: good —> better, best bad —> worse, worst
far —> further, furthest OR farther, farthest
8 Put in irregular comparative adjectives
1 I'm so tired Is the bus stop mụuch ?
2 I don’t enjoy train travel here, but | do in France - the trains are there
3 ‘How’s your toothache today?’ ‘It’s «0.0 **You should see a dentist.’
Trang 11somparative or superlative?
We use comparatives to compare people and things with other people and things
Ais bigger than B Ais bigger than 8 and c John is a more careful driver than Robin
<4 Dawn is <4 Dawn is taller taller than than all the
leah » other
players »
We use superlatives (usually with the) to compare people and things with all of the group that they are in
A is the biggest of the three letters A, B and c John is the most careful driver in the family
4 Down is the tallest
player in
the teom
@ Circle the correct answer
>» Dawn is @lder)/ the oldest than all of her sisters
> Leah is taller /(the talles)person in her family
1 All of your friends are nice, but George is certainly the nicer / the nicest This is the better / the best women’s basketball! team in the country
Basketballs are more expensive / the most expensive than footballs
Ice hockey is a more dangerous / most dangerous sport than basketball or tennis
Of all the sports in the Olympics, which sport is more dangerous? / the most dangerous?
A basketball court is usually bigger / the biggest than a tennis court
an
&
Ww
h
Q Choose a comparative or a superlative Remember to use the before the superlatives
> ‘The Marriage of Figaro’ is the most beautiful of all Mozart's operas (beautiful)
Pm My new car is Í2SE£Y, coi than my old one (fast)
1 My mother and her sisters are aÏÏ HH HH kg than their children (short)
2 Ithink Annie ÌS che person in our Class (intelligent)
3 Let’s meet in the liDbrarV - ÌS cceeceeeeceeeeeeenens than all the other rooms (quiet)
4 My bedroom iS cà sec veice room in the house (cold)
5 A 3-year-Old’s VOICE ÍS HH Hào than 200 people in a busy restaurant (/oud)
6 B[aziÏ ÍS và Ặ 2h sen South American country (big)
Trang 12comparatives: use brighter than the moon
We use than after comparative adjectives
Russia is bigger than China (NOT thet-China:) Rob and Tina are older than Emma
@ Compare each pair of things in the box Write two sentences for each pair
——
COMPARE: the sun and the moon dogs and cats train travel and air travel the Sahara and the Himalayas
ADJECTIVES: bright“ cheap cold fast friendly hot intelligent small ¥
—
p> The sum ts brighter than the moomoo, B ceccccesececescavsccsecseecsesceceecacsessescacscecsacacsaracsceeseseeees p The moon ts smaller than the sume, nh
= TT
II TT
Q Use comparative adjectives with than all the other > Alaska’s area is 1,518,700km? No other US state is so large
big cats
With comparatives, we can say than | am / than you are / than john is etc
But in informal spoken English, we usually prefer than me/you/him/her/It/us/them
© write two endings for each sentence: one with than me, than you etc and one with than /
am, than you are etc
> Bob was angry, but I was angrier than Mim / than he was
1 John’s very careful with money, but MaTia - TH HH HH 118110 xe
2 I’m hungry, but you must De TH.» HH HH ng HT ng nến 3 You re not very short TOfRY“S ác HH HH ng ng TH kh nhe Hư,
4 We're excited, but our chiÏldren - LG HH HH ng ky na
Trang 13We can use a fot / a bit (more conversational) or much / a little before comparatives
Your cooking is much better than my sister 5 (NOT very-better AND NOT .-too-better .)
This book is a lot more interesting than that one You sound a bit happier today
—_—ếtœ
a bit longer much longer
4) Use the table Write sentences about Mark and Simon with a bit /a little and a lot / much with the adjectives from the box
short Y / tall old / young rich fast / slow comfortable quiet / noisy
How How | How How How How tall? old? | rich? fast? comfortable? quiet?
Mark 1m95 !35 | €900,000/year Mark's car 190km/h | *** ae
Simon 1m8S | 36 €250,000/year | |5Simon5s car | 130km/h kw KKKKK
DORR R Eee ESO OOO RHE HESSD MERE OEE ORE R Ee EEO FERRE Eee ee mere Sees e tee oeneeneeene sens
Mark
We can use more than-and less than without adjectives
Liz spent more than a week's pay on that dress _It took us less than ten minutes to get home
© crammar and VOCABULARY: tìme
Make sure you know the words in the box Use a dictionary if necessary Then answer the questions
century day decade fortnight hour minute month second week _ year
> How much is a minute? More than 4 second and L6ss, Cha BÍ MO LH HT ng khay
ly A00 co vo 7 o
“y0 30:76 0 nh 4
“(0 An choi na cố ốố he
Ni l9 6h12 6 .Ả.ẢẢ
Trang 14superlatives
After supertatives, we normally use in before the names of places Everest is the highest mountain in the world
Jan is the most intelligent person in the office
Sirius is the brightest star in the sky
(ne FUISNESL F[II(LTTIELVILEte ve oe ee
After superlatives, we also use in before singular words for groups of people
Sam is the youngest player in the orchestra
Wilkins is the oldest minister in this government
in most other cases, we use of after superlatives
Ann’‘s the tallest of the three sisters This is the shortest day of the year
0 Put the beginnings, middles and ends together
1 Jonathan is A the biggest state m in the group 2 My great-great-aunt is B the longest river n in my family
3 London is C the best musician o inthe team 4 4 Alaska is D the fastest runner + pin Africa
5 The guitar player is FE the biggest city q_ in Britain 6 The Nile is F the oldest person r inthe USA
7 My parents’ room is G the most expensive s of the four bedrooms
8 The Mercedes is H_ the longest day t of the five girls
9 Sarah is J] the youngest u of the three cars
10 June 2ist is J the biggest Vv of the year {
Q write sentences with superlatives
> In my job, Friday / busy day / week
eo wce reg rap cc clecerssener ge
eee eee eee eee Cee eee ee eee Cee ee ee eee eee CeCe ee Pee eee eee eee eee eee reer rere reece rece re eee e rer er eee reer rere ee eee eee rer erever reer ec ee rere rere re Cee re rere
Roe GP On BI Đo GIĨ on Đo NI GIĨ G9 6 6000 00000 0 ON DE EES ERE OEE EEE DEERE HORSE DESEO BI Đá HIẾM GHI BẢN Đo M 6 0 no Đo BI Bo n2 0 0 6 2 4040920042000 62000 49 0 h4 66 92 0 00v 20 6 0 690006260604 0t 260402 0064
ere eee eee eee ee eee eee See eee Le ee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee ee ee eee Tere erry errr ee eee ee eee eee Tere ee eee eee eee ee ee ever SSeS e Tere Te ye ee ee ee ee ee eee)
ĨC BƠ do ĐƠ Đi ĐĨ LƠ ĐC, 0 0 0 0 0 00 60020 00000 67 000 0009 0022 0 0 0 20 00 0 462000 260400600460 0006000004 6n e2 600 0 60 0006060400600 0000000 0 00 0 0000060000000 0400000000029 220002940004000000600000 0090040060636 he he
ÁỀO mo SẢ RO C dc ho CĨ "On hoc Bo HÀ Đ GIĨ g In ĐĨ (ho 9Ĩ BĨC on ĨC Bo án ID PM ĨC HIỂU on ch Á là cá ÁP de ĨC Ác LỆ ĐÁ lế >> Ác CĐ Án Đ Án 4 MÁC No hả Đ ĐA 0 0 c0 2660 0 0A6 2900 te
¬ cC C.C .ố.Ố.ố
There is so much good in the worst of us, and so much bad in the best of us
(Author unknown)
Trang 15comparison of adverbs More slowly, please
To make the comparative of most adverbs: more + adverb ( thơn)
Can you speak more quietly, please? I’m working more slowly today than yesterday
Angela writes more clearly than Ellie
@Q write sentences with comparative adverbs and than
> Jo drives / dangerously /Sam_—_ Je Artwes moore Aangerouslyy HAW SOM cu re
1 Lee talks to people / politely / Berd oo ee ccc seeseceseeeteneecensauepeeseeneecesensceseeeeeerstanessteesesesseeeenecss
2 Liam works / carefully /JOWM oo eee eeeesenereceeeeceeeneeneencaeeueeseaeeeseseneseeeaeeeeseeecaseeeeeeeeaeteaseseeeeenneas 3 Simon goes swimming / Often / Karen ooo eee eceecesneeeeenececseeeeceeeessensseescessesereseeeeneenerssserseerernnees
4 My car runs / quietÌy / mỹ SỈS€T'S CâT .Q TH» HH“ TT KT nh kh HH tt
` (1013 786 e
Early, late, fast, hard, near and soon have comparatives with -er, like adjectives
I got to the station earlier than Mary Bill lives nearer to school than Pete, so he gets up later
Irrequiar comparatives and superlatives: well — better badly —> worse far —> further/farther
little —» fess a lot / much — more
My mother drives better than my father He sings badly, but | sing worse
She talks less than he does, but she thinks more | five further from the centre than you
@ Use the comparatives of the adverbs in the box to complete the advice
early fast hard V late little much near
Rn
be
WN
—
I want to be stronger.' “Exercise
“I hate driving to work.' “Live to your work and walk.’
‘I get a lot of headaches.’ ‘Try to Worry
‘I’m afraid I’m going to miss the train.' “Walk -
Sentences with superlative adverbs (for example John drives the most dangerously) are not very common
eT đ BH " : : sa ett 1-Z2 ST TT SC Lj
From Annie Get Your Gun
Words and music by Irving Berlin
Trang 16(not) as as Your hands are as cold as ice
We use (not) as as to say that people and things are (not) the same in some way i don’t think Tom is going to be as tall as his sister Your hands are as cold as ice
Can you read this for me? My eyes aren't as good as yours
@ Read the sentences and decide: which picture is Jean and which picture is Cassie?
Jean isn’t as old as Cassie Cassie’s hair isn’t as long as Jean’s
Jean’s hands aren’t as small as Cassie’s Jean isn’t as fair as Cassie
A ty
Picture Á iS Picture B is
Now write some more sentences about Jean and Cassie with not as as
L SỈÌm Q0 HH Ki KH nọ TK cu ĐA BS nh kề
Dag | DIG
COAt / NEAVY 0 ccc cece cece sce nteceececceeeeeeeeeeeeseneensaeuseeeeeseeceesasseceeeseeseneuaenes ElaSS / bỉg_ QQQQQQQ K ọ x v
nn
&
WN
With as as, we can say as }am / as you are / as john is etc But in informal spoken English, we usually
prefer as me/you/him/her/it/us/them
@ Change the sentences in two ways, but keep the same meaning
> Joan’s prettier than her sister Je2n's sister tsw't As pretty OS Mer eee
Joan's sister isw’t as pretty as she is ame Ce Oe OR ORO OOOO EHO HE HEED ROO DEMIS ODE DOE RHOOSETOS EET HE OE REED EEE EE EEE ODE EOO EE ORE ERED EERE EEOC OHA SAE ease EH OOH EDHEODS
ƠĨ HP 9090092000020 0G 00060206960 tớ 6 00009000 00 6000 0000000069000000 00009 06600090600 00404000000 600000690006004600066 0044040040000004460960000024 (60t (0020022090060 (00600906 2^v.c + ĐC ĐC 0 A6 H000 09590002900000 6000060606 06 090070900990000006 660000000000 06000290 0000006000000 46002 60000060006000409004044040046004006 06060 ( 0 V9920606 6 “ ˆ.ÁÁÁ.CC Ố Ố .: .Ồ Án ĐĨ HC Ơn ĐĨ cĩ II no 0 ĐĨ In G9 00009000200 0 6 000060600 0 0000 0 00000 00 00000600006 0 000 6000046 00 0v 0v Đo dc n0 0 0 00000 0 00000 60000046 00006640 020009000000 000606 020000004400090060 69206 2e
Trang 17We can put just, nearty, not quite and half, twice, three times etc before as as
He’s just as handsome as his brother My hair is not quite as fair as my sister’s hair
The twins are nearly as tall as their mother Brazil is half as big as Russia
â
=ơ1->
w
=
[|
just as big just as big nearly as big not quite as big
cal Lj |
half as big twice as big three times as big
sl
8 Think of a member of your family Compare yourself to him or her, using as as and
some of the words and expressions from the box Write five sentences
BEFORE AS: just nearly not quite half twice three times etc
ADJECTIVES: dark fair friendly handsome happy intelligent kind
old pretty quiet short slim tall
nice
p tim nearty as tall as AWA co ri
Dm Nie wot quite as old AS Mer na A cccessescesecsssecseseceecacssessseavscsaecassecssessessausaceasnease Lo ciccccesecscccessscccesesscsesesecsesesecsesscarsenesscsevasecssececaees 1 Ư ch HH HH Hee 6 - Ơ
We can use as much as and as many as with nouns
Deborah doesn’t work as many hours as | do, but she makes just as much money as me
4) Make sentences with as as or not as as, and some of the expressions from Exercise 3
>» Alice has $200 and Matt has $100 Pere eee eee REE HOR EHS HERE H OEE E HEHE E ED HEE DEES ODEH OREM OLE EEEH EEO D OE EEE EOD RHE RER OEE Tas eEEraEe Alice has twice as much mone as Matt
ROO meee eee mae R eee eee eH OP Aer DEH O MRO EEE DOE DEER EERE D ORDER DEERE E OR EERE DEED EEE HASH ODED RESO AEE EE EHH E HEED EERE ED ER SHEESH OEE EES OEE OD ED HERE EO EHS
eee Re Re Ree ee eee ORR HERO EE OEE OEE EEO TERE ERE EE HOHE NEHER EEE Deemer neeeee
Oem e ee eee mmm eee Heme Ree E He EHH EERE HEHE ODED E EEE PHD E DEORE EERE EEE EROS SMES EOREE REM OO E REE EE SEO S OME SEES EEO OEE EREE DOES ESE H AMER EEE HHO OEE EOE SOE EE DEED EHEED
2 Ben eats 3 sandwiches every day; Jo eats 1 COMO C Om Raa HERO RRO H Eee eee mE O ERD EERE AHHH EEDA REE HES OE EO EET OREO HOHE TORE D EE eEoeEEe Ĩ HP Đĩn hon PP 00 00000 0 06660009000 0695 0000000902500 6000009 0 062 0002 000000006000 00 6909000906 00006 0 %9 60600 0090990200200 0 b0 40000 2 bê 0 66 09 0000200 0666400 00000046090604000 494 2ê 0 00090404060446200 (0000000020600 060660060
3 Helen has 23 computer games and Adrian has 25 PHO MORRO rere ee Hamer EON OEHHA HEMET OEE HAH HAE ED EEE ODER TEPER EHH E OEE HOE Camere mene ee Dame eee a Heer er HES RESO E SHRM OHSS H HEHE DE HES ERE E HOHE EERE SOHO OED DEES T EERO HE HEHE CORE ESE SE SEE SEE EERE ESO EE ER OEE AE HEURES EEE OEE OEE OOOH BE EY
4 Liz drinks 6 cups of coffee a day; Chris drinks 12 Án 6n ĐA G0846 604 60666026400 0920 06444424 6044094464444044603446464444244996e4416 5 0S +Yestse Cm RC m ame DE eee E Tee OH OR EL ETH EERE HDRES ER OOE SHED ODES THESE HOD MTOR DEORE SOE CEES OHNO FEE DEO HENEODES EET OHH O DOES T HEED E EMER ECHR ESTER OEE EERE EHH EO EE EO CEEE EEE Em EEE EEEe
§ Mike has 600 books, and David has 600 too Án ĐỢC Bo g4 n5 26 00008900 9666060006 0000009 00424404 0 04606 0 06A64046096644092400260402006060000006009.8 t0 0ee
2 -“ 'ˆẺẺPˆĨ ÁÁÁ Á.ÁỔ , ,.,
6 Nedjma only has a little free time; Ali has a lot — .Ố Ố.Ố.Ố ““ CC - ỐỐ.Ố Ố.ỐỐ.Ố.( Ố CỐ Ố , Ố , , , , , Ẻ
Trang 18test yourself adjectives and adverbs
@ write the adverbs
tal ety, tates TT Ơ
int€r€StÏNE - ST HH nen tre TS
CHIN lcÌuCađa))})à)ộ
0ì 2 Am 4 095.0
» She was wearing a red beautiful coat :::.2.0£8<1 02L, Y€0, CDỒK, cu
1
NA
OQ
PW
bị
There are fiÌms interestings on TV tonighit - ch HH hung ngư,
There* a good and cheap restaurant in DOVeT ŠT .- LG HH HH HH HH nen vu
He’s tall, dark, goođd-Ìooking - HH HH kh ngư,
She'* the best pianist Of the WOrÌd HQ TH HH HH HH ng kh,
My sister is much taller that íme no HH HH ni
Anna is the more beautiful person hef€ HH nàng khen vở Ï am very interesting in the lesSONS QQQQHn HH hnnrrc
Q Where đo the adjectives and adverbs go?
» Iam/ready (nearly) 2 She speaks Chinese (very well)
1 He was wearing dirty trousers (black) 3 I lost my keys ( yesterday)
© Circle\the correct answers
1 2
You are making a terrible / terribly mistake 3 I cook very bad / badly
She walked up the steps slew / slowly 4 Ann looks very unhappy / unhappily
Where do the adverbs go?
1 2
They’ve been married for 15 years (happily) 3 Ann and Simon are late (always)
We go to New York (often) 4 She’s an interesting person (certainly)
| a |
Circle the correct answers
1 2
It was raining hard / hardly when ï got up 3 I’m terrible / terribly sorry 1 arrived so late / lately The boss is a really friend / friendly person 4 Please drive slowlier / more slowly
Look at the pictures and make sentences
P B/fast/A Pits fOSter th UẬU c re A £14,999
1 A/fast/B_ A iS TOT ⧠Q.1 tre ES Maximum speed
2 C/€XD€NSIV€ / Â .Q.Q Quà 120 km/h
3 A/ expensive / B 8 £29,999
4 B/expensive Bis the Maximum speed
“1 7n 200 km/h
6
7
C/ big FT C £19,999
C DIG He a Maximum speed
Š le) 150 km/h
[@ More difficult questions