Do tiếng Anh là môn học bắt buộc nên nhiều học sinh có thái độ học “đối phó”: sử dụng những đáp án có sẵn từ sách giải hay từ vở mượn của các lớp học trước; trong giờ học thường không ch[r]
(1)Mục lục
Mục lục ……… MỞ ĐẦU ……… Lý chọn chuyên đề ……… Mục đích nghiên cứu ……… Khách thể đối tượng nghiên cứu ……… Giả thuyết khoa học ……… Các nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu ……… Phương pháp nghiên cứu ……… Phạm vi kế hoạch nghiên cứu ……… NỘI DUNG ……… Chương Cơ sở lý luận chuyên đề nghiên cứu ……… … Cơ sở lý luận ……… 1.1 Kĩ học tập ngoại ngữ ……… 1.2 Các loại lỗi phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh thường gặp ……… Chương Nguyên nhân giải pháp khắc phục lỗi phổ biến viết câu thường gặp
1 Nguyên nhân ……… 1.1 Động học tập học sinh
1.2 Thái độ học tập 1.3 Chiến lược học tập
2 Giải pháp ……… 2.1 Xác định rõ lỗi sai viết câu cách khắc phục………… ………… 2.2 Tăng cường tập luyện tập sửa lỗi sai tích hợp vào buổi dạy bồi dưỡng, chuyên đề kĩ viết tiếng Anh……… KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ ……… Tài liệu tham khảo ………
(2)MỞ ĐẦU 1 Lý chọn chuyên đề.
Xu hội nhập toàn cầu việc nhập Tổ chức Thương mại Thế giới (WTO) lan tỏa vào ngành, nghề Việt Nam, tác động đến người xã hội Để hội nhập đứng vững đơi chân mình, hiểu rằng, ngoại ngữ mà bao gồm tiếng Anh ngày trở thành công cụ thiếu hoạt động giao tiếp, công việc, ngoại giao Chỉ giỏi tiếng Anh, sử dụng tốt cơng cụ giao tiếp này, thành cơng việc Để đảm bảo chất lượng nguồn nhân lực cho hội nhập việc dạy học tiếng Anh trở nên quan trọng "Những ai, cộng đồng nào, quốc gia muốn phát triển nhanh, muốn mở rộng quan hệ quốc tế, muốn mở của, muốn tiếp nhận thành tựu mặt nhân loại, khơng biết tiếng Anh, khơng thể khơng có chiến lược học ngôn ngữ cách cẩn trọng … Nhiều quốc gia coi tiếng Anh thứ tiếng quan trọng sau tiếng mẹ đẻ đưa vào giảng dạy khóa từ giáo dục tiểu học Singapore lấy tiếng Anh ngôn ngữ quốc gia mình" (GS.TSKH Vũ Ngọc Hải – Viện Chiến lược Chương trình giáo dục) Nhận thức điều đó, Việt Nam đưa chương trình tiếng Anh vào giảng dạy tất cấp học, bậc học, từ giáo dục phổ thông đến đại học, sau đại học Cuối năm 2008 Thủ tướng phủ phê duyệt đề án ngoại ngữ Quốc gia 2020 với mục tiêu đến năm 2020, đa số niên Việt Nam tốt nghiệp trung cấp, cao đẳng đại học có đủ lực ngoại ngữ sử dụng độc lập, tự tin giao tiếp, học tập làm việc môi trường hội nhập, đa ngơn ngữ, đa văn hóa Biến ngoại ngữ trở thành mạnh người Việt Nam, phục vụ nghiệp cơng nghiệp hóa, đại hóa đất nước
(3)giáo viên thấy cần thiết phải có nghiên cứu sâu lỗi viết câu thường gặp học sinh THCS, nhằm tìm nguyên nhân đề giải pháp giúp việc dạy học viết tiếng Anh hiệu
Xuất phát từ lý chọn đề tài "CÁCH KHẮC PHỤC CÁC LỖI SAI PHỔ BIẾN KHI VIẾT CÂU TIẾNG ANH" với hi vọng giúp em học sinh biết cách viết câu tiếng Anh hiệu
2 Mục đích nghiên cứu.
Đề xuất giải pháp khắc phục lỗi sai phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh học sinh trường THCS nhằm nâng cao hiệu trình dạy học viết tiếng Anh 3 Khách thể đối tượng nghiên cứu.
3.1 Khách thể nghiên cứu
Q trình dạy học mơn tiếng Anh trường THCS Yên Lạc 3.2 Đối tượng nghiên cứu
Giải pháp khắc phục lỗi phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh cho học sinh THCS 4 Giả thuyết khoa học.
Hiện nay, kỹ viết tiếng Anh học sinh THCS hạn chế em chưa có phương pháp cụ thể, hữu hiệu để rèn luyện Nếu xây dựng vận dụng hệ thống biện pháp rèn luyện kỹ viết biết cách vận dụng vào việc giảng dạy khóa bồi dưỡng kỹ viết học sinh nâng cao rõ rệt
5 Các nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu.
5.1 Nghiên cứu sở lý luận việc rèn luyện kỹ viết tiếng Anh cho học sinh THCS
5.2 Nghiên cứu thực trạng dạy học ngoại ngữ nói chung, tiếng Anh nói riêng nguyên nhân chủ quan, khách quan học sinh THCS
5.3 Đề xuất giải pháp khắc phục lỗi phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh cho sinh THCS
6 Phương pháp nghiên cứu.
* Phát phiếu điều tra tới học sinh học khối trường THCS Yên Lạc, học sinh chọn ngẫu nhiên lớp
* Phỏng vấn giáo viên giảng dạy môn tiếng Anh trường THCS Yên Lạc * Thực nghiệm giảng dạy chuyên đề học sinh
7 Phạm vi kế hoạch nghiên cứu.
(4)NỘI DUNG
Chương CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN CỦA CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGHIÊN CỨU 1 Cơ sở lý luận chuyên đề nghiên cứu
1.1 Kỹ học tập Ngoại ngữ
Hiện tồn nhiều quan niệm khác kĩ Trong tâm lí học, kĩ xem xét theo hai khuynh hướng:
Khuynh hướng thứ nhất: xem xét kĩ mặt kĩ thuật hành động Khuynh hướng thứ hai: xem xét kĩ mặt lực người
Như vậy, kĩ xem xét theo khuynh hướng thứ hai vừa có tính ổn định, vừa có tính mềm dẻo, linh hoạt, sáng tạo, vừa có tính mục đích biểu ba dấu hiệu đặc trưng sau Thứ nhất, kĩ mặt kĩ thuật thao tác hành động Thứ hai, kĩ thực có kết hành động hay nhóm hành động dựa sở tri thức, điều kiện phương tiện phù hợp với mục đích xác định Thứ ba, hình thành mức độ phát triển kĩ xác định sở tính xác, tính thành thạo, tính linh hoạt phối hợp nhịp nhàng động tác hành động
Trong giáo dục học, kĩ số tác giả quan niệm khả của người thực có kết hành động tương ứng với mục đích điều kiện hành động xẩy Một số tác giả khác lại quan niệm kĩ thực có kết số thao tác hay loạt thao tác phức hợp hành động cách lựa chọn vận dụng tri thức, cách thức quy trình đắn
Như vậy, kĩ xem xét theo nhiều khía cạnh khác nhau, trình nghiên cứu đề tài chúng tơi thấy kĩ khơng có mâu thuẫn nhau, mà khác thành phần kĩ mà Hoạt động học tập học sinh loại hoạt động thực mối quan hệ chặt chẽ với hoạt động dạy điều khiển mục đích tự giác lĩnh hội tri thức, kỹ năng, kỹ xảo, phương thức hành vi nhằm làm thay đổi thân chủ thể hoạt động học theo hướng ngày hoàn thiện
1.2 Các lỗi phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh
There are many different types of sentence errors, and each student will make different ones For example:
• Disagreement between the subject and verb • Parallel Structure
(5)Chương NGUYÊN NHÂN VÀ GIẢI PHÁP
KHẮC PHỤC CÁC LỖI PHỔ BIẾN KHI VIẾT CÂU TIẾNG ANH 1 Nguyên nhân.
Đa số học sinh mắc lỗi viết câu học sinh chưa hội tụ đủ yếu tố động học tập, thái độ học tập chiến lược học tập
1.1 Động học tập học sinh.
Theo kết điều tra, phần lớn học sinh chưa có động học tập đắn Nguyên nhân sâu xa vấn đề liên quan đến yếu tố hình thành nên động bên học sinh:
- Điều kiện sở vật chất lớp học chưa thật tốt; chưa tạo nhiều điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc học kĩ học sinh, có kĩ viết
- Quy mơ lớp học: cịn tồn nhiều lớp học với số lượng học sinh đông (40-45 học sinh), không phù hợp với lớp học ngoại ngữ, khiến học sinh có hội rèn luyện kĩ
- Phương pháp giảng dạy mang đậm tính truyền thống: chủ yếu dựa vào sách giáo khoa, phấn, bảng
- Học sinh phải đối mặt với nhiều kiểm tra, khảo sát tháng, học kỳ dẫn đến áp lực học tập
1.2 Thái độ học tập.
Do tiếng Anh mơn học bắt buộc nên nhiều học sinh có thái độ học “đối phó”: sử dụng đáp án có sẵn từ sách giải hay từ mượn lớp học trước; học thường không ý nghe giảng, không hợp tác với bạn cặp, nhóm yêu cầu thực hoạt động lại “cầu cứu” bạn u cầu giúp đỡ từ phía giáo viên… Đơi nhiều học sinh tỏ thái độ “bất hợp tác”: không chuẩn bị trước, không tham gia vào hoạt động thực hành kĩ lớp; hay tìm lý để nghỉ học học muộn Nhiều em có quan niệm học cốt để vượt qua khảo sát chất lượng nhà trường, làm tập để đối phó với việc kiểm tra giáo viên
1.3 Chiến lược học tập.
Muốn đạt kết cao học tập khơng có động học tập đắn thái độ học tập tích cực mà cần có chiến lược học Đây lý nhiều học sinh yêu thích tiếng Anh, đầu tư nhiều thời gian cho việc học tiếng Anh không đạt kết mong muốn
Thực tế quan sát việc học tiếng Anh học sinh cho thấy phần lớn học sinh chưa có cách học hiệu quả:
(6)phần đạt câu, sử dụng cấu trúc có liên quan để viết thành câu với từ vựng học lớp
- Đa số học sinh chưa thực chịu khó luyện viết câu cách có chủ đích nhằm vận dung cấu trúc, từ học
- Phần lớn học sinh chưa thực suy nghĩ viết câu tiếng Anh mà nghĩ tiếng Việt dịch sang tiếng Anh, dẫn đến sai lệch nội dung, cách dùng từ, ngữ pháp, dấu câu
Tóm lại, động cơ, thái độ chiến lược học có mối quan hệ mật thiết với có tác động lớn đến trình học nói chung q trình rèn luyện kỹ nói học sinh nói riêng Khi học sinh có động học tập đắn, họ có thái độ học tập tích cực Từ đó, họ tìm cho chiến lược học có hiệu quả, đem lại kết cao Một đạt kết mong đợi, học sinh cảm thấy phấn khởi hơn, u thích mơn học hơn, thái độ học tập tốt Như vậy, học sinh cố gắng để đạt mục tiêu đề
2 Giải pháp khắc phục lỗi phổ biến viết câu tiếng Anh. 2.1 Xác định rõ lỗi sai viết câu cách khắc phục. a Comma splice
The comma splice is the incorrect joining of two independent clauses with a comma is an extremely common error Most frequently students connect two short sentences: Example: They believe in Oedipus, he is their king.
There are three ways to solve this problem:
1 Use a period to separate the clauses into two sentences: They believe in Oedipus He is their king
2 Join the clauses with a coordinating or subordinating conjunction, depending on their relation to one another:
They believe in Oedipus, for he is their king 3 Join the clauses with a semicolon:
They believe in Oedipus; he is their king
(7)In the following example, however, the writer has used a comma where a semi-colon is appropriate:
Peter is not the primary character, still he acts as a foil
The clauses could form separate sentences, but the use of "still" implies a stronger link which is best served by a semi-colon:
Peter is not the primary character; still, he acts as a foil.
In this example, the clauses being connected are too complex to be part of the same sentence:
Lear was a majestic ruler when he was young, however, as he became older, his temptations clouded his thought
Lear was a majestic ruler when he was young However, as he became older, his temptations clouded his thought
The writer could use a conjunction:
Lear was a majestic ruler when he was young, but as he became older his temptations clouded his thought
b Run-on sentence
A run-on sentence fuses two sentences together without any punctuation: Example: They believe in Oedipus he is their king.
This problem can be fixed in the same three ways as the comma splice c Sentence fragment
A sentence fragment is a piece of a sentence which has been punctuated as if it were a complete sentence Usually it is a phrase or subordinate clause which has been improperly separated from a main clause:
Example: Matt has been improving at school Since he stopped skipping class. The sentences must be reconnected:
Matt has been improving at school since he stopped skipping class. Every sentence must have a main clause, and thus a complete verb
(8)A tip: if you are unsure of the distinction between a complete verb and an incomplete one, or a main clause and a participle phrase, there is a simple test you can apply to find out if you have a sentence fragment, or a comma splice:
Each complete sentence will make a complete statement, and each complete statement must be either true or false
Thus if you ask of the fragment above "Since he stopped skipping class": true or false there can be no answer (what happened since he stopped?), and thus it is not a complete sentence
Similarly, both parts of the comma splice can be tested ("They believed in Oedipus" and "He is their king" both can be answered, in this case as "true"), so there are two complete statements
d Subject and verb agreement
Be sure that your subject agrees with the verb, even when there are intervening components of the sentence In the sentence:
The group of bizarrely dressed youths are taking over the cafeteria.
The writer has used a plural verb because of the proximity of youths, but the subject of the sentence is group The sentence should read:
The group of bizarrely dressed youths is taking over the cafeteria. If there are two subjects joined by and, use a plural verb:
My mother and father are coming to visit
If the subjects are joined by or, the verb must agree with the nearest subject: Either Danny or Sandy is handling it.
Either Sherlock Holmes or the Hardy Boys are capable of solving this crime.
Collective nouns such as family take singular verbs when the sentence deals with the group as a whole:
The Griswold family is going on vacation this year.
(9)Linking verbs in subjective completions agree with the subject, not the completion: My favourite thing to buy is compact discs
But compare:
Compact discs are my favourite thing to buy. e Parallel structure
Sentence elements that are alike in function should also be alike in construction These elements should be in the same grammatical form so that they are parallel.
Using parallel structure in your writing will help with
1) economy 2) clarity 3) equality 4) delight
Here are some examples of parallel elements
These elements, on the other hand, are not parallel
Used in a sentence, they create a jarring effect and produce writing with unclear emphasis and meaning We call such an error "faulty parallelism."
(10)1 With elements joined by coordinating conjunctions, especially and, but, and or Examples of parallel words
Examples of parallel phrases
(11)The examples below show how to repair faulty parallelism Example
Example
2 Use parallel structure with elements in lists or in a series
(12)Commas should be placed between each element in the series and before the coordinating conjunction
Examples of series
As the examples below show, a series whose components are not in parallel format sounds awkward and may cause misunderstanding
Example
(13)
Note that in the corrected versions of example #2, you may choose to repeat the "to" or to omit it
3 Use parallel structure with elements being compared (X is more than / better than Y)
When we compare things, we often use words such as more, less, better, and worse, We connect the items being compared with words like as and than.
Note the comparison methods in the examples below
The elements being compared are parallel to one another: driving is parallel to flying
Miriam's ability to is parallel to her resolve to
How you live is parallel to how much money you make
Comparing items without using parallel structure may cause confusion about what is being compared to what
(14)Note that you may choose to change either element to match the other
Use parallel structure with elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of being Joining elements with linking verbs or verbs of being suggests a completing of the first item by the second one Often, in fact, an equality between the two is being set up, as the examples below illustrate
Repair faulty parallelism with linking verbs or verbs of being by making one element of the equation parallel to the other
5 Use parallel structure with elements joined by a correlative conjunction These are the major correlative conjunctions:
(15)Whatever grammatical structure follows one must be parallel to the grammatical structure that follows the other
Examples with either / or and neither / nor
Examples with both / and
Examples with not only / but also
Repair faulty parallelism with correlative conjunctions by making one structure parallel to the other as shown below
(16)With neither / nor
With both / and
With not only / but also
2.2 Tăng cường tập luyện tập sửa lỗi sai tích hợp vào buổi dạy bồi dưỡng, chuyên đề kĩ viết tiếng Anh.
(17)Practice 1: For each sentence below, write CS if the sentence is a comma splice or C if the sentence is correct.
My apartment is too small, I have no room for my treadmill and exercise bike I'm exhausted, however, I will go to school anyway
Tom opened his freezer, then he noticed that two cans of beer had exploded Although I understand the definition, comma splices still confuse me
A comma splice occurs when two complete sentences are joined only by a comma, I need to remember that rule
It's means "it is" or "it has," its' is always incorrect.
I hiked for five hours yesterday, consequently I am too tired to go hiking again today
For example, I like to read suspense novels, email my friends, and play cards with my daughter
My son Geoffrey plays drums in band called Talent Scam, and he likes to surf at Playalinda Beach
10 Some people value money and material possessions, others value love and family
Practice 2: For each sentence below, write CS if the sentence is a comma splice or C if the sentence is correct Correct any comma splices using one of the methods described above.
Every year I make New Year's resolutions, for example, I will try to drink more water
Every year, however, I seem to fail at my resolutions
I did not want to fail this year, consequently, I changed my resolution I finally understood that goals needed to be specific, so I modified my goal This year I will drink four glasses of water every day, this goal is specific and measurable
While this is a measurable goal, however, four glasses of water a day is not sufficient
I don't care, at least this year I will be successful
Today I found out my bad cholesterol is a little high, therefore, I will reduce my fat intake
I was reading the dictionary today, and I read that a "chrisom child" is a child who dies in its first month, this struck me a very sad
10 Perhaps I should stop reading the dictionary, on the other hand, it is useful for correcting my spelling
Answer keys for Comma splice practice Practice 1:
1 My apartment is too small, I have no room for my treadmill and exercise bike Comma Splice
(18)3 Tom opened his freezer, then he noticed that two cans of beer had exploded Comma Splice
4 Although I understand the definition, comma splices still confuse me Correct
5 A comma splice occurs when two complete sentences are joined only by a comma, I need to remember that rule Comma Splice
6 It's means "it is" or "it has," its' is always incorrect Comma Splice
7 I hiked for five hours yesterday, consequently I am too tired to go hiking again today Comma Splice
8 For example, I like to read suspense novels, email my friends, and play cards with my daughter Correct
9 My son Geoffrey plays drums in band called Talent Scam, and he likes to surf at Playalinda Beach Correct
10 Some people value money and material possessions, others value love and family Comma Splice
Practice 2:
1 Every year I make New Year's resolutions; for example, I will try to drink more water Comma splice
2 Every year, however, I seem to fail at my resolutions
3 I did not want to fail this year; consequently, I changed my resolution Comma splice I finally understood that goals needed to be specific, so I modified my goal
5 This year I will drink four glasses of water every day; this goal is specific and measurable.Comma splice
6 While this is a measurable goal; however, four glasses of water a day is not sufficient I don't care At least this year I will be successful Comma splice
8 Today I found out my bad cholesterol is a little high; therefore, I will reduce my fat intake Comma splice
9 I was reading the dictionary today, and I read that a "chrisom child" is a child who dies in its first month This struck me a very sad Comma splice
10 Perhaps I should stop reading the dictionary; on the other hand, it is useful for correcting my spelling Comma splice
b Run-on sentence practice
Practice 1: For each sentence below, write FS if it is a fused sentence or C if it is correct.
Many young athletes want to play for professional leagues few actually succeed I lost my train of thought did you find it?
Laura was exhausted from hours of study however she made it to class on time Dolphins have killed sharks they never attack humans
(19)In later years, Mary developed a shrimp allergy, but her sister still enjoys shrimp
The roads were covered with ice therefore school was cancelled The typewriter hummed loudly; consequently, I turned it off
10 If you understand what a fused sentence is, you will be able to proofread for them in your papers then you will be less likely to make such a mistake
Practice 2: For each sentence below, write FS if it is a fused sentence or C if it is correct.
1 My Aunt Grattis lives in a mansion on the Delaware River in a small town called Andalusia
2 She is extremely fussy about her furniture for instance children under 12 cannot sit on her antiques
3 One of the problems college students face today is credit card debt credit-card companies offer cards to students who don't have jobs
4 Credit card companies can be unscrupulous one even offered a pre-approved card to my eight-year-old daughter
5 I went to the walk-in clinic because I was feeling ill in fact, I had walking pneumonia Dr Weeks's nurse called today she said that I need to exercise more often
7 Since I am too busy studying grammar rules, I have no time to exercise the nurse did not think that was a very good excuse
8 She is probably right I should exercise more
9 Do you think that typing at the computer counts as exercise?
10 My fingers are certainly getting a good workout today I have been typing for three hours
Practice 3: Determine whether any of the following sentence are fused Correct those that are.
1 One day in the late summer, Frog was not feeling well Toad said, "Frog, you are looking quite green."
3 "But I always look green," said Frog "I am a frog."
4 "Today you look very green even for a frog go to bed and rest." Toad made Frog a cup of hot tea Frog drank the tea
6 It's not easy to sit at the computer and make up examples of fused sentences The sun is shining the world is all aglow
8 This is the last day of spring break, and I'm sitting here at this computer trying to think of fused sentences
9 I must be out of my mind everyone else is at the beach
10 But it's too cold for the beach; furthermore, it's too far to drive
11 Adjectives modify nouns by adding to their meaning adverbs modify verbs and other adverbs
(20)13 The comma is the most widely used punctuation mark there is much variation in its usage
14 I slipped on the wet floor as I ran across the kitchen
15 I cannot prepare for the seminar because I have misplaced my glasses Answer keys for Run-on sentence practice
Practice 1:
_FS_ Many young athletes want to play for professional leagues, but few actually succeed
FS I lost my train of thought Did you find it?
_FS_ Laura was exhausted from hours of study; however, she made it to class on time
_FS_ Dolphins have killed sharks; however, they never attack humans.
_FS_ The shrimp was served with its head still on; as a result, Mary lost her appetite. _C Mary's sister, however, ate the shrimp anyway.
_C In later years, Mary developed a shrimp allergy, but her sister still enjoys shrimp
_FS_ The roads were covered with ice; therefore, school was cancelled. _C The typewriter hummed loudly; consequently, I turned it off.
_FS_10 If you understand what a fused sentence is, you will be able to proofread for them in your papers; then, you will be less likely to make such a mistake
Practice 2:
1 My Aunt Grattis lives in a mansion on the Delaware River in a small town called Andalusia
2 She is extremely fussy about her furniture For instance, children under 12 cannot sit on her antiques FUSED
3 One of the problems college students face today is credit card debt Credit-card companies offer cards to students who don't have jobs FUSED
(21)5 I went to the walk-in clinic because I was feeling ill; in fact, I had walking pneumonia FUSED
6 Dr Weeks's nurse called today She said that I need to exercise more often FUSED Since I am too busy studying grammar rules, I have no time to exercise The nurse did not think that was a very good excuse FUSED
8 She is probably right I should exercise more FUSED
9 Do you think that typing at the computer counts as exercise?
10 My fingers are certainly getting a good workout today I have been typing for three hours FUSED
Practice
1 One day in the late summer, Frog was not feeling well Toad said, "Frog, you are looking quite green."
3 "But I always look green," said Frog "I am a frog." FUSED
4 "Today you look very green even for a frog Go to bed and rest." FUSED Toad made Frog a cup of hot tea Frog drank the tea FUSED
6 It's not easy to sit at the computer and make up examples of fused sentences The sun is shining; the world is all aglow FUSED
8 This is the last day of spring break, and I'm sitting here at this computer trying to think of fused sentences
9 I must be out of my mind; everyone else is at the beach FUSED 10 But it's too cold for the beach; furthermore, it's too far to drive
11 Adjectives modify nouns by adding to their meaning; however, adverbs modify verbs and other adverbs FUSED
12 Nouns are words that name persons, places, things, or abstractions
(22)14 I slipped on the wet floor as I ran across the kitchen
15 I cannot prepare for the seminar because I have misplaced my glasses c Sentence fragment practice
Practice 1:Identify any fragments in the following "sentences." Martha Stewart not dining with us this Thanksgiving
2 I'm telling you in advance So don't act surprised
4 Since Ms Stewart won't be coming I've made a few small changes
6 Our sidewalk will not be lined with homemade paper bag luminaries After a trial run
8 It was decided that, no matter how cleverly done, rows of flaming lunch sacks not have the desired welcoming effect
9 Once inside, our guests noting that the entry is not decorated with the swags of Indian corn and fall foliage that I had planned to make
10 Instead, I've gotten the kids involved in the decorating by having them track in colorful autumn leaves from the front yard
11 The mud was their idea
12 The dining table not covered with expensive linens, fancy china, or crystal goblets 13 However, since this is Thanksgiving
14 We will refrain from using the plastic Peter Rabit plate and the Santa napkins from last Christmas
Practice 2: Identify any fragments in the following "sentences."
The following selection was adapted from Terry Kay's To Dance with the White Dog. On the day after his father was buried
2 James drove to the cementery in the pink-blue glaze of dawn The plot was still crowded with wreaths of flowers
4 Flowers with bright, colorful faces and ribbon sashes
5 And the white, mica-sand covering of the ground was pockmarked where people had stood for the gravesite services
6 And where chairs had been placed for the family
7 James stood at the foot of the graves of his parents and his brother A brother he had not known
9 A brother dead before his own birth
10 And stared at the shadowed sand mounds 11 Nothing was as permanent
(23)15 His father had said the white dog was his mother
16 His father was wrong; there was no white dog at the cemetery 17 Suddenly, a chill struck his neck and raced across his shoulders 18 He could feel his heart racing
19 His eyes scanning the cemetery
20 James walked into the plot, between the grave mounds of his mother and father, and he knelt
21 Then he saw them
22 Across the chest of sand on the grave of Robert Samuel Peek 23 He saw the paw prints
24 Prints so light that they could have been made by air Answer keys for Sentence Fragment Practice
Practice 1:
Identify any fragments in the following "sentences." Keep in mind that a sentence must have a subject, have a verb, and express a complete thought.
Remember that the "ing" form of a verb is not a true verb unless it is preceded by a helping verb.
Remember that the "to" form of the verb (the infinitive) is not a verb. Martha Stewart not dining with us this Thanksgiving Fragment I'm telling you in advance
3 So don't act surprised
4 Since Ms Stewart won't be coming Fragment I've made a few small changes
6 Our sidewalk will not be lined with homemade paper bag luminaries After a trial run Fragment
8 It was decided that, no matter how cleverly done, rows of flaming lunch sacks not have the desired welcoming effect
(24)10 Instead, I've gotten the kids involved in the decorating by having them track in colorful autumn leaves from the front yard
11 The mud was their idea
12 The dining table not covered with expensive linens, fancy china, or crystal goblets Fragment
13 However, since this is Thanksgiving Fragment
14 We will refrain from using the plastic Peter Rabit plate and the Santa napkins from last Christmas
Practice 2:
Identify any fragments in the following "sentences." Keep in mind that a sentence must have a subject, have a verb, and express a complete thought.
Remember that the "ing" form of a verb is not a true verb unless it is preceded by a helping verb.
Remember that the "to" form of the verb (the infinitive) is not a verb.
The following selection was adapted from Terry Kay's To Dance with the White Dog. On the day after his father was buried Fragment
2 James drove to the cementery in the pink-blue glaze of dawn The plot was still crowded with wreaths of flowers
4 Flowers with bright, colorful faces and ribbon sashes Fragment
5 And the white, mica-sand covering of the ground was pockmarked where people had stood for the gravesite services
6 And where chairs had been placed for the family Fragment
7 James stood at the foot of the graves of his parents and his brother A brother he had not known Fragment
9 A brother dead before his own birth Fragment
(25)11 Nothing was as permanent
12 He turned and looked across the cementery 13 His father had said the white dog would be there 14 To look for the white dog at sunrise Fragment 15 His father had said the white dog was his mother
16 His father was wrong; there was no white dog at the cemetery 17 Suddenly, a chill struck his neck and raced across his shoulders 18 He could feel his heart racing
19 His eyes scanning the cemetery Fragment
20 James walked into the plot, between the grave mounds of his mother and father, and he knelt
21 Then he saw them
22 Across the chest of sand on the grave of Robert Samuel Peek Fragment 23 He saw the paw prints
24 Prints so light that they could have been made by air Fragment d Subject and verb agreement practice
Practice 1: In each of the following sentences, select the appropriate form of the verb. One of my old fillings (need, needs) to be replaced
2 The young widow with her five small children (want, wants) to get on the bus In the back of the closet (is, are) some old paperback novels you might like to have The Chevy with the blue tinted windows (need, needs) washing
5 Geoffrey (doesn't, don't) have time to finish his work
6 Along the river's edge (is, are) found many different kinds of wild flowers Every one of the employees (seem, seems) ready for a vacation
8 Each of the Academy Award winners (was, were) well-paid
9 Some of the sweaters that are supposed to be new (have, has) torn seams 10 One of the clerks (do, does) much better work than the other one
(26)12 Neither my brothers nor my sister (is, are) going to the beach with me this weekend 13 Laura, together with Sally and Jon, (is, are) going to Port St John this weekend 14 The plumber with his young helper (was, were) at the door only 10 minutes after Maria called
15 Neither the scouts nor the scoutmaster (was, were) found until the second day of the search
Practice 2: Proofread and correct the following paragraph for errors in subject/verb agreement Keep all corrected verbs in present tense
There is many benefits to using spaced practice instead of massed practice Massed practice, like cramming for exams, involve studying all of the material at one time Spaced practice, on the other hand, involves distributing your study time over a longer period with breaks between practice sessions Studying for short periods of time, such as one fifty-minute session, prevent boredom, helps avoid fatigue, and improves motivation If you space out your study over a period of days, you gain several additional benefits First of all, you delay forgetting In addition, you benefit by reviewing and reinforcing the information that you previously studied
Spaced practice or distributed practice, as it is also known, allow time for the information to consolidate or jell in long-term memory Allowing breaks between learning sessions give you time to think about what you have been studying and to structure and organize it according to what you already know about the topic Remember, trying to study many chapters at one time become overwhelming to most students Rereading and reviewing is the keys to college success
(Adapted from Orientation to College Learning by D Van Blekrom.) Answer keys for Subject and Verb agreement practice
Practice 1:
Reminders: Each, everyone, everybody, and one are singular pronouns Watch for prepositional phrases that separate the subject from the verb (of the , with the ) The verb should agree with the subject of the sentence, not the object of the preposition
Directions: In each of the following sentences, select the appropriate form of the verb One of my old fillings (need, needs) to be replaced
2 The young widow with her five small children (want, wants) to get on the bus In the back of the closet (is, are) some old paperback novels you might like to have The Chevy with the blue tinted windows (need, needs) washing
5 Geoffrey (doesn't, don't) have time to finish his work
(27)7 Every one of the employees (seem, seems) ready for a vacation Each of the Academy Award winners (was, were) well-paid
9 Some of the sweaters that are supposed to be new (have, has) torn seams 10 One of the clerks (do, does) much better work than the other one
11 The serving platter with the flowers and vines on it (is, are) pretty
12 Neither my brothers nor my sister (is, are) going to the beach with me this weekend 13 Laura, together with Sally and Jon, (is, are) going to Port St John this weekend 14 The plumber with his young helper (was, were) at the door only 10 minutes after Maria called
15 Neither the scouts nor the scoutmaster (was, were) found until the second day of the search
Practice 2:
Proofread and correct the following paragraph for errors in subject/verb agreement Keep all corrected verbs in present tense
There are many benefits to using spaced practice instead of massed practice Massed practice, like cramming for exams, involves studying all of the material at one time Spaced practice, on the other hand, involves distributing your study time over a longer period with breaks between practice sessions Studying for short periods of time, such as one fifty-minute session, prevents boredom, helps avoid fatigue, and improves motivation If you space out your study over a period of days, you gain several additional benefits First of all, you delay forgetting In addition, you benefit by reviewing and reinforcing the information that you previously studied
Spaced practice or distributed practice, as it is also known, allows time for the information to consolidate or jell in long-term memory Allowing breaks between learning sessions gives you time to think about what you have been studying and to structure and organize it according to what you already know about the topic Remember, trying to study many chapters at one time becomes overwhelming to most students Rereading and reviewing are the keys to college success
(Adapted from Orientation to College Learning by D Van Blekrom.)
e Parallel structure practice
(28)2 The computer network is safer, stronger, and more secure We cannot be worried or terrified of difficulties in life
4 The actor taught his student how to read, how to stand, how to cry, and to talk with fans
5 The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as a medical degree Either you can join the army or the navy
7 The reorganization of the company is neither simple nor it will be cheap When I was in high school, I learned piano and how to play the guitar Fred supports the idea because, first, its simplicity; second, it is unique 10 They are either our friends or they are not
Answer
1 The factory workers were ready, able, and were quite determined to a great job The factory workers were ready, able, and determined to a great job
2 The computer network is safer, stronger, and more secure
NO CHANGE This sentence is correct All items in the list are comparative adjectives Safer and stronger use -er, but secure uses more.
3 We cannot be worried or terrified of the difficulties in life We cannot be worried about or terrified of the difficulties in life
4 The actor taught his student how to read, how to stand, how to cry, and to talk with fans
(29)5 The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as a medical degree The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as the requirements for a medical degree
-OR-The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as those for a medical degree (Those refers tothe requirements)
6 Either you can join the army or the navy You can join either the army or the navy.
7 The reorganization of the company is neither simple nor it will be cheap The reorganization of the company is neither simple nor cheap
(30)KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ
Cho dù bạn có lượng từ vựng nhiều hay ngữ pháp bạn mà thực hành viết câu tiếng Anh bạn cịn mắc lỗi câu câu văn bạn không đúng, đồng thời ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng viết bạn Vậy nên lưu ý học kĩ viết phải thực nắm cách viết câu tiếng Anh Khi nắm vận dụng thành thục kĩ đặt câu viết câu tiếng Anh cho đúng, bạn tự tin thực hành kĩ khác viết đoạn văn, văn Khơng có giúp cho bạn thực hành tốt kĩ nói tiếng Anh, bạn khơng sợ nói sai – điều giúp cho việc giao tiếp tiếng Anh bạn hiệu
Trong đề tài này, áp dụng với số lỗi sai phổ biến thường gặp viết câu tiếng Anh Trong suốt q trình áp dụng chúng tơi nhận thấy em học sinh tự tin việc thực hành đặt câu viết câu tiếng Anh Các em không cảm giác lúng túng phải diễn đạt ý tưởng tiếng Anh
Đề tài đã, áp dụng mang lại kết khả quan Tôi hy vọng nhận ý kiến đóng góp quý báu từ đồng nghiệp để chun đề tơi hồn thiện áp dụng rộng rãi
Một số kiến nghị:
Đối với chương trình SGK THCS: cần tăng thời lượng dạy kĩ có kĩ viết
Đối với cấp quản lí: Cần có hội thảo, chuyên đề cho giáo viên dạy tiếng Anh thơng qua giáo viên có hội trao đổi, học hỏi kinh nghiệm dạy kĩ cho học sinh
Đối với nhà trường: Trong kiểm tra, khảo sát cần lồng ghép kiểm tra kĩ học sinh tổ chức thi viết tiếng Anh mà viết câu tiêu chí tính điểm
Yên Lạc, ngày 27 tháng 02 năm 2013 Người thực chuyên đề
(31)TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
[1] Tài liệu bồi dưỡng thường xuyên cho giáo viên THCS (2004-2007) - NXB Giáo dục [2] Một số vấn đề đổi phương pháp dạy học trường THCS (2002) - Bộ GD&ĐT [3] Tài liệu bồi dưỡng giáo viên dạy học kiểm tra đánh giá theo chuẩn kiến thức kĩ chương trình giáo dục phổ thông – Bộ GD&ĐT
[4] Sách giáo khoa – Tiếng Anh NXB Giáo dục
[5] Writing Academic English - Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue [6] Successful Writing – Virginia Evans
Websites:
[1] http://www.myenglishteacher.net/parallelism.html
[2] http://www.daltonstate.edu/writing-lab/writing-lab-practice-exercises/index.html [3] https://owl.english.purdue.edu
comma splice. phrase clause verb. participle subjective completions coordinating conjunctions, es series. linking verb verb of being. correlative conjunction. http://www.myenglishteacher.net/parallelism.html http://www.daltonstate.edu/writing-lab/writing-lab-practice-exercises/index.html http://www.time4writing.com