Oxford University Press The.Good.Grammar.Book

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OXFORD

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list of units

SECTION 1 beand hơve pages 1-12

grammar summary and pre-test

be {!am happy today Are we late?

be: past Where were you?

| was in Glasgow

be: future The bus will be full

there is There 5 a dog in the garden

have with do do you have? | don’t have

have without do: have got

Have you got a cat?

have: actions He’s having a shower

test yourself be and have

SECTION 2 present tenses

simple present affirmative

! work; you work; she works

simple present: use / work in a bank

simple present questions

Do you remember me?

simple present negatives

She doesn’t ski

simple present: revision

present progressive: forms

I’m not working

! don't know

I'm reading;

present progressive: use

I’m (not) working today

present progressive questions

Is it raining?

present progressive: revision

the two present tenses: the difference

non-progressive verbs

test yourself present tenses

SECTION 3 talking about the future

pages 31-40

going to Look - it’s going to rain

present progressive

What are you doing this evening?

the will-future: forms

They won't come

will: predicting

I think it will rain tomorrow

! will work

will, deciding, refusing, promising

I'll answer it

24

25 26-27

28-29

30

31 32-33

simple present for future

Our train leaves at 8.10

test yourself future

SECTION 4 past tenses pages 41-50

simple past: forms

1 worked | did not work

simple past questions Did she pay?

What did she say?

questions without did Who phoned?

What happened?

simple past: use | eft school in 1990

simple past: revision

past progressive

What were you doing at 8.00?

simple past or past progressive?

1! walked / | was walking

test yourself past tenses

SECTION 5 perfect tenses grammar summary and pre-test present perfect: forms / have paid

Has she forgotten?

finished actions: present perfect or simple past?

present perfect: news We've found oil in the garden!

present perfect and simple past:

news and details

up to now (1) How much? How often?

already, yet and just

up to now (2) I’ve been here since Tuesday

up to now (3): present perfect progressive present perfect or

present perfect progressive?

simple past and present perfect: summary

present perfect and simple past:

revision exercises past perfect

It had already begun when we arrived

test yourself perfect tenses

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SECTION 6 modal verbs pages 71-92

grammar summary and pre-test 7\

modal verbs: introduction

must You must be home by eleven

mustn’t and needn't

We mustn’t wake the baby 74

have to

Do you have to teach small children? 75

had to, will have to | didn’t have to pay 76

can and could He can play the piano

may and might It may snow

must/can †: certainty She must be in

can and could: requests

Can you lend me a stamp? 83

can, could and may: permission

Can | use the phone? 84-85

shall in questions What shall we do? 86

had better You'd better take your umbrella 87

would Would you like a drink?

used to | used to play the piano 89

perfect modal verbs

f should have studied harder 90-91

SECTION 7 passives pages 93-104

grammar summary and pre-test 93

passives: introduction

English is spoken in Australia 94

simple present passive

We are woken by the birds 95

future passive

Tomorrow your bicycle will be stolen 96

simple past passive

| was stopped by a policeman 97

present progressive passive

present perfect passive

The house has been sold 99

verbs with two objects

by with passives Who was it made by? 101

Passive or active? which tense? 102-103

negatives Dogs can’t fly

| don’t know why

negatives with nobody, never etc Nobody loves me

negative questions test yourself questions and negatives

Arent you well?

SECTION 9 infinitives and -ing forms pages 117-134

infinitives: using to! want to go

Must you go?

infinitives of purpose She went to Paris to study music

verb + infinitive

| hope to be an airline pilot

verb + object + infinitive

He wants me to cook

adjective + infinitive glad to find you at home

adjectives with enough/too + infinitive

too tired to sing some letters to write; nothing to eat

it with infinitive subjects It’s nice to be here with you

-ing forms as subjects Smoking is bad for you

verb + .ing

1 can help feeling unhappy

preposition + .ing

Thank you for coming

test yourself infinitives and -ing forms

SECTION 10

pages 135-144 grammar summary and pre-test

verbs with prepositions Wait for me

prepositions in questions Who did you go with?

phrasal verbs Come in, take off your coat and sit down

105

106-7 108-9

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verbs with two objects

Take the boss these letters

have something done

| have my hair cut every week

imperatives Come in Don’t worry

let’s (suggestions) let’s go

test yourself special structures with verbs

SECTION 11 articles: a/an and the

pages 145-158

a/an; pronunciation of the

countable and uncountable a car, cars; petrot 147

the and a/an Let’s see a film

I didn’t like the film 148-149

a/an: describing people

talking in general without the

special cases in bed; after lunch;

test yourself articles: a/an and the 158

SECTION 12 determiners pages 159-178

this, that, these and those 160-161

some and any | need some sugar

any, not any, no and none 164

some/any or no article

Have some toast | don’t like toast 166

any = ‘one or another — it’s not

much and many How much milk?

a little and a few alittle English;

too, too much/many and not enough 172

all (of) my friends; all of them;

determiners and of most people; most ofus 177

SECTION 13 personal pronouns; possessives

one and ones_ a big one;

‘s and s’ possessive: forms

‘Sand s’ possessive: use

lan s car, the boss 5 car 194-195

noun + noun

Milk chocolate is a kind of chocolate 196-197

SECTION 15 adjectives and adverbs pages 199-216

grammar summary and pre-test 199 adjectives a beautiful little girl who was

adverbs He ate quickly

It was badly cooked 202-203

adverbs with the verb

often, certainly, etc 204-205

interested and interesting etc 206

fast, hard, hardly, well, friendly, 207

comparative and superlative

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(not) as as

Your hands are as cold as ice — 214-215

test yourself adjectives and adverbs 216

SECTION 16 conjunctions pages 217-226

conjunctions: introduction

position of conjunctions

If you need help, ask me 219

before and after

| talked to [ohn before | phoned Peter 220

tenses with time conjunctions

Ill see you before you go 221

because and so; although and but 222-223

and | speak Russian, English and Swahili 224

double conjunctions both and;

SECTION 17 if pages 227-236

if, future

I'll phone you if | hear from Alice 229

not real / not probable

lfl go , will .; ffl went ., Í would 232

could = ‘would be able to’

We could go cycling if 234

unreal past !f a had happened,

SECTION 18 relative pronouns

pages 237-244

relative who and which

the keys which | lost 238-239

relative that a bird that can’t fly 240

leaving out relative pronouns

prepositions the man that she works for 242

relative what = It was just what | wanted 243

test yourself relative pronouns 244

xii LIST OF UNITS

SECTION 19 indirect speech pages 245-252 grammar summary and pre-test 245 tenses and pronouns

Bill said he was really happy 246-247 indirect questions

She asked him what his name was 248 present reporting verbs

She says she comes from London 249 here and now -» there and then 250 infinitives She told me to get out 251 test yourself indirect speech 252

SECTION 20 prepositions pages 253-264

at, in and on (time) 254-255

from to, until and by 256

other prepositions of place 260-261 prepositions of movement 262-263 test yourself prepositions - 264

SECTION 21 spoken grammar

pages 265-274 grammar summary and pre-test 265 question tags

This music isn’t very good, is it? 266-267 short answers Yes, | have No, they didn’t 268 reply questions Oh, yes? Did they really? 269

revision of spoken question and

answer structures 270

leaving out words Don’t know if she has 271

30 am I Nor can Pat 272-273

test yourself spoken grammar 274

APPENDICES pages 275-282

appendix 1 common irregular verbs 275

appendix 2 active and passive

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SECTION 1 be and have

@ grammar summary

be (am/are/is/was/were)

e We can use adjectives, nouns or expressions of place after be

She is late I'm hungry Are you a doctor? Is everybody here?

e We use a special structure with be — there is — to introduce things: to say that they exist

There's a strange woman at the door There are some letters for you

e Be can be an auxiliary verb in progressive tenses (see page 21) and passives (see page 93)

She is working It was made in Hong Kong

have (have/has/had)

e We can use have or have got to talk about possession, relationships and some other ideas

Do you have a car? | don’t have any brothers or sisters Ann has got a headache

e And we can use have to talk about some kinds of actions

I’m going to have a shower What time do you have breakfast?

e Have can also be an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses (see Section 5)

| haven’t seen her all day We knew that he had taken the money

@ pre-test: which units do you need?

Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 283

Oo Circle the correct answer @ Correct (⁄) or not (X)?

> I(am)/ are tired > I don’t had lunch today X

1 Mary is / has very happy today 1 I’m not lamn’t he’s not he isn’t

2 Are / Have / Do you hot? 2 I not had lunch today

3 There is / It is a new secretary in the office 3 Do you got a car?

4 Had you / Did you have a good journey? 4 My friends was late

5 I don’t have many friends

> The train was late VV4$S the t:4L+ LAE£?,

1 All the family will be at home _ Ăn,

2 There will be a meeting tOmOrTOW _ _ HH HH HHỊ HH,

3 Phil has got a headache _ ằ.eneeiiieeiằi

4 Ann had a lesson yesterday HS Sàn

To be or not to be, ' There's a thin man inside every fat man

that ts the question | (George Orwell) ¢

_.- razespeare: Te - De! You can have it ali, t

: but you can’t do it all :

({ _ IfyouYye got everything, youYe got nothing :

{ eI iy NIN gree: - 2 (Leni MacShaw) ¢

BE AND HAVE 1

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be lIamhappy today Are we late?

fam youare he/she/itis weare they are

ami? areyou? is he/she/it? arewe? are they?

B (amnoi youarenot he/she/it isnot wearenot they are not

!am a doctor Are you American? We are not ready

@ Put in am, are or is

» You 48!€ late 4 1 happy today

1 We very well S I think you tired

2 My sister a doctor 6 Our house very small

3 John and Anno in America

In conversation and informal writing, we use contractions:

I’m you're he’s she’s it’ Johns the trans we're they're

I'm a doctor You're late John’s in London The shop 5 open We're ready

@ Write these sentences with contractions

® Anh ñsiHl KV, ĐT: ec Hee 4 _ My name is Petet -

1 WWe are all tired -Ă cv S YOU AF€ €A[ÌY Q LH nho

2 They are here + Ặ2< 1S 6 The shop is closed «.c.-

3 Ï am SOTFY QQQSHnSnnHHHnnHHnHư nh kh

To make questions (J) with be, we put the verb before the subject

STATEMENT Eg: / am late The taxi is here We are late Your keys are in the car

QUESTION J: Am! late? Is the taxi here? Are we late? _—s Are my keys in the car?

P Bill / Scottish /S Bill Scotttes ee 3 John /in bed

1 Marie / from Paris _ 4 The boss /in Japan

2 We / very late _ 3 His car / ÍaS{

Do you know all these question words?

who what when where why how

Contractions with is: who's what's when's where's how's why’s

Who's that? What's this? When is the party? Where's the station? Why are we here?

How are you?

L4) Put in question words with are or ‘s

1 that?’ ‘It’s my brother.’

pm wwineré ave co Joe and Ann?’ ‘In London.’

2 TH v.v my glasses?’ ‘Here.’

TQ Q.2 1k ren your English teacher?’ ‘Mrs Allen.’

Á TU Hye you late?’ ‘My watch is broken.’

SS cccccseecteeceeneseesssseesenes the exam?’ ‘On Tuesday.’

¬ your mother?’ ‘Very well, thanks.’

2 BE AND HAVE

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To make negative () sentences with be, we put not after am/are/is or “m, 7€, 5

fam not Scottish We are not ready I’m not tired She's not here They re not my friends

We can also make contractions with n’t: you aren't, she isn’t, etc (BUT NOT temrs

6 Write negative ({) ends for the sentences

> It’s winter, but (fB) cold) {tts t cls cc eeeeenee re eeeeeeeeees

> I’m Greek, but (@§ from Athens) M4 W0t from Athens ceeeeeetenees

1 She's tired, but (BB ill) ec cc ec ccecseeeeeeeeeneerareneenseeneeeeas

2 They are in England, but (@ in IEoatetosWddddddỎ

3 Youre tall, but (Ä too tall) . -cssssehhhhhHihhherrreirdirriie

4 Weare late, but ( very late) ằằằnhnhnrrerrdrrdrrre

ŠS_[t's summer, but ( hot) -hnhhhhnnrrrrrddrdeeeee

6 Ứm a student, but (EÄ at university) ìàằnninrerrdrrdrdrdrrrrerrrrrre

We often use be with: hungry, thirsty, cold, hot, right, wrong, afraid, interested, what colour?, what size?

And we use be with ages

Have you got anything to eat? I’m hungry I'm cold It’s very hot here in surnmer

‘It’s late.’ ‘You're right Let’s go.’ Are you afraid of spiders? What colour is her hair?

What size are your shoes? ‘How old are you?’ ‘I'm 17.’ i'm interested in politics

6 Complete the sentences under the pictures

P Sheis h¿+24ru 1 He 2 She Ậ Q ccccceece- 4 ]t

2 Put in words from the box

afraid “colour interested Tight size

> He is a big man, bụt he ¡s 4Í⁄814 of her 3 What is your car?

1 You think I’m wrong, but I know I'm 4 Sorry, Ïm not . in her

2 What - small, medium or large? problems

Q Read the text, and then write about yourself

His name’s Noureddin He’s from Rabat, in Morocco

He’s a student He’s 21 He isn’t married He’s interested

in music and politics He isn’t interested in sport

ere rr rr ee ee ee Dee eee em eee meee Ree RHODE HEED EH EEO EOD E DHHS O HEED OEHHT OHHH SHES EHES ESOS E ES aEn Ee

"—< , DŨ

ĐA 83 3990990200909900060000002 5 nh 0 99000000009009006000000609009009 00000 1900090999 80 0009 0w 48

"— ÔÔÔÔÔÔ Ô Ô Ắ -.-.Aa-D EE BE AND HAVE 3

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be: past Where were you? I was in Glasgow

| was you were he/she/it was wewere they were

was!? wereyou? was he/she/it? werewe? were they?

Gi | /wasnot you werenot he/she/it was not we werenot they were not

Contractions: wasn’t, weren’t

Where were you yesterday? My mother was a singer | wasn’t weil last week

@ Put in was or were

> In summer 1990 7 480 in Brazil

1 “®W very happy to see vou yesterday.’ ‘And 1 happy to see you.’

2 Lunch OK, but the vegetables not very good

3$ I can't find my keys They here this morning

4 Mt cold and dark, and we tired

5 My grandmother a doctor, and her three children all doctors too

Ố you in London yesterday?” “No, L in Glasgow.’

7 “When your exam?” “Ít yesterday.’

Q Put the words in the correct order to make questions

> Ann at home yesterday was vX⁄45.21⁄424.81 once 6511 Â TT Q c c t HH HH Hư e

1 8OOd Dparty Was tH€ LG Hong KT ng To ng

2 people were the inter€stÍnB HH ng HH ng HH nh nhe nhe Hư ch th

3 teacher father yOUr WaS 4_ LH HH Ho ng ngà

4 everybody Wwas ÏÌat€ HQ HH nọ tu TH hh g nh

5 John’s brother school was with at YOU LG HH th HH ng g0 T11 ki ng c0 1 và

the box Make sure you understand

actually Use a dictionary if necessary

P The lesson 1/284 t tetenestingys vu

Actually, it was very boring

We went to Scotland for a few days

+ For the present perfect of be (! have been etc), see page 61

4 BE AND HAVE

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be: future The bus will be full

I/you/he/she/it/we/they will be

will I/you/she etc be?

Contractions: /‘4l, you‘ll etc; won't (= will not)

it will be cold this evening I'll be at home all day tomorrow

Where will we be ten years from now? The exam won't be difficult

1) Look at the table and complete the text

Tomorrow tt, will 6¢ very hot in Cairo

Ít hotin

HH 9V rên warm in

—— cold in

¬ very cold in

1 II be SOrFy HH HH HH em It will NOt De NOt —

We won't be at home on eee ccescccnsceceeeeecesseceeeseecseeceeauseceaeesesssensoeees The shops will be closed - - SH HH nhe rey liðI0s› 0i 8e nhe

Ann will be at school -.- TQ SH HH th ve Rn + WN To make future questions with be, we put will before the subject STATEMENT EJ: We will be late Her brother, will be here at 10.00 The bus will be full QUESTION J: Will we be late? —- When will her brother be here? Will the bus be full? € Make questions with will be .7

> you / at home / this evening WEL! you be at homme this VÀ QT Le m when / lunch / ready V⁄0t#.w(LL.La«xch, Đ£.r€44W7 ca 1 when / your father / in England LH TH HH To kh, 2 Ann / at the party / with John .Q TQ“ HH HH HH tr 3 everybody / here / at 8.00 na

4 the train / lat€e / aØaÌn Q HH HH ng 5_ when /Joe and Mary / ¡in the OÍfC€ TQ HH HH HT re 6 the weather / ZOOd / tOMOTTOW _ HQ HẠ HH HH TH ng FT 006 - n ố .e

0 Complete the sentences 1 (your age) This year Fam ee ceceeeeeeenecenaeaeees 117A, 0, 00 Last year I Next year l In 20 I

2 (a friend’s age) This year he/she eie In 2000 LH Last year Next year In 20

BE AND HAVE 5

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there is ThereS d dog 1H the gardCcH

there is there are

is there? are there?

there isnot there are not

| mee

Contractions: there%; isnft, aren’t, wasn’t, weren't

We use there is, there are etc to say that something or somebody exists

We often use there is, there are etc before a/an, some and any

There's a dog in the garden (NOT A-dog-ts-in-the-garden.) There are some letters for you

Is there any milk in the fridge? (NOT 4-eny-mite .7) There isn’t much coffee

Were there any phone calls? (NOT Were-any-phone-caits ?) There was a good film last night

@ Make some sentences with words from the three boxes, using there is etc

There is/are a lot of water air grass dogs in Africa’ in the USA

There isn’t much elephants trees cars in Antarctica in London

There aren’t many —» |people computers —> |onthe moon ¡in 1600

There isn’t/aren’t any

There wasn't/weren’t any

BaVe oer Vacs cere rec g ape rsa cele see ee eee tases ade DESPRE EEE SESE EED REED ESE ESHER DEES Dee E dee Heese DETTE

To make questions with there is etc, we put is etc before there

STATEMENT EJ: ‘There isa letter for you There were some problems _ William says there ” Six eggs

QUESTION J: Is there a letter forme? — Were there any problems? How many eggs are there?

Q Make present or past questions with there is etc

2P 9k c.en (1ˆ

a doctor her€ (Dr€S€fIf) 4Q HH HH TH nọ go ng 1 0458874

any trains to London this evening (present) much money in your bank account (present) how many students / in your Class (present)

a special price for students (past)

any mistakes in my letter (Ð4$f) QQQ HH4 ng nh nh HH HH many children at the swimming pOOl (Pđ5f) LH TH nh HT tra

how many people / at the DarY (Øđ5É) QQQQ Q HHHg ng Tnhh H0 KT ch

TT ˆẺˆẺˆÁ Ố 9A9 6060600440986 0604066090600040040660000 46 0044204400200996944000444004400009 062004006206 tsỶ

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FUTURE: EJ there will be will there be? i there will not be

Contractions: there‘l; won't (= will not)

universities DỤ 1 fe 2 3 fT 7 escccssccvoccconsecececctscatscecsccesscesscusecsenscusees ceceenaantetesenscnnnnteeseesennnnnneecerssnnnnesseceennnannnecesteniaan

We don't use it is like there is We usually use it is for something that we have already talked about,

or that people already know about

There’s a car outside It’s a Ford (NOT #s-a-ear-outside.)

O Circlethe correct form

1 It’s {| There’s a new bookshop in East Street 4 There isn’t / It isn’t a supermarket here

2 ‘Whose is that dog?’ ‘It’s / There’s mine.’ 5 ‘What's that?’ ‘It’s / There’s my new calculator.’

3 Is it / there a bus stop in this street? 6 ‘How’s your new job?’ ‘It’s / There's interesting.’

Read the advertisement with a dictionary and complete the sentences

D TEE ANE WO floors 4 EWO .ìà cc

bề TÌ(Y€ $8 VO VĂN ceeeeeeeeee kitchen § fOur

livingroom 6 84S

Â c.u Q,L HH ng tư SfUẨY ˆ 7 HH HH HH re garage

Bo liececeeeseseseseeeseeeeeteeceeceeeceseessenteusaneanas cloakrtoom 8 Ìarge .- -c.c«2

ref na 671749

_

Modern kitchen, large living room, smal] study, downstairs cloakroom

and shower room, 4 bedrooms,

2 bathrooms, gas central heating, double garage, large garden

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have with do do you have? I don’t have

l/you/We/theyhave he/she/it has I/you/he/she/it/we/they had

8 | do |/you/we/they have? does he/she/it have? did |/you/he etc have?

| = I/you/we/they do not have he/she/it does not have | !|/you/he etc did not have

Contractions: don’t, doesn't, didn’t

We can use have to talk about possession, family (and other) relationships and ilinesses

| have a new car Ann has two sisters Pete has a nice girlfriend Joe had a cold last week

We also say that people have hair, eyes etc; and that things have parts

You have beautiful eyes Our old car only had two doors, but the new one has four

Oo Circle the correct form

> John /@have two brothers 4 I see that your brother had / has a new girlfriend

> Mary has ada cold yesterday S You / Paul has very long hair

1 My father / My parents has two Cars 6 These houses have / has big rooms

2 We all / Sally have blue eyes 7 I can’t read this book - it has / had 800 pages

3 I have / had a headache yesterday evening 8 Ann had a good job last year / now

We can make questions (J) and negatives () with do/does/did + infinitive (without to)

(For questions and negatives without do, see page 10.)

| have the keys Do | have the keys? | do not have the keys

foe has a car Does joe have a car? (NOT Bees-jee-has ) joe doesn’t have a car

Ann had a cold Did Ann have a cold? (NOT -Did-Ann-had ) Ann didn’t have a cold

Q Make questions (§) or negatives () with have

b you / a cat BJ Pe YO AVE Ca uc HH ty HH HH

1 we / garden [Ñ W don't Q9 ng

they / any children | LH HH" ng nh ng kg kg

my aunt / a dog[ LG HH HH HH HH kh Mary / any brothers or sisters QB .cececsssceseccennsccssceenseseneneesssaeessseetsaeesessessaeeseuseanseceeaeetessate 1/ enough money .Q LH," HH tk kh

WOME ee Se rece Hoe ECCT hans HE OPEC THEE TEEPE EE DESO EF DO ERL SEHD

L a Computer Qh ec csssesseeseeessessessessrscnseceresscceneesseaeseasessevsreseees

4 many nice clothes ._ Q2 0 ng ng kg kg nu

5 her OWN LOOM 5)?n .ẻ ố ae

8 BE AND HAVE

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0 Write sentences about yourself with / hađ and ! didn't have

1 When I was a chiid, I had -Q QC 0n HH HH SH ng nh nh ch cr

2 When I was a chỉld, I đidnˆt haVe- QC QQ ng HH HH HH HH nh về

FUTURE

I/you/he/she/it/we/they will have

will I/you/he etc have?

I/you/he etc will not have

We use will (not) have to talk about the future

One day, everybody will have enough food Mary says that she won't have children

To make future questions with have, we put will before the subject

STATEMENT EJ: john will have a car soon The baby will have blue eyes

QUESTION J: Will john have a car soon? _—Will the baby have blue eyes?

6 Read the text and complete the sentences about John’s future

This year, John doesn’t have money, a job, a house, a girlfriend, a suit or a car

He has a small room, a bicycle, old clothes, a guitar and a cat But next year:

> acat Will he have a cat?

La JOD Gy a

2 abicycle -Ặ Sàn

a Nouse ;Ẳ Ắ ằỐằ 8

a girlfriend Ä nen khe,

old clothes Ñ -QQQ SH 9 ngư

ONAN

@ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: relations

Put in words from the box Use a dictionary if necessary

_ —

1 Bill’s sister has three daughters and a son, and Bill’s brother has three sons So Bill has three

LỆẴ©&S and four l

2 Bill’s father has two brothers, both married; and his mother has two sisters, one married So Bill

has three and four

3 Bill’s uncles and aunts have eight children So Bill has e

Lao 6 na ố ốốốốố ốố ẻốốốe

> For auxiliary hove, see page 52 + For the present perfect (! have had), see page 52

> For hove a bath etc, see page 11 + For more about future tenses, see Section 3

> For have got, see page 10

BE AND HAVE 9

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have without do: have got Have you got a cat?

| I/you/we/they have got he/she/it has got

have |/you etc got? has he/she/it got?

| //you etc have not got he/she/it has not got

Contractions: I’ve, he’s etc; haven't, hasn't

We often use got with have, especially in the present This does not change the meaning: we use

have/has got like have/has to talk about possession etc

! have got is the same as / have

Have you got? is the same as Do you have? (We don’t use do/does with have got.)

She hasn‘t got is the same as She doesn’t have

I’ve got a cat (more natural than / have a cat) Has she got a dog? (NOT Boes-she-have-get .)

! haven't got a car She’s got a sister You’ve got beautiful eyes Have you got a cold?

1) Write about john’s possessions etc

DOERR A OSD MM CET EAE REORDER HED PED HE EOR ERED E ORD E Số ốc CO

> a horse: X Hte hasn't got a horse, OO eee ve H Omer e Oe eee MMOD APE T HEH HER ee B EEE EP EHH EEE Eee DED HEHE Re EeH DESDE sen eEe

> any children: x tte hasn't got any children ees

| 0) 0h 0 0 6 Sy ee

A CAT X QQQQQuH nh HH nh nh ch nà

OBS: 3 Q Gv rớ

a (ÍCLÍONAFTW: v/ QQ LH KT ng tren 00.19

AnV SISETS: X Q nu HH HH HH KH nhu

To make questions (J) with have got, we put have/has before the subject

STATEMENT fg: / have got a cold Eric's got a fast car Sue and Joe have got tickets

QUESTION 2: Have you gotacold? Has Eric gota fast car? Have Sue and foe got tickets?

> they / big house tave they got a big house? cesses

1 they / Dig garden oi ceccecccsecsectsenescesesseneceresscnsesescssestesessseseeaes

2 Ann / ZOO FOOD eee eeeseessentencaeeecereceeeeespenaessaneeeeteceseeteeas

3 Bill / Dig Car .QQQ QUY nen

` 2) c.‹‹ỤŒ<€t%N

Past forms (! had got, etc) are unusual We don’t use got in the future

She had a fast car (more natural than She had got a fast car.) | will have (NOT Hwilthave-get)

> For auxiliary have, see page 52 + For have a bath etc, see page 11

10 BE AND HAVE

Trang 16

have: actions He’s having a shower

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: common expressions with have (use a dictionary if necessary)

have breakfast, lunch, dinner, (a cup of) tea/coffee, a drink, something to eat/drink

have eggs/toast for breakfast, have fish for lunch, etc have a wash, a shower, a bath

have a good time, a bad day, a nice evening, a party, a holiday, a game

have a good flight/trip/journey etc have a conversation have a baby

We use have in a lot of common expressions to talk about actions (We don’t use have got like this.)

! usually have breakfast at seven o'clock (NOT theve-got-breakfast ) I’m going to have a shower

Would you like to have something to eat? If Bill comes this weekend we'll have a party

Mary had a baby in June Are you having a good time? ‘Have a good flight.’ ‘Thanks.’

@ Complete the sentences Use have, has or had with words from the box \/

a baby coffee dinner a game aparty/“ a shower toast

— — _

b The people next door 48.8.2ArŸU -

last night and I couldn’t sleep

II with John yesterday evening

2_ My boss usualÌÌy .- - + S222<<<~<< + at 11 oclock

3 Ann5 going tO «se eeo in August

4 IusualÏY - «cà before breakfast

5 W€ aÏWayS HH re for breakfast

6 Would you like tO + 1< 2< of tennis?

We make simple present and past questions and negatives with do/does and did

We don’t have parties very often Does Bill have eggs for breakfast?

Did you have a good journey? We didn’t have a holiday

@ Make questions (E)) and negatives (B)

1 (lunch @) What time .Q TQ LH HH HH on Sundays?

2 (good trip HM) Ann was in America last W€ek Ặ GQQHn HH ngkn

3 (shower ) The hotel bathroom was very dirtVy, SO ÌÏ, HH HH nh re

4 (good flight FJ) Welcome to England, Mr GarcÍa - SH TH HH nh

S (good game RB) BÌ1I and [ played tennis this morning.” - c HH kh

6 (COffee BBD) a before I go to bed

BE AND HAVE 11

Trang 17

test yourself be and have

@ Write these sentences with contractions

Pm John is tired l0h5,ttYEỐ, ii 5 Ann is not English (two answers)

1 They were nOt F€AdY - nghênh HH HH 0011211211111181712 1121818101 1101111101

2 We are aÌl here ằĂỈhHHhe 5 ÔÔÔÔÒÔỎ

3 lam not a stuđent «se 6 She will not be late c 4_ Where is your houS€? cà sen

€Circle the correct answers

»úờ/ Áre your brother at home?

1 Where / Who / How is the station?

2 1 / We was in London yesterday

3 Are / Have you thirsty?

Alice is / has three brothers

My sister is / has 25 today

Tam / have cold.’ ‘Put on a sweater

I wart / wort be here next week

NA

@ Change the sentences to questions or negatives

» It’s Tuesday Ñ edt fant THesdau, OR It SMC THESAAU LH HH ng ng g0 kg 1 KT 1 k1 5 vn

1 There* a taXí OUtSÍd€, [Ï -QQ LG ng HH“ nu 00-6 800.1 8 180 8080 96

2 Chris has got a headache -.Q LH HH, HH HH nọ TH tà HT ch

Ann had a meeting yesterday lẰ Lee HH HH Hết

There will be an English lesson tomorrow #j_ c co ng ng ky

Vm HUN ry Bh nceeescccccccsssesssssseeveescsnsenessenseessaesssesssesseenseessasesseseaesssesseesssensseassssseseessegeeseseesseseeaeees

Ánn* got a new Cai Ñ on nhe HH HH HT nàn KH H84

She had a nice time at the party Ej_ Le HH HH HH nã

10 The house has got a big garden RÃ L LH Hàn HH gu

» I don’t had breakfast today X 4 Is there any eggs in the fridge?

1 Do you got a bicycle? S It is a new supermarket in High Street

2 Had you a good journey? 6 There won't be a lesson tomorrow

3 Jane is having a shower 7 Do you have a bicycle?

Put in a suitable affirmative (—) or negative (§§) form of be or have

Helen : fourteen She 2 at a very nice school; she 3 interested in the lessons ~ there 4 only two teachers that she doesn’t like - and she

ha got lots of friends (Two years ago she 6 at a different school;

the lessons 7 very good, and she s many friends, so she

Ở Cu kưy very unhappy.) The school :0 twenty km from Helen’s house,

so she gets up early She !1 a quick wash, and then she !2 breakfast -

cereal and fruit juice if she 13 "¬ hungry There 14 a school bus, but if

HE T5 cu HH kiên very cold her mother takes her by car In the evenings she 16

school work; SHE 17 much difficulty with this, so she usually finishes quickly

Then She 18 supper At ten o'clock she 19 a bath and goes to bed,

On Saturdays and Sundays she gets up at 12.00, 20 a quick lunch and goes straight

to her computer games

{#] More difficult question

12 BE AND HAVE

Trang 18

SECTION 2 present tenses

@ grammar summary

SIMPLE PRESENT: / work, she works, he doesn’t work, etc

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: ! am working, she is working, he isn’t working, etc

—_———>——— mm mm

English has two ‘present’ tenses

e We use the simple present mostly to talk about things that are always true, and things that happen

repeatedly

Dogs eat meat My grandmother lives in Brighton | work every Saturday

e We use the present progressive (or ‘present continuous’) to talk about things that are happening just

around the time when we speak

Look! The dog’s eating your shoe I'm working hard these days

e We can also use the present progressive to talk about the future (see page 34)

I'm seeing Lucy tomorrow

@ Correct (⁄) or not (x)?

> Look! It rains! X 7 Where do she works?

1 I’m geting tired 8 Where does she works?

2 I'm watching TV every evening 9 Where does your sister live?

3 ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I’m reading.’ 10 Where do the manager and his wife live?

4 Andy always drive too fast 11 What you are doing?

5 John flys to New York every Monday 12 I’m not knowing her address

6 I donot want to see that film

She's leaving home

Am |asking too much? I'm flying

Why do ! love you?

I love Paris in the springtime

I don’t want to doit

8 UNE RE 6 OT SIT ERO PR FOE OE Ye OE EO OTIS IIE NAT NG OT RR em Ne re na Ga na ca nh acc

PRESENT TENSES 13

Trang 19

simple present’ affirmative I work; you work; she works

| work you work he/she/it works — we work

llive youlwe he/she/itlves we live

lsop you stop he/she/itstops —_ we stop

they work they live

| work in a bank

You live near my brother

We stop the lessons at 5.00

HOW TO MAKE HE/SHE/IT FORMS

He works in a restaurant

She lives in Liverpool

The train stops at York

@ most verbs: + -s work —» works know —> knows rain — rains

e -5, -sh, -ch, -x: + -eS pass > passes wash-—» washes teach» teaches mix —> mixes

@ exceptions: go> goes do-—>does have — has

@ Write the he/she/it forms

read run smoke stand Start touch watch wish write

+ -S: COVES oe iecee Tnhh ng go ng KH kg KH 9 Gaaeesenaneseceeeeeees 59010883955 11111356

VERBS ENDING IN -Y

e vowel + y -ay, -ey, -OY, -uy: + -S say —> says

e consonant +y -dy, -ly, -py, -ry, etc: -y—>-ies fly — flies

@ write the he/she/it forms

+ -S: buys Mee ceeene Min KH KH KH Kế CÓ teaeeaeeteeeaeees kg key

xẻ .ư = =—§«-_- a re mersserscesers

> eats dog too your much

eee eee rm PAOD REED R EOD O Ee EEE OOOH OSES ODOR EDs eT OH Es ensonnios

PRR HODDER eRe Tene HEHE EEE EO EEE OEEOREROREOERE OSES ERED SDEEE DED SESE DESH EEEED

rere ee eee ee Cee eee ee eee Ver rrr ere re rer ere eee eee rere ree ree eee er eeer yy)

Dm Reem Reem h eRe Ree OH DOH OHH HOO DRESS E ES DED MEESTER SHES ODES HER EOD ROTORS

19 1 61^ 5909090690469 4966999604 006906 6669596409609 55959 se sen h8 êm

* Also called ‘present simple’

14 PRESENT TENSES

Scere ereeersccere = = =—§«-_-_— ebm aeteesareres = =—§«_—«_ warm aeeeneenarece

0 Circle the correct answers

> (Wey My friend always wear old clothes

> You {Johnaiways wears nice clothes

1 We all / The boss thinks you’re wonderful

2 1 / Catherine want a new job

Bread / Books costs a lot

Andy / Andy and Pete sings very well

Mary / Mary and Ian like parties

You / She drive too fast

Our cat / Our cats never catches mice

That child / Children makes a lot of noise

That bus / All those buses go to the station

My father / My mother and father teaches English

Trang 20

simple present: use / work in a bank

We use the simple present to talk about:

@ things that are always true e habits and things that happen repeatedly

The sun rises in the east My parents live near Dover Joe plays golf on Saturdays

We often use the simple present with words that tell you how often: for example aiways, never, often,

sometimes, usually, once a day, twice a week, every year, all the time

She always forgets my birthday I often get headaches You never listen to me

We play basketball twice a week It rains all the time here

0 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of verbs from the boxes

> Peter always .2ét§.1 late on Sundays

1 Ann and john sometimes tennis at weekends

2 My mother often French at home

3 Smail children questions all the time

4 Sarah to Oxford to see her mother twice a week

` more mistakes in English when I’m tired

6 Andy always his clothes on Saturdays

7 That child never ‘Thank you.’

8 He in the same chair every evening

9 She to go skiing every year

1Ô My father TV most evenings

Q GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: seven useful things

Use a dictionary if necessary Put the beginnings and

ends together Put -(e)s on the verb if necessary

1 A dishwasher wash &$ A clothes

2 A cooker make B food cool

4 A fridge keep D_ food very cold

5 Washing machines wash E copies of papers ,

6 Photocopiers make F plates, cups, etc 4

7 Acamera take G photographs

We do not use a present tense to talk about how long something has lasted (see page 61)

I have known her since 1990 (NOT +know-her-since-}990.)

> For word order with words like aways, often, sometimes, see page 204

PRESENT TENSES 15

Trang 21

simple present questions Do you remember me?

—

[a do! work? do you work? does he/she/it work? do we work? do they work?

We make simple present questions (J) with do/does + subject + infinitive (without fo)

I know Do | know?

You think Do you think? (NOT Fhinicyev?)

He likes Does he like? (NOT Dees-he-tikes?)

She remembers Does she remember?

They understand Do they understand?

oO Put in do or does

PPO ee you know my friend Andy? 3 you speak Chinese?

»Pe£s this bus go to Cambridge? 4 Sarah go to school on Saturdays?

l Ann want to come with us? ` this shop sell stamps?

MA your parents live near here? 6 Bill and Harry play golf?

> They smoke BO tHE SMO 7a

> Ann teaches French .P26S AY VAN EM N2 cuc HH ngu

1 The Oxford bus stops Here 0.0 cee ceesesneneeeceessssneeesesceseseeeseoesceeesesseateeersessuaes

2 The teachers know her - LH ng ng kh

YOu play the pianO HH HH HH ng HT

John works in a reStfAUrai( cu ng HH pH KH c1 cá

We need more €gÿ§5 -. Q Q SH Họng HT no sọ kh Mary lik€S DaFẲi€S QLQQ HH ng ng Hi ch

Peter speaks Spanish welÌ HH HH kg it

Do you know all these question words?

what when where who why how howmuch howmany what time

What do you think? (NOT -Whet-thint-yeu?) Where does Lucy live? (NOT Where—ivesttey?)

How much does this cost? (NOT How-muchthis—costs? )

What time does the train leave? (NOT Whet-timethetrainteaves? )

> How much does the theRet oe cost? (the ticket / the tickets)

I _Where do - live? (your daughter / your children)

2 What time does start? (the lesson / the lessons)

3 What do want? (you / the girl)

4 When does - -s2 finish? (the holidays / the holiday)

S Why do ca talk so fast? (that woman / those women)

6 What do - se think of the new boss? (you / she)

> For questions without do, like Who lives here?, see pages 110-111

16 PRESENT TENSES

Trang 22

0 Choose the correct question word and put in do or does

howv_ how many how much “what when where why

m ttow much does the ticket cost?

D HOW FO ceseeeeees you pronounce this word?

ah 1mDnnD your children live?

z she want?

đc ke ket the holidays start?

the teacher talk so fast?

TT cu HH ke khe languages he speak?

8 Make questions

> Where / she live? wWhere does she live?

1 What / You Want? oo

l/7 TK (co 7n na e

What time / the film start? oo

How much / those shoes COSt? .ccccccscscsssscsssenenseceecesecseneeseeseeseaaeaaauenstaasseqessssseaseeeeseess

Why / she need MONEY? ee

0 ZA.¡ T«e icon e-

Where / you buy yOUT (AE? .QQQQQ TL HT Họ cu v0 Who / you WaRIL tO S€€? Q LH.» ng TH ng th KH kh

Be careful when questions have long subjects - the word order does not change

Where does your other sister live?

Where does your sister’s old English teacher live?

(NOT Wheretives_yoursisters-ofd-_Engtshteacher? OR Where-doestive-your )

>» The President and his wife live in Madrid

1 Peter and Ann’s children play football on Saturdays

2 The film about skiing in New Zealand starts at 8.00

3 The second word in the first sentence means ‘kind’

POC e eRe eee eee ae MERE O Re OREO EO RODE DEED DOE OE ERE HOSEEH ES DES OES EE OR HO ORO EERIE EE HEE EH OEE D OEE S EES OHEE HHO MAH OOH EEHEAOEIF HEA OEPE EEE DED E EH OTE OO EEE OO OEE

4 The man in the flat downstairs wants to change his job

5

S A ticket for Saturday’s concert costs €15

How much Reece eRe meee ee eee mee meee ae EERE OOH R TEER ERED EET ONES EE ES ONE THEME OEE A ERAGE ESET H ENEMA EEE ORT THEE OTERO OHHH ERT ERE EHH HO HEEL OHHH DEES

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: common simple present questions

How do you pronounce this word? How do you spell that? What does this word mean?

How much does it cost / do they cost? Do you know Ann? Where do you live/work?

What do you do? ( = ‘What is your job?’) How do you do? (= ‘I’m pleased to meet you ˆ)

What time does the train/bus/plane leave/arrive? What time does the film/concert/class start?

> For more information about questions, see pages 106-111

+ For short answers like Yes, 1 do / No, | don’t, see page 268.

Trang 23

simple present negatives [don’t know She doesn’t ski

| know | do not know (NOT +kRew fet)

You think You do not think

He likes He does not like

She remembers She does not remember

It helps It does not help

They understand They do not understand

@ Make negative sentences Use do not or does not

> I play chess (cards) .).d2 Wot PLAY COVAS cece cseeesseeneees

Bill plays the piano very well (QUHlAr) TT HH TH cv

We agree about most things (Ïoli(l4yS), Gà HH kg ng rưy

Alan and John live near me (G£Orÿ£ đt ÁHẲT£W) Q QQ Q0 HH HH ng TH KH nh nen nen nhe

My father writes nOv€Ì5 ( DO€ÍTV) HH HT HT TH on Tu kh

Barbara works in London (ÏñVể) cu ng nh cv ke

Henry likes old books ( Ðđ47fi£S) .QQG HT HH TH TT ng TT TT nh ghen re

@ Make negative sentences Use don’t or doesn’t

1 TP diKe jazz (pop music) oo ccccescenceesnernnereeneteceneteneeseeeeseeetenesetegeeseeeeens

3 Peter remembers names very W€ÌÌ, ( CS) - HH HH HH TH Thọ HH vu

4 We know our Member of Parliament (his Wife) .cccccccscsssesecceesscceceecssececceccesessscauseceneaeeceees

5 Alice teaches engineering (atÏi€HIđfÍCS) cu ng HH KH ngờ

6 The children play football on Mondays (fØCk€y) .Q SG Q HS 2S HH1 SH 111 Y Hà Hà HH He,

7 The shops open on Sunday mornings (đƒÌ€fFHOOPHS) -c c H HH TH HH HH HH0 kc

€> complete the negative sentences, using words from the box

You can use do not / does not or don’t / doesn’t, as you like

_

ñsh in Britain much petro] “ much tennis

on Sundays Russian your phone number

Trang 24

4) Choose one verb to make each sentence negative

bIt d0/SW/(.SWOW very often in San Francisco (snow, sing, play)

1 Llike football, but Ï cricket at all (think, like, remember)

2 She tives in Japan, but she a word of Japanese (sing, work, speak)

3 Im sorry - Ì « your name (eat, remember, work)

4 He works in New York, but Ï - - what he does (know, use, come)

Š5_Marys really tired, but she to go to bed (help, want, walk)

Oe | a big flat - just one bedroom (work, play, want)

7 Phil very hard, but he makes a lot of money (work, stand, stop)

8 Ann’s parent eee eeeesteereeteeee I’m the right man for their daughter (write, read, think)

Look at the table, and write five or more sentences like this:

Ann plays tenuts, but she doesn’t pla Pec ee reas Geccegeporrereccss ne tH reer error eee see Deer Le E Emer Phat eg tener EEC SEER U ESOT OR ERE HH EPH ESS STOO S THESE SHED CSET RETO HOH HOO EEE EHH E ESOT SOOO PEER HEE eH ETO e EEE EES Peer eee Pee eRe eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eer eee eer reece ee eee ee Seer eee ere re Cee eee ee err eee Sees CESS eee eee ee eee eer errr eere eee rec err cee eer eran .ÔÔÔỐÔỐÔ 2 D DEEDS DESEO HELE SECO HOO HHO rE RHEE RHEE HELA HERE ESOS HO HHREH HERES HOE SES RTOS TEETH OHO OH ETOH OES OTHE SEES ESOT EOE SEE HENS O EEE SECON EEE OEE REE Pome mere r ered rete ree recede ere O ESOS OECD OE DEE DDH SEES ESSE ESET OHEE TES ESET DERE ERE T ERS EEHEES SENET HUNT EET OPED OEES EEE SEE SESEHESES ESSERE EE EE DOE ESOS EO US EH OEEE DEES Cee Ree eee OREO OSCE E EE OEE HERTS PEED EEO R EDR DEDEDE ORDO MOOOPEE HH OR HEH HORE OSH E EER ES DESEO EEO DOES O HERR D HEE HEE TEE OE EE AREER RESO OSES EES DEH wEE OEE REET ORES SEES UE Eee eee DECC e eee meee a rete eee eee eT NEAT E SR RENEE RD ERROR RRO R ENON R DEDEDE TERT HERE EE EEE R TEC A EEO EEAOTRAM ETTORE TERT SCOR SEDAN ERA A STE ESHEETS EEE REESE ORS eee e eee Cee eee eee eee eee ee eee Cee ee Seer eee eee eee ee Cee eee Seer eee eee eee errr cere eee Seer Seer eee eee eer re eer eee eee eee ere eee eee se) Cee ee erm emer eee e Dee eee eee mE Eee E EEO E HEE H OOH EE OEE SEE EHO R EEO HOSED DERE EOS O DELUDED STEHT TEESE E EH EEE REED H EEE DELO ESE END OES ROTH EEO SEED OES OREO ESHEETS OSES OES OEE SESS Deere eee eee e OEE O HERO REE DEERE EDO UEG OEE SEO SOOT SEEDERS EERE DESMO EOD SORES HEE OPEN OF ER HH ESSE EOE SHEE SEO ES EEEHETER EERE HES O SEES SHOES SESE E EER OEE TEED O TEESE EEE POR ee Oe OO Oe OES E OTTO ECHR EO REO DEH E DEERE ODE E EOE REET ESO HERES THEE E EER EEO DEE E EE OE SHER ET OF OER OET OH ESE SESE E EH OD SESE SHEER EERO ES OO TSO SETHE OE EEE OSES EEE THEE Oe EES E HEED ORCC OPE O ore er re H Eee Ree err eee Hee DESO DERE EERO EEG EEE HEE FOOTER ERE EE EEE REE DEORE D RTE H HER ODS CERO EES EEE SEES ODED E EHUD HOPED OEE OES SEES EEE ER EEE SETHE Ree EEE EEe

@ What games do you play? And what games do you not play?

Poe eee ee meee neem meee eee mR Ee OEE PORE PEER E EERE SEEM EERE SEDER REED EE RESO OREO RE REE ES EE EE EE SEEHEEEE SEES ORE ET EES OEE RARER EHOSEF OSE OOSER SEO Heese EMEA SEHHE DOSE Orr eneee Pee meee eee meee Bo CĐ 9 00 0000 000 0000-0000 0000600060006 60906 06009 0 0 hoớ 0 0 0 0 0 0000690600009 6000000000000 66600060 60609 60 s0 400 00002000009 44000 0 666 0 06 000-006-0406 62 20 000 64949 40000 0900204200 4 cà 9000200000609 06ee 166

NOTE: one negative word is enough (see page 1 14)

Nobody understands me (NOT Nebedy-deesmtunderstand-me- )

She never phones me (NOT She-deesr-t-rever-phone-me )

> For more information about negative structures, see pages 112-115

PRESENT TENSES 19

Trang 25

simple present: revision

l/you/we/they work he/she/it works

do |/you/we/they work? does he/she/it work?

Gl | '/you/we/they do not work _ he/she/it does not work _

B what does he does?

C what does he do?

D what does he to do?

@ Circle the correct answers

1 Where do / does your sister live? 6 The post office doesn’t open / operts on Sundays

My cat / My cats don’t like fish 7 When does your holiday start / start your holiday?

This car don’t / doesn’t go very fast 8 My parents both play / plays golf

This train stop / stops at every station 9 That café / Those cafés stays open all night

Why do English people / English people do 10 Her letters don’t say / to say very much

drink so much tea?

> Ann (live) in Birmingham & 102811228120 21x21010 200080808

> you (speak) Chinese § DO 06 S0 AC S2 ng n1 re

> Sarah (like) classical music §@ .S41ah dots Lele classical mast cu cu oi

1 J (like) getting up early Ñ _ LH HH no Họ HH hp

2 you (want) something to drink Ầ Úc nn* HT KH TK HH HT gi KH

Joe (play) football on Saturdays Ä Q-Q HH Hàn” nn nhà

you (remember) her phone number TT HH TH» TH KH HH KH He gà

08940282898) 0900 1:8 e

it (rain) much here in surmmer Ñ -QQQ Q0 Q00 n HH HH HH ng nh khung

10 we (need) a MEW Car By oo e -AđAAAÃAÔ.ÔỎỒỎ

—

Why computers are like women:

Nobody understands the language that they use when they talk to other computers

They never tell you what is wrong; and if you don’t know, you’re in trouble

} They remember your smallest mistakes for ever

Why computers are like men:

They know a lot of things but they are very stupid

After you get one for yourself, you soon see a better one

They like to go fast but they always crash

20 «PRESENT TENSES

Trang 26

present progressive’: forms

| am working you are working

| am not working you are not working

Contractions: I’m, you're, he’s etc (not) .ing; you aren't, he isn't etc .ing

What's he .ing?, Where's she .ing?, When's it .ing? etc

We make present progressive verbs with be (/ am, you are etc — see page 2) + .ing

John is studying Russian I’m not working today

We use contractions (/’m, john’s, isn’t etc) in conversation and informal writing

0 Make present progressive affirmative ({J) and negative (fH) sentences

> The lesson '8.Starting oo now (Start FA) 5 l1 a good book (read 3)

Pm Joan ts.not working today (Work BB) 6 It now (rain Bh)

L YOU « ss<s<5 too fast (talk BQ) 7 You to me (listen BB)

2 The cat - a bird (at) 8 1 very happy today (fee! R3)

3 Bill đinner now (cooklf) 9 Peter to school this week (go J)

` this party (en/oy Ñ› 10 Wc a bit of English (learn E3)

HOW TO MAKE -ING FORMS

e most verbs: + -ing ‘ work —> working sleep —> sleeping

e verbs ending in -e: (-K) + -ing =make-—> making hope — hoping

e -le changes to y + -ing lie —> lying

@ Write the -ing forms of these verbs

break breaking, clean come die enjOy

BO live make play Sing

DOUBLING (stopping, running, etc)

e one vowel + one consonant

—» double consonant + -ing

e two vowels: don’t double

e two consonants: don’t double

e Only double in STRESSED syllables

9 Write the -ing forms of these verbs

stop — stopping (NOT steping)

sleep —> sleeping want —> wanting (NOT wentting)

beGIN —» beginning BUT HAPpen —> happening

run —> running wait —> waiting (NOT -waitting)

help —> helping

get à feel put hit

jump rain TOb shop

shout Sit Q Qui, slim dream

stand talk turn

ANSWeT OPen Visit

forGET

* Also called ‘present continuous’

PRESENT TENSES 21

Trang 27

present progressive: use I’m (not) working today

We use the present progressive to say that things are (not) happening now or around now

I’m working just now It’s raining again Jane's taking driving lessons

(TT

I’m sorry, | can’t come out I’m working just now (Compare: ! work every day —- see page 15)

Look — it’s raining again (Compare: It rains every day here.)

Jane's taking driving lessons (Compare: A lot of people take lessons with that driving school.)

I'm not enjoying this party (Compare: | usually enjoy parties.)

@ Make present progressive sentences

» Ann / read / the newspaper .⁄A$.r€ALx2 the WEWSPAREK coi

Your coffee / get / COÌC TH TH To ng ki

[ / play / a lot of football this y€aI QL HH HH «HH HH tk ky

We / wait / for a phone caÌÌ - - - ST TY HH ng

Chris and Helen / spend / a week in FrAaICG - LH TH nh ng kt

l2) Look at the pictures and use the verbs in the box to say what Helen is doing

Trang 28

8 Make negative () present progressive sentences

> {/ not ask for / a lot of money 1M Wet ASKING for A Lot Of MONEY HH reo

1 He / not listen / tO í€ HH HH HT Họ in nhe

Ï / not WOITk / tOAV Q Q2 HH HH TH Tu 04 V4

Ít / mot rai ( TROW cu Quà TT nh nh Ty nọ uc tà gen

They / not learn / V€rY mụCH Q Q HH HH nà re

We / not enjoy / this film - - TH no nọ HT ng kh You / not eat / much these nh e

ND

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: clothes

Use the words in the box to say what the people are (not) wearing Use a dictionary if

necessary

belt blouse boots cardigan coat dress glasses hat jacket

Pee ee ee mem ee POORER EEE eRe meee ere EDDC E EHS E ROH e eR HD DEED DEES EOE EES HES 60000000 0 0000066 0 06 Giêng 2 000 0 42000 0 6644000 binh HÔn OED EEO OE Oa EERE SORE OEE HEE EERE REACT HEH HOH eet aeees

HO SÁU HH lạ mo HC 95 00100 00090000 6 006 000 meee Rt OHH SSE E EERE DRO EES FOOSE ROHR E EOE E Dee MOO O EEE EH SO DERMAL EH EEO DEES E HEROES HES ETHODS REED EEE ORE RHO TOE EESOEEHODE OEE HEP OD EME OE HE ROOD

49226 G0329 0006699022000 R EOE Dee ree EDOM DEORE EDEN HOH ME SEE DO OEHO HES EE DOR ESO O EONS OER ECO E RE HEH EEE EEEEE DER EROS HRENT EERO DER OER HEE OHA EOE HOE HH EEE mae ETP HOHE He anteee rere eee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee es ee Ceee CeCe Cer SOV ereee eevee reve cere rere cere er errr sy

NOTE: We do not use a present tense to say how long something has lasted (see page 61)

I've been waiting since 9.00 (NOT 4m-weiting-sinee-9-00 )

> We often use the present progressive to talk about the future See page 34

PRESENT TENSES 23

Trang 29

present progressive questions Is it raining?

am | working? are you working? — is he/she/it working? are we/they working?

We make present progressive questions with am/are/is + subject + .ing

STATEMENT fg: kh raining Hou ore working The children are making something

QUESTION J: — fs it raining? Are you working? What are the children making?

@ Make questions

> everybody / listen / to me ? !š.£V£r1b2dd Liste 4 L0, MP re

1 you / wait / fÍOr somebody - Sn nHọ n g vn

@ Complete the questions

> ‘Those people aren’t speaking English.’ ‘What language .2%6.t4E14 SPEAR? esses

1 ‘Bill’s writing something on the wall.’ ‘I can’t see - what 00.0 Q Go g,

2 ‘The train’s Stopping!’ “Why HH HH ’

3 ‘They’re eating now.' “WhatL HH He ng hen ,

4 “They re playing a game.' “What game - HH nh nh nh re ,

5 ‘I’m going now Goodbye.” “Wait! Where cc LH HH nen nế ’

Be careful when questions have long subjects — the word order does not change

Are Ann and her mother working today?

Are Ann and her mother and father and the others working today?

(NOT Are h Dy and fotheroand thea ath

> the President and his wife / are / staying / where / ?

winere are the Prescdent and Its Witt Stata? a vccsecssssssseesssesssecssecsseessesssesssseessesseessvecsses

> those people over there / French / are / speaking / ?

1P PC 9990095%0060020086009900920000020000900906000000960 0096000900400 0600069000090 06000 0004002090400 646 0200064 004006600 0026 6 0000404400069 0 000 0 0 600044 0 00 2020460402000 060009 ss?øø09046

ÁÔ ĐO HO ĐÓ DĐ Đ 000600 0 0 0 6000 000-9020 0 0 0000.6002080 90000 60 0 0200 60 6960 00029000000 0 0006000000060 0050009 0026 0 6060 0 000 002 00200 0 0 4 0 0 6 4 6642 006000 b0 ta Gớ 0 06906606004004640604000066249490 0090600000 sdd sms nga snemde

+ For more information about questions, see pages 106-111

24 PRESENT TENSES

Trang 30

present progressive: revision

BEG

| am working you are working he/she/it/Is working we/they are working

am | working? are you working? is/he/she/it working? are we/they working?

| am not working you are not working he/she/it/Ìs not working etc

—

Contractions: /’m, you’re, he’s etc (not) .ing; you aren't, he isn’t etc .ing

What's he .ing? Where's she .ing? When S it .ing? etc

Put the words in the correct order

> me you talking are to ? AYE Ou (8LSLA E0 Q.11 1221112 1kg

II (ái giai e

you what drinking are ? - ác HH HH TH ng 0002011 0 kg NOt YOU are LiSteMiNg’ | ee

l4 c0

[ ñIm enjoying not thi5 am . cọ HH HH TT ket

looking all those people at are wÌhat ? HH HH ng gu HH KH ấn

am for you Ï cooking this nOf -. cọ HH TH TT vn ke

@ Make present progressive sentences

> 1 / look for / the station ER L4+.LoobA oxy ĐÁ SEO con neeg

1 Peter / try / to save money §] SH nen

why / those children / cry Ä LH HH HH kh re all your friends / play football / this afternoon {RÄ - HH HH Hệ, she / look / very well today 1 - Q - HH HH ket

I think she / make / a big mistake (J cece ceeenceeeeseneeseneeteeetessnaeeeesensenee you / wear / your uSual glasses .-. Q.22 nhe

I / hope / to get a mew job B® oo eee ceeceeeeceeecenseeeececeeseeneeeeeeeneesatenes

the 10.15 train from London to Edinburgh / run / today l -ẶẶỈneerre

Pee ree ee re meme re eee eee eee eee eRe ee Dee ERODED TOE ETOH EE HEE HOES EO EEE EEE EOE EEE EEE SEEDER OE HEE H EEE H HARTER ERER TEESE TAME eH EERO EEE E dere Ere LEC D ES Ee EE seen eoneL

€ complete the text with verbs from the boxes

1-S: come Y_ look not wear snow walk wear

And Mrs Alexander t t§.602^U22 down the steps of the plane now It is very cold and it

heavily, but she 2 very happy She 3 a dark blue dress with a black coat and boots, but she 3 a hat She really is a very beautiful

woman Her husband s down the steps with her

Now Mrs Alexander and her husband s at the crowd and smiling The photographers

to get nearer, but the police are a them What a day! At last, after twenty years, this wonderful woman s9 to her own country Now the President TÔ Q22 <y her hand What It he to her, do you think?

PRESENT TENSES 25

Trang 31

the two present tenses: the difference

SIMPLE PRESENT: ! work etc PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: I’m working etc

e things that are always true e things that are happening now

e things that happen alt the time, e things that are happening around now

repeatedly, often, sometimes, never, etc

The sun rises in the east The sun is not shining today

She often wears red She’s wearing a blue dress

| play tennis I'm playing a lot of tennis these days

0 Put the expressions in the correct places

every day“ just now nearly always now “on Fridays these days

this afternoon today very often when I’m tired

SIMPLE PRESENT: / work etc PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: I’m working etc

CE (Ảnh rau 22A 9092009060642 0 0020969 s 010 0 06 hớna ge 016

RMR e Meme w mem at eew eee ewe ete en eens RHEE TEER RD eH Ee meen EEE meee EEE EEE Eee «= ve REESE EHS E EEE DEERE EE HEED DE eH SERED Pee cere eee eee eee eee eee ey

Dome e re reerereree rset teersaeen sees ng ate m eet c renee se seeeesseneerence

@ Use the verbs in the box to complete the sentences

chase “chase drive eat fly play

Trang 32

8 Verb forms and use: complete the sentences with the correct verb forms

D P0.06.S04pR#Ÿ” ào ‘No, never.’ (you / smoke)

Dm ‘What AY YO Catling? scence “A cheese sandwich.’ (you / eat)

1 “Whete .-ẶẶ Sàn hhhHheHhe these days?’ ‘In a garage.’ (she / work)

3 “Bonjour.' “SOTry, Ï chen French.' (not speak)

4 “Your English - chi better.’ ‘Oh, thank you.’ (get)

` golf?’ ‘Yes, but not very well.’ (you / play)

6 “WhO - cQ HH HH HH Ý v.v to?’ ‘My boyfriend.’ (you / write)

7 ‘Where's Susan?’ “ cuc th HH kh vn now.’ (she / come)

B Well, ZOOdNIgNE 0.0.0 cece cee eeeeeetneeeecensesseneeeees to bed (J / go)

“ẤÁ‹%::iẳẳaii.ÃẼẦƠÝỒẮỀẢ at 100°C (boil)

Mà ?’ ‘Not yet.’ (that water / boil)

@ crammar AND VOCABULARY: things to read

Look at the pictures and numbers, and write sentences with often and now

Use a dictionary if necessary

Ẳ C9 sơ co G0 02511 Ÿ066 0t 6n te $9 Fe te c s1 66396909000 Q/ee9 0606150062552 "°525sspoeossseòsosese°

Trang 33

non-progressive verbs J/ don’t understand

Some verbs are normally used in simple tenses, not progressive, even if we mean ‘just now’

| like this weather (NOT Hartidne-thisweather.) What does he want? (NOT -What is-he-wanting?)

THE MOST IMPORTANT NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS

hate, know, like, love, mean, need, prefer, seem, understand, want

| hate this music ‘We're late.’ ‘I know.’ | love that colour Do you understand?

What does this mean? ! need some help ‘Tea?’ ‘I prefer juice.’ Ann seems unhappy

@ Complete the sentences with verbs from the box

want⁄ like need not understand prefer seem

> What 20¢s Paul Want for his birthday?

1 “Przepraszaml “SOrfy, Í nen ke ,

2 “Would you like some coffee?” “l cv ve tea, if that’s OK.’

3 ‘What do you think of this muSiC?” “Ï .c se it.’

4 THIS fOOm -Ặ S5 very cold Is the heating on?

S I’m going to the shops W€ anything?

>» Ann / seem / unhappy today §f .A4#.S46MS “RMAPPY LOdA i ceeteeeeee

1 what / this word / mean TT tt v6 xxx tà nh kg Ty

2 Rob / want / to see the doctor . TQ Q0 n HH HH HH nh hy,

3 1 think / she / love / me Ê - - LG TQ Q22 nH HH HH ng crg

4 Peter / seem / tired EÄ - -.Q- TQ TH, nnn HH ng kg kh,

3 we / need / a new cari Q0 nHne He

6 you / know / that man .- LH HH kg

7 I/ hate / cold weather [j -Q TL QQ TQ ng x2

OTHER COMMON NON-PROCRESSIVE VERBS

agree, believe, depend, matter, mind, recognise, remember

‘This is a terrible film.’ ‘I don’t agree.’ ‘Sorry I'm late.’ ‘It doesn’t matter.’

I recognise her, but | don’t remember her name ‘Can | borrow the car?’ ‘It depends Until when?’

‘There's no more orange juice.’ ‘| don’t mind I'll have water.’

_

[ agree “believe matter mind recognise remember

> Ann thinks you're right, but the boss A0¢S/t AONE cu

1 ‘I’m sorry - I’ve broken a glass.’ It oo ceececeeeesesncaneeeeteseereeetenes ’

2 _“What5 Bill's phone number?” “Ï - cv ve, ’

3 Perhaps I’ve seen her before, Dut ] oo Ặ SH HT kg her

4 Peter says he”s a student, but Ì con» HH nh kh kh him

S “Supper will be very late.” “Ì - cong Hà, - I’m not hungry now.’

28 PRESENT TENSES

Trang 34

Think, see, look and feel can be progressive with one meaning but not with another

NON-PROGRESSIVE (/ think etc) CAN BE PROGRESSIVE (/'m thinking etc)

think (that .) = ‘have an opinion’ think (about .) = ‘plan, look at ideas’

I think you’re wrong I’m thinking about the holidays

see = ‘understand’ see = ‘meet’

1 see what you mean I’m seeing the doctor today

look like = ‘seem like’ look = ‘turn eyes towards’

That looks like our train What are you looking at?

feel = ‘have an opinion’ feel ilf/tired etc (can be progressive or simple)

i feel you're making o mistake I’m feeling ill OR | feel ill

0 Put in the correct verb forms

Ì WG., Quoc c the bank manager this afternoon (see)

PA — VOUT€ C[AZV.” “Ï -S- ” (think; see)

3 “What HH he about?’ ‘Life.’ (you / think)

:./) ` at me? (that woman / look)

3 She eeeẰ your sister (look like)

-¬“ — that she doesn’t like me (feel)

9 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: some useful answers with non-progressive verbs

Make sure you know all the expressions in the box Use a dictionary if necessary

Then circle the best answers

J hope so ] hope not I don’t remember I] don’t understand

It doesn't matter I think so I don’t think so ! know

] don’t know I] see ] don’t mind It depends

‘Is Ann enjoying her holiday?“ỚI hope so ‘I don’t mind.’

‘Agresti, min ruggide flochsch?’ ‘I don’t think so.’ / ‘I don’t understand.’

‘We're not happy with your work.’ ‘I hope so.’ / ‘I see.’

‘Is Joe coming to dinner?’ ‘I see.’ / ‘I hope not.’

‘Do you like this music?’ ‘T think so.’ / ‘I don’t remember.’

‘Is that Mary getting into the taxi?’ ‘J know.’ / ‘I don’t think so.’

‘Who wrote ‘War and Peace’?’ ‘It depends.’ / ‘I don‘t know.’

‘It’s Tuesday’ ‘I think so.’ / ‘I know.’

‘Can you lend me some money?’ ‘It depends.’ / ‘It doesn’t matter.’

‘We're too early.’ ‘I don’t know.’ / ‘It doesn’t matter.’

‘What’s Phil’s address? ‘I don’t remember.’ / ‘It depends.’

11 ‘Sorry, this coffee isn’t very good.’ ‘I don’t mind.’ / ‘I hope so.’

ANAWNm

0 Write personal answers

eee me Pee eee erate mee ee eee OREO Điền AC 002090904009054000009 6526 e0 0222 nhhôn ha e6

1 Is your English getting better? 000.000 - ch như,

2 Will you be rich and famous one ay? HH nen ky

3 What were you doing at 8.00 in the morning on February 16th last year?

Trang 35

test yourself present tenses

@ Write the simple present he/she/it forms

go 99¢s live pASS play stand teach try wash

Q Write the -ing forms

call calling fy hold make play SÍt stOp

this clock (work Bj) This clocK, 06S.VN Q.2

L you (drive EÄ) to school QQ SH kh re

Granny (drink ƒÑ) cofíee LG nnenHHH như

Alex (want EÄ) to be a OCtOF QQQQQQ HQ HH HH HH nh vn

The fast train (stop EÑ) at thi statiOn con.» ng Tnhh He rưy you (speak English JJ) to your Children Hs ng TH ng ng 100 1 ng key

cook not listen sell snow not work /

> ‘Why aren’t you at the offce? '1⁄.xot, WVôrK2 today.’

1 I’m sorry - John can’t come to the phone for the moment He cee ceeeceeeeeeteteeeeeee lunch

2 ‘It’s raining.’ ‘No, it'S nOt Ít c cu se vi ’

3 YOU Ă Sexy to me

4 There's a man at the door HE 20.0 eee eee ee eee vegetables

Q Circle the correct answers

> ‘Your English gets /Gs getting)better.’ ‘Oh, thank you.’

1 ‘Where’s Susan?’ ‘She comes / She’s coming now.’

2 ‘Do you smoke?’ / ‘Are you smoking?’ ‘No, never.’

3 John cooks dinner now / every Sunday

4 I’m reading a lot of magazines these days / when I go on holiday

5 I work late all this week / most Tuesdays

0 Make questions

1 why / all those people / look at me / ? - HH HH HT TH HT 04 1c

2 the 7.15 train to London / rụn / on SatUTAVS / ? LH TH ng KT 0 và

3 where / you and Amn / have lunch / tOaV / ? TQ HH HH HS HH ng TT TH ST kệt

4 that man in the dark coat at the bus-stop / work / in your office / ? HH nen

Pee eee em Hee eH rma ERR E REE SEEDED ES ROE EEE EH HOHE RE EEE SHED HHO E RECO RR ODES HEROES HOLE EOE HERE HOHE M OH EA EET T THEE EEE RHE REA OOE EMH ES OOH M EHH E Ree net eee eH Eee Hane eee®

@ Correct (⁄) or not (x)?

1 You’re driving too fast 4 Where are you living now?

2 What is this word meaning? 5 I’m thinking you're wrong

3 I'm not wanting a drink just now 6 Sorry, I’m not understanding

30 PRESENT TENSES

Trang 36

SECTION 3 talking about the future

@ grammar summary

There are three common ways to talk about the future in English:

e with the going fo structure

I'm really going to stop smoking

e with the present progressive

I'm seeing fohn this evening

e with will

Ann will be in the office from 10.00 till 2.00

We use going to or the present progressive especially when the future has some present reality: for

example to talk about plans that we have already made

In some cases we can use the simple present to talk about the future

Her train arrives at 15.37 I'll phone you when | get home (See page 221.)

0 Correct (⁄) or not (x)?

> You eat with us this evening? ~ 6 I’m working in London next week

1 ‘There’s somebody at the door.’ ‘I go.’ 7 The concert starts at 8.00 this evening

2 Will Ann and Johnny be here tomorrow? 8 Mary’s going to have a baby

3 1 promise I write again soon 9 Do you play tennis with Peter this weekend?

4 Look at those clouds - it will snow 10 Do you think it’s raining tomorrow?

5 The car won’t statt 11 I think it won’t rain

‘It’s going to be wet again today.’

TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE 31

Trang 37

going to Look — it’s going to rain

| fam going to drive you are going to drive he/she ts going to drive etc

am | going to drive? are you going to drive? Is he/she going to drive? etc

fam not going to drive you are not going to drive etc

BAG

We often use going to when we can see the future in the present — when a future situation is starting,

or clearly on the way

Gis Look - it’s going to rain Rebecca’s going to have a baby next month

@ Look at the pictures What is going to happen? Use the words in the box

1 The WOTHAN QC nu HH nh ky nu nhu nu nu vu crg crash

drink coffee have breakfast

play the piano post a letter /

read a letter

We often use going to to talk about intentions - things that people have decided (not) to do This

structure is common in conversation

i'm going to take a holiday next week Peter's not going to study chemistry

What are you going to wear this evening? Lucy fs going to go to France next year

Q Make questions with going to

> when / your brothers / be here When are ypur brpthers going to Be Mere? ees

\ Amn ( change her school ch 1kg

2 where / you / put that piCVUTE eenenshtrrtrrrdrrdrdrrrrdrdrrrrrrrrrrde

3 what / you / buy for Bill's Dirthday .ìàìeeeeenerrerrerrrrerrrrrrrrrereereie

4 Eric / phay football / tOrtOFTOW .àcceehhhhrehirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrdrrrerrrrrrrreie

5_ when / you / stop smoking cà ehhehrrrrdrrrrrrrrrsrrrrrrrrdirrdrre

6 Alice / go tO univVerSỈtY - sec hhhhhhhhdHrrrtrrrrrrrrrrdrrrriermdre

32 TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE

Trang 38

6 Ann is talking about her holiday next week Look at the pictures and complete the

sentences

do any work drive toltaly“” fly” learn some Italian read English newspapers

stay in a nice hotel swim a lot take photos visit museums write postcards

@ crammar AND VOCABULARY: two-word verbs

Make sure you know the verbs in the box Use a dictionary if necessary Then look at the

pictures and complete the sentences

1 R cc ccccccceeseeee switch on the radio

Â Q.2 nen xu plug in the iron

Ô cu HH Hà HH hưu unplug the

cọ kh TK cv the hair-dryer

% For more about two-word verbs (‘phrasal verbs’), see pages 138-139

NOTE: in Informal speech (and songs), we often say gonna for going to

Trang 39

present progressive What are you doing this evening?

| am working you are working he/she/it is working we/they are working

2 | am ! working? are you working? Is he/she/it working? are we/they working?

Gi | / am not working you are not working he/she/it is not working

For contractions (/‘m, aren't, etc), see pages 2 and 277

We can use the present progressive with a future meaning, especially when we talk about plans for

a fixed time and/or place

‘What are you doing this evening?’ ‘I’m staying in.’ Where are you going on holiday?

Joe's coming round this evening I'm starting a new job next week

0 Look at Bill's diary and correct the sentences

No, he's coming back to England ow Friday wight — e

2 He’s going to the Birmingham office by car Lue meh stewart 1.00 }

3 He’s having dinner with Stewart on Tuesday tho ith ann Bnd Joe

eves ————_

4 He’s going to the theatre on Thursday evening nay ván ry starti

xa nhe nhiên nhhhtttrttrerrtrrirltrrttrntrdrirri

5 His new secretary is starting on Friday to Be lin LH 014 2.00;

— back LH 135 16.40

6 Phil and Monica are going to his wedding on Saturday Saturday —

sasescuscueaeuecscsecuensucaeeveasneseeaesesuessenececsessesesienieassesaesecasenearenensens Phil and Monica's wedding

Q A friend of yours is going on holiday soon Write questions

m when /leave Whew are you leaving? 3 How / travel

P take /sister Are you taRing your sister? 4 take/dog ìì.ì ì

1 where / StAY HQ » Who / go with YOU _

2 how long / stay _ 6 when / come back

€} crammar AND VOCABULARY: five professions

(Use a dictionary if necessary.) Jane is seeing five people next week, one each day: her

bank manager, her solicitor, her accountant, her dentist and her doctor Who is she

seeing when? Fill in the table and complete the sentences

She’s seeing her bank manager before her doctor She’s seeing her doctor on Tuesday She’s seeing her dentist two days after her bank manager She’s seeing her accountant two days after her doctor

1 She's seeing che on Monday Monday

Trang 40

the will-future: forms I will work They won’t come

t/you/he/she/it/we/they will work

will {/you/he etc work?

I/you/he etc will not work

b here George be will 420r2£,WLLL Oe Mere lc cccecscesescsteescseseeeeseesen tomorrow

b> drive station to you the I’M ULL Arive you to the Staton oc eccscseseeeesesseseeaes now

1 begin class Wi the .-L co HH HH hàn at 9.30

2 be they”ll home _ LH HH n HH HH ng nhe soon

3 examination will the difficult be 1 thimk 0.0 eeseseecesnersceeceeeeereseseessseneaesesereeereesseeenes

4 walk we'll party the tO_ Ăn KH Hàn HH KT

5 her mot speak WwilÏ Ï tO LH HH ng Ho tk nhe

@ Make negatives (BJ) and questions (@)

DT wow't frmisn a, this work today.’ ‘When will you finish it?’ (finish)

Pm John wow't be here tomorrow.’ “Will ne be here on Tuesday?’ (be)

3 “YOoU e- any pens in there.' “Where .- one?’ (find)

4 “The children to school in Ely.' “Where ?’ (go)

5 “Bob vce«exe much money if he sells that car.' “How much «+25 ? (set)

Be careful when questions have long subjects — the word order does not change

What time will the bus leave? (NOT Whattime-wilHeave-the-bus? )

What time will the bus for the dinner and dance leave? (NOT Whettime-the-bus—wilHeeve? )

| 6 Make questions with will

1 what time / tomorrow eveningS COnCeFt / StATE? ĂQQQ SH.“ HT KH TH nà

2 when / you and the family / get back from PaTiS? LG HH HH Họ nu

4 you and your mother / be / here †OIOTTOW HH HH HH gi ng ng Tà

6 the children / have enough money / for the jOUTT€Y? An ng nh key

7 how soon / you know / the aSW€F? nh HH HH T0 6 1 re

NOTE: After / and we, some people say shall instead of will The meaning is the same; will is more common in

modern English

Contractions: / shall — I'll we shall — we'll etc shdll not —> shon?t

> For shalt in offers, see page 86

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