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Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định có đầy đủ các đại từ quan hệ như mệnh đề hạn định ngoại trừ that không được dùng.. Peter, whom you met yesterday, works in marketing.[r]
(1)LOP 11 – TUAN 5 Unit 10 (cont)
RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) I INTRODUCTION
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ (còn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ) mệnh đề phụ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng sau danh từ mà bổ nghĩa Nó miêu tả, làm rõ, thêm thông tin danh từ
3 Mệnh đề quan hệ thường bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ (relative clauses) who,
whom, which, whose, that trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) when,
where, why
4 Mệnh đề quan hệ gồm mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định (defining relative clause) mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (non-defining relative clause)
II DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ HẠN ĐỊNH) Chức
năng Người Vật
Chủ từ
N + who/that + V
The man teaches you is Mr Lam.
N + which/that + V
There are some words are very difficult to translate.
Túc từ của động
từ
N + whom/that/ + S + V
The man _ you met is a teacher.
N + which/that/ + S + V
The book she is reading is about an adventure.
Túc từ của giới từ
N + whom/that/ + S + V + giới từ
She is the woman
I told you about.
N + which/that/ + S + V + giới từ
The music we listened to was good.
N + giới từ + whom + S + V
She is the woman about I told you.
N + giới từ + which + S + V
The music to we listened was good.
Sở hữu
N + whose + N + V
I know the man
bicycle was stolen.
N + whose + N + V
They built a house walls were made of glass.
Nơi
chốn N (nơi chốn) + where + S + VN (nơi chốn) + prep(nơi chốn) + which +
S + V
(2)The hotel they were staying were expensive.
Thời gian
N (thời gian) + when + S + V
N (thời gian) + prep(thời gian) + which + S + V
The day they arrived was on 16th September.
The day they arrived was on 16th September
Lý do The reason + why + S + VThe reason he refused
the job was unknown
Lưu ý:that nên đươc sử dụng trường hợp sau đây:
1 N(người & vật) + that
I met the people, cattle and vehicles _ went to market. N(so sánh nhất) + that
This is the most beautiful dress _ I have ever had. N(có first, last, only) + that
Hoa was the only student _ didn’t pass the exam.
4 N(đại từ bất định all/any/none/nothing/everything/nobody…) + that I love everything that makes for me.
5 Cleft sentence (câu chẻ): It + be + … + that + … (Chính ) It is my friend you say at the park.
Lưu ý: It + be + N(người) + that/who + V
It is my friend / _ wrote this sentence.
III NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHƠNG HẠN ĐỊNH)
Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng hạn định mệnh đề đươc ngăn cách với danh từ mệnh đề bổ nghĩa dấu phẩy (,) Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng hạn định có đầy đủ đại từ quan hệ mệnh đề hạn định ngoại trừ that không dùng
Peter, whom you met yesterday, works in marketing. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định nên sử dụng: Sau N (danh từ riêng)
Peter, you met yesterday, works in marketing. Sau N (có chứa adj sở hữu: my, our, his…)
My father, is a teacher, worked for NCT High School. Sau N (có chứa this/that/these/those)
That man, lives in the next flat, looks very lonely. N, a few/a little/a
number/all/both/each/either/half/many/most/much/neither/none/ one/several/some/two + of + whom/which/whose + …
(3)5 Trong trường hợp which bổ nghĩa cho mệnh đề trước
Tom was late That surprised me → Tom was late, surprised me
IV DẠNG RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1 N + who/which/that + V(chủ động) The man who teaches you is Mr Lam.
N + Ving The man you is Mr Lam N + who/which/that + V(bị động) The ideas which are presented in
that book are good.
N + V3/ed The ideas in that
book are good.
N + whom/which/that + S + V The music which we listened to was good.
N + V3/ed The music to was
good.
3 N(SS nhất, first/last/only) + that + V(chủ động) Hoa was the only student that passed the exam.
N(SS nhất, first/last/only) + to V Hoa was the exam.
4 N(SS nhất, first/last/only) + that + V(bị động)/S + V This is the first car that was made this year.
N(SS nhất, first/last/only) + to be V3/ed This is _
this year.
5 N, + who/which/that + be + N, Hanoi, which is the capital, is my homeland.
N, + N, Hanoi, _, is my homeland.
6 N + who/which/that + can/could/must/have to + V There are the exercises that have to be finished early.
N + to V There are the exercises _ early.
7 N + who/which/that + S + can/could/must/have to + V I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
N + (for O) + to V I wish we had a garden in.
Task Choose the best answer
1 My sister, _ you are talking about, has been to Paris several time
A who B whom C that D whose
2 John was the only student _ didn’t pass the examination
A whom B which C when D that
3 I don’t like the film _ we saw last week
(4)4 My sister, _ you met yesterday, wants to speak to you
A which B when C whom D where
5 Her father, _ has been to Paris, has just returned
A why B which C who D whose
6 The hat _ Tom is wearing is very expensive
A whose B who C whom D which
7 I met the people, cattle and vehicles _ went to market
A who B which C that D whom
8 She is the woman _ sits next to me in class
A why B who C which D whom
9 I enjoyed talking with the man _ I sat next to on the plane
whose B whom C which D what
10 The people _ I invited to the meeting used to live in Mexico
A whose B which C where D whom
11 Mr Green is the man _ I was talking about
A whose B which C when D who
12 A deaf person is the one _ is not able to hear
A who B whose C which D whom
13 The woman _ I called last night gave me some information
A who B whose C which D whom
14 The movie _ we saw last night was terrific
A who B whose C which D whom
15 This film was made by Steven Spielberg, _ has won several Oscar Prizes
A who B whose C which D whom
16 The boy _ sang the song “Happy New Year” last night is a good student
A who B whose C which D whom
17 She bought me this new pair of shoes, _ didn’t fit me well
A who B whose C which D whom
18 Mrs May, _ husband teaches mathematics in this school, is also a teacher of English
A who B whose C which D whom
19 I will see you near the post office _ the other day
A which met B which we met C where met D where we met
20 What is the name of the man _ you the money
A he lent B lent C that lending D who lent 21 The bed _ had no mattress
A I slept on B which I slept C I slept on it D on that I slept
22 The car crashed into a queue of people, _ were killed
(5)23 The woman prayed aloud all night _
A that kept us awake B , which kept us awake C they kept us awake D which they kept us awake 24 Do you remember the woman _ used to work in the bookshop?
A who B that C whom D A&B are
correct
25 My brother Jim, _ lives in Houston, is a doctor
A that B whom C who D which
26 Ann quit her job at the advertising company, _ surprised everyone
A that B which C who D that is
27 The boy _ eyes are brown is my friend
A who B whose C which D whom
28 This is the third in a sequence of three books, the first of _ I really enjoyed
A that B who C whom D which
29 Do you know the reason _ she quit job?
A when B which C that D why
30 I took the damaged watch to my watch maker _ knows how to repair all sorts of things
A which B where C whose D who
31 That's the man _ house we have rented
A who B that C whose D whom
32 My friend, _ I visited last week, is talking a holiday soon
A whose B that C which D whom
33 The city museum is exhibiting some pictures _ belonged to the last Emperor
A whose B who C which D when
34 It’s the best film _ I’ve seen in years
A which B that C in which D A&B are
correct
35 Yesterday I met your brother, _ had taken us to the Headquarters of the UN in New York before
A who B whose C whom D that
36 Dorothy said something _ I couldn’t hear clearly
A that B which C where D when
37 Do you remember the day _ we moved the piano upstairs?
A when B on which C at which D A& Bare correct
38 The city _ we spent our vacation was beautiful
A what B why C where D which
39 Children _ diets contain high levels of protein better in examination
(6)40 She cycled from London to Glasgow, _ is good for a woman of 75
A that B what C which D where
41 English, _ is my favorite language, is spoken all over the world
A where B which C that D in which
42 He sent us five compositions, _ are well-organized
A two of them B two of which C two of whom D two of that 43 Norman won $ 20,000, half of _ he gave his parents
A which B who C whom D what
44 The man _ lives next door is an English teacher
A whose B which C whom D who
45 Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, _, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.
A awarded the Nobel Prize B which awarded the Nobel Prize C that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for D for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
46 Can you name some countries in _ English is spoken as the first language?
A whose B where C that D which
47 The English book _ was a little expensive
A that I bought it B I bought that C that I bought D what I bought
48 My friend, _, is very hopeful about her future
A whose father is a millionaire B of a millionaire’s daughter C is a millionaire whose father D father whose is a millionaire 49 I want to tell you about the party _
A where I went yesterday B that I went yesterday C which I went yesterday D to which I went yesterday 50 Mai didn’t come to class yesterday This surprised all of us
A Mai who didn’t come to class yesterday surprised all of us
B Which surprised all of us that Mai didn’t come to class yesterday C Mai didn’t come to class yesterday, which surprised all of us D Mai didn’t come to class yesterday that surprised all of us
Task Combine the sentences, using Relative Clause Decide whether Relative
Clause needs commas
1 The bed was too soft I slept in the bed
Monterrey is in Mexico Monterrey is Mary’s hometown
The company has many workers I work for the company
(7)4 The program will be on at 8:30 It’s about wildlife
“Hamlet” is a play It was written by Shakespeare
“The Old Man and The Sea” is worth reading It was written by Hemingway
The cow has disappointed us this year It gave so much milk last year
The stories are usually funny Tom tells them the stories
The window has now been repaired It was broken
10 They didn’t find the money You said you had left it
11 The fish was really delicious We had it for dinner
12 The house was too expensive We wanted to buy it
13 I didn’t get the job I applied for the job
14 I like the dress She was wearing it
15 The artist is my friend You like his paintings
Task Reduce Relative clause, using Ving, V3/ed or To V
1 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
The children who attend that school receive a good education
The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
(8)5 They live in a house that was built in 1980
We have an apartment which overlooks the park
Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flew into space
Westwood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building
I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals