First,SS should read through the choices given to understand them.As they do this,they should underline the key words or phrases of the choices with a marker or a pencil .T[r]
(1)SangKienKinhNghiem.org
Tổng Hợp Hơn 1000 Sáng Kiến Kinh Nghiệm Chuẩn
DONG NAI DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION & TRAINING NGUYEN DINH CHIEU HIGH SCHOOL
Code No:
EXPERIENTIAL INITIATIVE Theme:
SOME TECHNIQUES TO EFFECTIVELY HELP STUDENTS DEVELOP THEIR
RECEPTIVE SKILL.
PRESENTED BY PHAN VAN HOA
(2)Academic Year: 2011- 2012
APPENDIX
1.Reason for choosing the theme. Page 2
2.Ways to conduct the theme Page 3
3.Introducing some types of receptive skill tasks Page 3 4.Introducing some techniques to deal with the receptive skill tasks Page 4
Technique 1 Page 4
Technique 2 Page 9
Technique 3 Page 12
Technique 4 Page 15
Technique 5 Page 19
Technique 6 Page 22
5.Efficiency gaining Page 27
6.Statistical tables Page 27
7.Experience lesson Page 28
8.Conclusion Page 29
9.Summary Page 30
(3)I REASON FOR CHOOSING THE THEME:
Learning a foreign language,as we all know,requires language learners to learn enough four skills:Listening,Speaking,Reading and Writing.Listening and reading are called a receptive skill meanwhile speaking and writing are considered a reproductive one
For teaching and learning foreign languages in general and English in particular,listening and reading skills are widely used along with other skills like speaking and writing But in reality,these are two significant skills to get
information and most regularly used in communicative activities in daily life.It can't be denied that bad listening and reading skills can result in a breakdown in communication.As a result,listening and reading are regarded as a basic
communication factor A language learner with no other option must improve these two skills if he wishes to be successful in communication
At present,most school children are still shy and passive when learning English while others seem not to be interseted in studying and aren't aware of the importance of English learning.For the most part,they learn English because it is one of their subjects at school.More importantly,school children haven't set realistic goals for their own learning Instead ,they only take a course in English for exams and have no effective ways of learning But how can we teachers help language leamers,especially school children improve their receptive skills?.That's the reason why I have selected this theme:
(4)II WAYS TO CONDUCT THE THEME:
1.Basis Of Reasoning
Basing on many basis like goals,contents and methods of teaching and learning a foreign language,the ability to use it and its role.At the same time, some techniques of teaching and learning receptive skill for English are put forward In order to have an effective receptive skill-teaching period,it is required that a teacher be aware of the significance of improving this skill for students as well as provide them with some essential techniques to deal with the tasks related to the skill.Furthermore,through this theme,a teacher can have an overall view and systematize the techniques of teaching the receptive skill in an effective way
It is hoped that the techniques having been mentioned in this report will bring about teachers along with students several benefits in teaching and learning English in general and listening and reading skills in particular
2.Contents,solutions to complement the theme
Following are some basic techniques that assist students develop their receptive skill effectively.I believe that if teachers know how to apply these techniques fully and flexibly,they certainly will help students promote positiveness,initiative and creativity of students of all levels while teaching listening and reading skill.In addition,the very techniques create an exciting atmosphere of studying for the whole class,shorten the amount of time doing tasks and listening and reading -teaching period really become more effective than ever
(5)following types:
1 True / false Statements 2.Multiple choice
3.Listening/Reading comprehension questions
4.Gap-filling exercises (with or without given words) 5.Matching exercises
B.Introducing some techniques to deal with these above-mentioned tasks. Technique 1: Reading /Listening To Answer The Questions ,To Decide True Or False Statements ,To Choose The Best Option
a.For reading comprehension tasks:
-First, Ss should skim the statements or questions given to understand them.As Ss this, they:
* Underline the key words or phrases to decide which information they need to find in the text
* Look for question words like "why" indicates Ss should read for
specific things like a reason.
- Then, they should go back to the passage and locate the key words/
phrases in the passage with a marker or a pencil.
-Finally,Ss should read around the key words/ phrases carefully to find the answer
Types of reading comprehension questions include: Read the passage Then answer the questions
Read the text Then answer the questions that follow
Read the article to find answers to the following questions
Read the passage Then decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F)
(6)the best option(answer)
Find the words or phrases in the text which have the following definitions/meanings
Read the passage Then find out who did each of the followings
Read the passage Then complete the sentences, using the information from the passage
Read the text Then match the headings to the paragraphs
Read and find the evidence in the text to support these statements
The following example illustrates the above- mentioned technique Unit 4: Volunteer Work
A Reading (Page 46) English 11
Read the passage and then the tasks that follow
Each nation has many people who voluntarily take care of others For example, many high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages or homes for the aged They read books to the people in these places Sometimes the students just visit them, play games with them or listen to their problems
Other young volunteers work in the homes of sick or old people They clean up their houses, their shopping or mow their lawns For boys who no longer have fathers, there is a voluntary organization called Big Brothers College students take these boys to baseball games and help them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers
(7)Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games Some of these clubs organise short trips to the mountains, beaches or other places of interest.Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to understand the problems of younger boys and girls
Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others
Task Answer the questions
l What high school and college students usually as volunteers in hospitals, or phanages, or homes for the aged?
2.How volunteers help disadvantaged and handicapped children to overcome their difficulties?
3.Where students volunteer to work during summer vacations? +Steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step 1: Ss should skim the three questions given to understand them.As Ss do
this,they underline the key words in each question to decide what information they need to find in the text.For instance, the key words in question are: what, high
school ,college students,do, hospitals,orphanages, homes for the aged while
those in question are: How,volunteers, help ,disadvantaged .handicapped
children,
Step 2:Then,they go back to the passage to locate the information for the
questions 1,2 by finding the key words having been underlined in the passage and mark the place.For instance,Ss can find the information for question in lines 1,
2,3 of paragraph whereas that for question in lines 1,2 3,of pargraph
Step 3:Finally,they read that part with the key words located or the one nearby
carefully to decide on the answer.Ss can use their own words.In this case, the answer to question is "They read books to the people in these places Sometimes
the students just visit them, play games with them or listen to their problems "
(8)help them to overcome their difficulties ".SS continue doing the same with the
rest of the questions
b.For listening comprehension tasks:
-First, Ss should also read through the statements or questions given to understand them.As Ss this, they:
* Underline the key words or phrases to decide which informmation they need to listen for
- Then.try to work out (guess) what they are going to hear
-Finally, while listening they just focus on the key words/phrases or main information having been determined to decide on their answers by taking notes
Notice : The key words can be content words like nouns, verbs, adjectives
,adverbs ,question words,dates or numbers.etc,
Types of listening comprehension questions include:
Listen to the recording / speaker/ passage Then answer the questions
Listen to the interview/talk(dialogue)/story Then answer the questions
Listen to the recording/passage Then decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F)
Listen to the story/talk/interview Then choose the best option
Listen and complete the sentences by circling the letterA,B,C or D
Listen and choose the best option to complete the following sentences
The following example demonstrates the above- mentioned technique Unit 2: Personal Experiences
(9)* Task Listen to Christina's interview about the most unforgettable experience in her life and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or fasle (F)
l.Christina is a businesswoman. 2.The fire happened three years ago.
3.The fire started in the bedroom
4 When the fire started,Christina was reading a book
5.Her mother came and rescued her
+Steps of listening to solve the task above:
Step 1: Ss read the five statements given carefully.As they this,they should:
* Underline the key words or phrases in each statement with a marker or a pencil. For example,the key word in the first statement is :businesswoman while the ones in the second statement are: three years ago
Step 2: Then,they try to work out/guess what they are going to hear For
instance,Ss might guess Christina can be a doctor,a teaacher and so on and the
fire could have happened thirteen or thirty years ago,etc
Step 3: Finally,while listening to the interview, they concentrate only on the
key words/phrases having been determined and take notes of their answers If
they hear the same information like a businesswoman and three years ago, then select True.And if they hear different information like a doctor/director for sentence and thirteen or thirty years ago for sentence 2, then select False So the following tapescript indicates that the answer for the statement is True as
Ss will hear the same key word" businesswoman "having been determined On
the contrary False is for the statement since they will hear the different information from the one they've identified like "thirteen years ago" instead of
three years ago Ss Continue doing the same with the rest of the statements
Following is theTapescript of the listening lesson:
Note:The key words/phrases in the following Tapescript are underlined and in
(10)Interviewer: This is Radio 3.In our "Unforgettable Experiences" programme tonight we talk to Christina,a successful
businesswoman.Hello,Christina,welcome to our programme
Christina: Hello and thank you!.It's nice being with you tonight
Interviewer: Christina,could you tell our audience about the most memorable experience in your life?
Christina: Well,my most unforgettable experience happened thirteen years ago when my house burned down
Interviewer: Really?How did it happen?
Christina: The fire started in the kitchen where I forgot to turn off the gas stove
Interviewer: What were you doing at that time?
Christina: I was sleeping when I was suddenly woken up by terrible heat.I opened my eyes to find myself surrounded by wall of fire
Interviewer: That's terrible.How did you escape?
Christina: I was terrified when I heard my mother's voice calling my name.I rushed to her.She carried me out.Luckily,I got away without even a minor burn Technique Reading /Listening To Fill In The Gaps With The Words Given Or Missing/ Match The Half -Sentences Or Sentences Together
-First, a teacher might want to check that Ss understand all the words given correctly by calling on some Ss to tell the meaning of the words in Vietnamese
-Then,the teacher asks Ss to go back to the task and study (read through) all the sentences given.As Ss this,they need to guess which part of speech they need to deal with in each case, etc.In addition,Ss can these types of tasks based on grammatical structures
(11)guess - work with the given sentences to match them correctly
Types of listening /reading questions to fill in the gaps include: Complete the summary with the words/phrases from the box
Fill each blank with one suitable word/phrase given in the box
Fill in numbered spaces in the following sentences with the words/phrases
Complete the sentences Change the form of the words given in the box where necessary
Use an appropriate form of the word " abc" to complete each of the following sentences
Match the words/phrases in colunm A with their suitable definitions in B
Match the half sentences or clauses together to make meaningful ones
Fill in the gaps in the summary with the missing words
Listen and complete the passage /sentences/story with the missing word
Listen and fill in the missing information
Listen and write in the missing word
Listen and match each name to an activity
Example 1:The following reading comprehension task proves the aboved-mentioned technique
Unit 2: Personal Experiences A Reading (p 22) English 11 Read the passage and then the tasks that follow
* Task 1 Fill each blank with one suitable word/phrase given in the box
making a fuss - sneeky - glanced - embarrassing - idols- works
(12)(present participle)
3.She was in a very situation She felt so stupid and didn’t know what to say (adjective)
4.Teenagers nowadays often have their own who they really love and imitate in different ways (noun)
5.I don't like the look of that man.There is something _about him (adjective)
+Steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step :Fisrt,a teacher might want to check that Ss understand all these words
given in the box correctly by calling on some Ss to tell the meaning of the words in Vietnamese as well as their parts of speech
Step 2: Then,the teacher asks Ss to go back to the task and study the five given
statements carefully.As they this, Ss need to have a guess which part of speech they might fill in each blank For example,for sentence ,they might need to supply a verb in past tense which is the verb "glanced", but for sentence 2, they might need to supply a verb in present continuous tense that is making a fuss ,etc.In addition,Ss can this gap-filling task based on grammatical structures. For instance for the very sentence 1,they might need to supply a verb followed by
preposition "at' ,specifically glanced “at “while “sneaky’ should be in sentence 5
as we all know following the undefinite pronoun " something" is an adjective
Step 3:Finally,Ss can use both their knowledge of the words in the box and their
educational guess with the given sentences to match them correctly Go on with the rest of the sentences
Here is the key to the task :
1.glanced 2.making a fuss 3.embarrassing idols 5.sneeky
Eg 2: This technique is also applied to dealing with a listening comprehension task. Unit 2: Personal Experiences C Listening (p 27) English 11
(13)summary of Christina's story below
Although I lost many things in the fire,the experience helped me to grow up.Before the fire,I was selfish.I always complained to my mother about how (1) Adj my room was or how few clothes I had.Then the fire came and destroyed
(2)N/Pron we owned But I slowly began to realize that I didn't need those
things.I just need my (3) N After all, you can get new clothes any time,but a family can never be (4) N/AdjlV The fire (5) V many things from me,but it gave me something.too.It taught me to (6) V my family more than things
+Steps of listening to solve the task above:
Step 1: A teacher gets Ss to read through the summary and identify which part of
speech they need to fill out each space For example, for number Ss might need to fill in an adjective whereas for number 2, they might need to fill in a noun
phrase or pronoun.Ss continue doing the same with the rest of the numbered
spaces
Step 2: They can make an educated guess by using both their knowledge of words
and grammatical structures as well as their background of the topic to fill in the summary For instance, their guessing words might be small/tiny for number 1 thanks to the contextual words like always,complained about ,how few clothes,had
meanwhile everything/many things might be for number through the ones :fire,destroyed,owned
Step 3:They just focus on the part of speech identified together with their guess
ing words while listening to decide on their answers
Following are the answers to the task:
1 small 2.everything 3.family 4.replaced 5.took 6.appreciate
(14)-Texts/stories often contain more than simple facts and information.They can also express a mood,or convey the writer's attitude and opinion,but These are not always stated directly
Therefore,we need to use context and language clues to guess what they are about
Types of questions to discover a write's mood, attitude and opinion include
What does the writer think of in the passage/story?
What does the speaker imply through his talk/lecture?
What was the writer's opinion ?
_ Which word best describes the wirter's attitude towards _?
What does the speaker think about ? Or some questions to fill in the blanks include:
The writer's attitude towards in the passage can be described as _
The passage/writer implies that
The author feels that
The writer thinks that _
The following examples illustrate the above- mentioned technique Ex 1: Unit 4: Special Education
A.Reading (page 44) English 10 Read the passage and then the tasks that follow
A TEACHER IN A SPECIAL CLASS
(15)At first, there was a lot of opposition from the parents of the disabled children They used to believe that their children could not learn anything at all In the first week, only five children attended the class Gradually more children arrived Their parents realised that the young teacher was making great efforts to help their poor kids
Watching Thuy taking a class, one can see how time-consuming the work is During a maths lesson, she raised both arms and opened up her fingers one by one until all ten stood up She then closed the fingers one by one She continued the demonstration until the children realised they had just learned how to add and subtract.The children have every reason to be proud of their efforts They know a new world is opening up for them
Task2:Read the passage again and complete the following sentences by circling the corresponding letter A,B,C,or D
Question The writer's attitude towards Thuy's work in the passage can be described as
A.humorous B.angry C.suspicous D.admiring +Steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step 1:Ss should skim the four options given to make sure they have to
understand them
Step 2:They go back to the passage and scan it to look for the context and
language clues For instance,the context and language clues in this passage might be: Twenty- five children.disabled,from poor families,opposition from the
parents ,how time- consuming the work is
Step 3: Basing on the meaning of the context and language clues stated in the text
by the writer himself can help Ss guess what his attitude is about to decide on their
answer Through the language clues referred to above, it can be concluded that the
(16)especially her work takes a lot of time Therefore, the best choice for this question is D.admiring
Ex 2:Read the paragraph and then choose the option that best describes the girl's feeling.(taken from RMIT English Worldwide)
She opened the letter slowly and carefully, not sure what to expect Her hands were shaking She read the first sentence: 'Thank you for your letter of March 2006 expressing interest in our company.We were very impressed with the high quality of all the applications On this occasion, however, we regret to inform you that ' She screwed the letter up into a tight ball and tossed it into the rubbish bin Then she turned on the TV and slumped onto the couch
The girl in the paragraph felt _
A Angry because the letter was not what she had expected B Unconcerned because she had been expecting this news C Delighted because she could finally sit down and relax D Excited because she got the good news from the company
+Following are the steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step : Ss should skim the four options given to make sure they have to
understand them.As they this,they should underline the adjectives that can be described the girl's feeling like angry, unconcerned, delighted and excited
Step 2:They go back to the passage and scan it to look for the language
clues.For instance,the language clues in this paragraph might be: Her hands
were shaking,.however,regret to inform,screwed the letter and tossed it
Step 3:Basing on the meaning of the context and language clues stated in the
(17)expected
Technique Listening /Reading/To Find The Main Idea/Topic For A Paragraph
First,SS should read /listen for the topic sentence and underline/note down the key words /phrases in it.Every paragraph has a topic sentence,which contains the main idea.The topic sentence is often the first sentence of a paragraph The key words are usually the nouns,verbs,adjectives or adverbs etc.Then they have to compare the choices given with the key words/phrases underlined or heard to decide on the answer The best option is the one that has the same words or the same meaning with the key words in the topic sentence
Note:The concluding sentence can also cover the main idea of the whole paragraph
Types of questions to find the main idea for a paragraph include:
What is the most suitable main idea for the paragraph?
What is the best summary for the paragraph?
What does the fisrt (second) paragraph mainly discuss ?
What is the paragraph about ?
What is the main topic of the paragraph?
What does the speaker mainly discuss ?
What does the main topic of the lecture?
What is the main purpose of the talk?
What does the lecture mainly discuss ?
Or some questions to fill in the blank or choose include: Circle A,B,C or D that best sums up each paragraph
Choose the most suitable main idea for each paragraph
The main idea for this paragraph is
(18) The paragraph mainly discusses
_The best summary for the paragraph is _
The writer of this paragraph is trying to
Let's find out more about this technique through the following example
Unit 10. NATURE IN DANGER.
A.Reading (p 114) English 11 Read the passage and then the tasks that follow
(1) The human race is the only one small species in the living world Many other species exist on this planet However, human beings have a great influence on the rest of the world They are changing the environment by building cities and villages where forests once stood They are affecting the water supply by using water for industry and agriculture They are changing the weather conditions by cutting down the trees in the forests And they are destroying the air by adding pollutants to it
(2) It can be said that human beings are changing the environment in all
aspects through their actions and their habits.This has resulted in two serious consequences The fisrt is that many kinds of rare animals are killed
(3) In order to make sure that these rare animals not disappear,efforts have been made to protect the environment in which they live Scientists have made lists of the endangered species and suggested ways to save them
(4))If people's interference with the environment decreases,more species will survive and produce offspring The Earth will be a happy planet where
human beings, animals and plants peacefullv co-exist
(19)1.Paragraph
A.Human beings need to grow food B.Human beings pollute the environment. C.Human beings interfere with nature
D.People should stop living in the cities and villages
2.Paragraph
A.Many animals are disappearing
B.Human beings are responsible for the changes in the environment. C.People are in danger of becoming extinct
D.The human is also an endangered species
3.Paragraph
A.Human beings have made efforts to protect the environment B.Scientists have made a long list of endangered species
C.People should be kept away from animals and plants D.Rare animals not disappear
4.Paragraph
A.The survival of endangered species B.The Earth- a happy planet
C.Conditions for a peaceful co-existence D.People's interference with the environment
+Steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step 1:Ss should read through the choices given and underline the key words and
phrases.For example, the key words in Choice A are:need,grow food while the ones in Choice B are.pollute.environment.etc Ss continue doing the same with the rest of the options
Step 2: Ss go back to the passage and skim the topic sentence of each paragraph,
(20)changing,affecting while the ones in the topic sentence of paragraph are: changing,environment,actions, habits, etc Go on doing the same with the rest
Step 3: They make a comparison between the key words of the choices given
and those of the topic sentence (in other words, that is the main idea) to decide on the answer (The best answer is the one that has the same main idea or has the most words alike).As can be analysed above,choice B of paragraph1has the same meaning as the ones of the topic sentence of paragraph1 of this text
Therefore,the best answer is choice C.Human beings interfere with nature
* Keys 1.C.Human beings interfere with nature
Technique Listening /Reading To Find The Best Title/The Main Idea For A Passage /Story
First,SS should read through the choices given to understand them.As they this,they should underline the key words or phrases of the choices with a marker or a pencil Then ,they come back to the passage and locate all the topic sentences of each paragraph.In addition,they should underline the key words or phrases in each topic sentence to get the main idea of the whole passage.Finally, they compare the key words between the choices given and those of the topic sentences of the passage to decide on the answer ( In other words,they compare the main ideas).If the choice is similar or the same meaning as the one of the topic sentences ,then select it.Ss should make sure the man idea chosen sums up the entire text and not just one idea within it
Types of questions to find the main idea for a passage /story include:
Which of the choice A,B, C or D most adequately sums up the ideas of the whole passage?
(21) What is the main topic of the passage?
What is the best title of the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the best summary for the passage?
What is the passage about?
What is the purpose/aim of the passage ?
What you think the purpose of the text is?
Or some questions to fill in the blank include:
Decide which of the options below is the best title for the passage
The best title for the passage is
The passage was written to _
The most suitable title for the passage could be _
The purpose of the passage is _
The passage mainly discusses _
The writer of this passage is trying to _
The passage is intended to _
Following is an example for proving this technique Unit 5: ILLITERACY
A.READING (page 56 ) English 11 Read the passage and then the tasks that follow
(1) By July 2000,sixty-one provinces and cities throughout Vietnam had
completed the programmes_of "Universalisation of Primary Education" and "
Illiteracv Eradication" However, by that time, only 94% of the population was
able to read and write This meant that more work had to be done to eradicate illiteracy in the country
(2) In the summer of 2000, the Vietnam Society of Learning Promotion started a
(22)students from the northern highlands were asked to provide reading and writing skills to 1,200 illiterate people living in their home villages.In 2001, eight hundred volunteer students took part in the campaign The number of people receiving reading and writing lessons reached 4,623 This was an effective way to help people in remote and mountainous areas to read and write
(3) Those students who took part in the fight against illiteracv considered it an
hororable job to help people in their home villages They voluntarily spent their
summer vacations teaching
(4) The fight against illiteracv continued in the summer of 2002 This time the Vietnam Society of Learning Promotion decided to expand its activities to the central mountainous provinces
Task 2: Read the passage again ,then choose the best option A,B,C or D that mostly adequately sums up the whole passage
A.The programme of " Universalisation of Primary Education" in Viet Nam B IIIiteracy rates in Viet Nam
C Ethnic minority students's education programme D.The fight against illiteracy
+Steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step 1: Ss read through the four choices and underline the words/phrases to get
the
main idea.For example, the key words in choice A are: Universalisation of
Primary Education , the ones in choice B are:IIliteracy rates,those in Care: Ethnic minority students's education programme and the ones in Dare :fight against illiteracy
Step 2:They go back to the passage and read the topic sentences of each
(23)Universalisation of Primary Education,Illiteracy Eradication,the ones in
paragraph are: campaign for illiteracy eradication,while those in paragraphs 3 and are: fight against illiteracy
Step 2:They should compare the main ideas of all the topic sentences with the four
choices given to decide on the answer The answer is the one that has the same words or meaning as the topic sentences As can be seen,the key words between
choice D and the ones in paragraphs 2,3 and have the same words as well as the meaning
They are illiteracy, eradication,fight Therefore, D.The fight against illiteracy is the best option
Technique Reading For Reference (Đọc tìm liên hệ) Introduction:
To avoid repeating the words or phrases mentioned previously,the writer usually uses referential words to replace These referential words can be such pronouns as:it,its,they,them,their,this,that,these,those,one,someone,and the
relative pronouns like who,which,that or the adverbs like there,here,then
Questions to read for reference require readers to determine these refential words(các từ liên hệ) showing things,places,or someone in the reading passage
Example: In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication In this
instance,the writer will ask what noun the word they refers to in the
sentence-countries,cellphones,young people, or means of communication
(24)Step 1: Ss read questions and look for referential words in the reading passage Normally,these words are marked in advance (in bold or black)
Step : They read all the information before and after that word to search for the word or phrase that the referential word can refer to
Notice:The referential word often shows the words or phrases located in front of it ( one or two sentences away from it ).Therefore,if among the options with the words or phrase located behind the referential word ,these words are rarely the answer
Step : After having found the right word or phrase,choose the best answer.Then try replacing the referential word with the word or phrase having been chosen to see whether it is suitable or not
Types of questions to read for reference include:
_What does the word " abc" refer to ?
The word " abc" refers to "
_" The word " abc" is closest in meaning to "
_" The word "abc" in line means
The underlined word"abc" in the passage
refers to
Model Reading: Unit 16: The Wonders Of The World (page 179) English 11
Read the passage and then the tasks that follow GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA
(25)when he died and to protect the burial chamber from the weather and from thieves who might try to steal the treasures and belongings there The Great Pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period First, the site was prepared and then the huge blocks of stone were transported and put in their places
When it was built, the Great Pyramid was 147 metres high on a base of 230 metres square It ranked as the tallest structure on earth for more than 43 centuries, only to be surpassed in height in the nineteenth century AD The structure consisted of approximately million blocks of stone, each weighing about 2.5 tons It has been suggested that there are enough blocks in the three pyramids to build a 3-metre high, 0.3-metre-thick wall around France
Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place, several theories have been proposed One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded A second theory suggests that the blocks were lifted and placed using thousands of huge weight arms
Today, the Great Pyramid of Giza is enclosed, together with the other pyramid in the tourist region of the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the River Nile Also in the area is the museum housing the mysterious Sun Boat, only discovered in 1954 near the south side of the pyramid The boat is believed to have been used to carry the body of Khufu in his last journey on earth before being buried inside the pyramid
Task 3(page 180):Scan the text and then choose the best option Example: He ( line ) refers to Khufu
l.What does the word "who" in line refer to?
A.weather B.thieves C.treasures D.belongings 2.The word "it" in line refers to
A.earth B.structure C.the Pyramid D.base 3 The word "it" in line is closest in meaning to
(26)A structure B wall C block D the Pyramid +Following are the steps of reading to solve the task above:
Step : Ss read through the four questions given and look for referential words in the reading passage.Remember that normally,these words are marked in advance (in bold or black).For instance,the word who in question is in line of the passage
Step 2 : They must read all the information before and after the word"who" to search for its referential word
Step : After having determined the right referential word ,Ss compare it with the four choices.Of course, the correct answer is the one that has the same meaning as the italic one.As can be seen,the words in choice A and B are situated behind the word "who",so they are certainly not the answer in this case.Based on the sentence
from thieves who might try to steal the treasures and the belongings there,only can
the word "thieves" replace the word "who" appropriately.Therefore,the best answer is choice B Ss Continue doing the same with the rest
Note: Another way of solving this question is to remind Ss of the usage of the relative pronoun "who" As we all know,"who" is used in place of the noun showing people as a subject in relative clauses.More importanly,"who" stands right after the noun it modifies, so the word "thieves" is definitely its referential word
Example 2:Taken from the st semester test made by Dong Nai Department of Education and Training Grade 12, Academic year:2011-2012
Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer
The way we speak can tell others a lot about our backgrounds We can guess if someone is from the northern part of our country or the southern What happens if a child has a southern accent ,but uses northern words? We might guess that the child's family moved from the north to the south The child has the accent of his friends but
(27)way we speak A famous sociolinguist, William Labov, tried to find a link between accent and social class He went to three different shops in New York The first was used by upper class people, the second by the middle class, and the third by the lower class He found that in general, people in the upper class shop did not pronounce "R" in the same way as customers in the other shops
26 The underlined word "the third" in the passage refers to
A.the accent B the social class C the shop D sociolinguist 27 The word "class" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A classroom B a group of people C a family D a shop 28 What is the main idea ofthe passage?
A.The relationship between the northern and southern accents B.The relationship among shops in New York
C The relationship between the way we speak and our background
D.The relationship among classes in New York
29 The author discuses the link between accent and social class in order to A.find a link between accent, childhood, New York, and social class B.support the idea that our background influences the way we think C.show how accent will change our background if we are hot careful D.explain the difference between middle class and upper class shops 30 According to the passage, what affects the way we speak?
(28)III.EFFICIENCY GAINING
After a long period of applying these techniques to teaching,I've realised that most of my students have made considerable progress in studying English,especially the receptive skill.The ratios of the students getting information from average and weak levels up to fair and good ones have clearly increased.More importantly ,students themselves have felt more self-confident,comfortable and active while listening and reading English materials Thanks to the techniques mentioned previously,they have solved the receptive skill tasks swiftly and effectively Moreover, language class atmosphere becomes more exciting and less stressful than it used to be.Last but not least,a teacher has worked less and become a bandmaster
IV.STATISTICAL TABLE:
(29)a.The folowing survey had been carried out before applying this theme
Class
Good level Fair level A verage level Weak level No Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio 11 A5 42 4,8% 11,9% 10 23,8% 25 59,5% 11 A6 39 2,6% 10,3% 17,9% 27 69,2% 12A6 36 5,6% 8,3% 16,7% 25 69,4%
12A7 36 8,3% 11,1% 9 25% 20 55,6%
(This survey table was carried out in late August, 2011)
b.The folowing survey was carried out after applying this theme
Class
Good level Fair level Average level Weak level No Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio Ss No Ratio
11A5 42 9,5% 16,7% 12 28,6% 19 45,2%
11A6 39 7,7% 15,4% 10 25,6% 20 51,3% 12A6 36 8,3% 11,1 % 25% 20 55,6%
12A7 36 13,9% 19,40/0 10 27,8% 14 38,9%
(These statistical figures were conducted again in early April, 2012 )
(30)With the receptive skill techniques mentioned earlier,a teacher can assist students promote their activeness and initiative.Also,they have had confidence in taking part in their lesson,acquire knowledge quickly and memorize it longer.Particularly, students have made much progress in their studies.For example,they've increased their reading speed,got information more exactly and especially shortened time solving tasks.The most important thing is that they've done the tasks belonging to the receptive skill in an effective way.Besides,students no longer feel scared or worried when having to read longer passages with unknown words or listen to fast -going conversations
V CONCLUSION
I assume that everyone has their own thought and each teacher also has their own method of teaching.Nevertheless,no matter what approaches are applied,they all aim at promoting students'positiveness,initiative and creativity in the language class and helping them acquire knowledge and use it in concrete situations with great effectiveness.Thus,it is required that a teacher make great efforts to find out good and effective approaches in order to increse education and training qualities in general and English in particular To make this come true,it is a must that a teacher should frequently self- study,further his education and update new knowledge to improve his profession The theme:"SOME TECHNIQUES TO EFFECTIVELY STUDENTS IMPROVE THEIR RECEPTIVE SKILL " is part of the above-mentioned issue
(31)Written by Phan Văn Hòa
VII.SUMMARY
Technique 1: Reading /Listening To Answer The Questions ,To Decide True Or False Statements ,To Choose The Best Option
a.For reading comprehension tasks:
-First, Ss should skim the statements or questions given to understand them.As Ss this, they:
* Underline the key words or phrases to decide which information they need to find in the text
* Look for question words like "why" indicates Ss should read for specific things like a reason.
- Then, they should go back to the passage and locate the key words/ phrases in the passage with a marker or a pencil.
(32)b.For listening comprehension tasks:
-First, Ss should also read through the statements or questions given to understand them.As Ss this, they:
* Underline the key words or phrases to decide which informmation they need to listen for
- Then.try to work out (guess) what they are going to hear
-Finally, while listening they just focus on the key words/phrases or main information having been determined to decide on their answers by taking notes
Notice : The key words can be content words like nouns, verbs, adjectives
,adverbs ,question words,dates or numbers.etc,
Technique Reading /Listening To Fill In The Gaps With The Words Given Or Missing/ Match The Half -Sentences Or Sentences Together
-First, a teacher might want to check that Ss understand all the words given correctly by calling on some Ss to tell the meaning of the words in Vietnamese
-Then,the teacher asks Ss to go back to the task and study (read through) all the sentences given.As Ss this,they need to guess which part of speech they need to deal with in each case, etc.In addition,Ss can these types of tasks based on grammatical structures
- Now, Ss can use both their knowledge of the words in the box and their guess - work with the given sentences to match them correctly
(33)-Texts/stories often contain more than simple facts and information.They can also express a mood,or convey the writer's attitude and opinion,but These are not always stated directly
Therefore,we need to use context and language clues to guess what they are about
Technique Listening /Reading/To Find The Main Idea/Topic For A Paragraph
First,SS should read /listen for the topic sentence and underline/note down the key words /phrases in it.Every paragraph has a topic sentence,which contains the main idea.The topic sentence is often the first sentence of a paragraph The key words are usually the nouns,verbs,adjectives or adverbs etc.Then they have to compare the choices given with the key words/phrases underlined or heard to decide on the answer The best option is the one that has the same words or the same meaning with the key words in the topic sentence
Note:The concluding sentence can also cover the main idea of the whole paragraph
Technique Listening /Reading To Find The Best Title/The Main Idea For A Passage /Story
(34)the main ideas).If the choice is similar or the same meaning as the one of the topic sentences ,then select it.Ss should make sure the man idea chosen sums up the entire text and not just one idea within it
Technique Reading For Reference (Đọc tìm liên hệ)
Step 1: Ss read questions and look for referential words in the reading passage Normally,these words are marked in advance (in bold or black)
Step : They read all the information before and after that word to search for the word or phrase that the referential word can refer to
Notice:The referential word often shows the words or phrases located in front of it ( one or two sentences away from it ).Therefore,if among the options with the words or phrase located behind the referential word ,these words are rarely the answer
Step : After having found the right word or phrase,choose the best answer.Then try replacing the referential word with the word or phrase having been chosen to see whether it is suitable or not
VIII REFERENCES
l Teaching English ( A training course for teachers) - Adrian doff Teacher's Directory Reading Skills aids and materials
3 Underwood, M., Teaching Listening, Longman, 1989 4 Steil, L et al, Effective Listening, Me Graw Hill, Inc 1983
5 Baker,J & Heather, W ( 2000) The Enghish Language Teacher's Handbook.VSO
(35)7 Tanner, R & Green, C ( 1988) Tasks for Teacher Education.Longman
8 I.S.P.Nation," Language Teaching Techniques", 1996.ELI Victoria University of Wellington,NZ
9 E LTTp," English Language Teaching Methodology", 2003.MOET Of W N 10 Harmer, " How To Teach English", 1998,Longman
SỞ GD&ĐT ĐỒNG NAI
Trường :THPT Nguyễn Đình Chiểu
CỘNG HỒ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập - Tự - Hạnh phúc
Long Thành, ngày 15 tháng năm 2012
PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT, ĐÁNH GIÁ SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM Năm học: 2011 - 2012…
–––––––––––––––––
Tên sáng kiến kinh nghiệm: Một Số Thủ Thuật Giúp Học Sinh Cải Thiện Kỹ Năng Tiếp Nhận
Thông Tin Một Cách Có Hiệu Quả
Họ tên tác giả: Phan Văn Hòa Chức vụ: Tổ Trưởng Chuyên Môn
Lĩnh vực: (Đánh dấu X vào ô tương ứng, ghi rõ tên môn lĩnh vực khác)
- Quản lý giáo dục - Phương pháp dạy học môn: x. - Phương pháp giáo dục - Lĩnh vực khác:
ĐÁNH GIÁ:
Các mặt Yêu cầu Điểm
(36)(6 điểm)
Có cải tiến so với giải pháp có với mức độ trung bình: 0.25đ - 3.75đ Có cải tiến so với giải pháp có với mức độ khá: 4đ - 4.75đ
Có cải tiến so với giải pháp có với mức độ tốt hoàn toàn mới: 5đ- 6đ 6
Hiệu quả (8 điểm)
Đề tài có tính cải tiến đổi từ giải pháp có triển khai áp dụng đơn vị có hiệu quả: 1đ- 4.75đ
Đề tài có tính hồn tồn triển khai áp dụng đơn vị có hiệu cao : 5đ- 6.75đ
5 Đề tài có tính cải tiến đổi từ giải pháp có triển khai áp dụng tồn ngành có hiệu cao : 5đ- 6.75đ
Đề tài có tính hồn tồn triển khai áp dụng tồn ngành có hiệu quả cao : 7đ- 8đ
Khả áp dụng (6 điểm)
Cung cấp luận khoa học cho việc hoạch định đường lối, sách giáo dục đào tạo:< 2đ
2 Đưa giải pháp khuyến nghị có khả ứng dụng thực tiễn, dễ thực dễ vào hoạt động giáo dục đào tạo:< 2đ
2 Đã áp dụng thực tế đạt hiệu có khả áp dụng đạt hiệu quả phạm vi rộng :< 2đ
2
Tổng điểm: 17… Xếp loại:Xuất sắc
Long Thành, ngày 15 tháng năm 2012 Giám khảo
Tập Thể Tổ Tiếng Anh
Hướng dẫn xếp loại:
Loại Xuất sắc: Tổng số điểm đạt từ 17,0 điểm trở lên
Trong đó, Tính mới, Hiệu Khả áp dụng phải đạt từ 5,0 điểm trở lên. Loại Khá: Tổng số điểm đạt từ 13,0 đến 17,0 điểm
Trong đó, Tính mới, Hiệu Khả áp dụng phải đạt từ 4,0 điểm trở lên. Loại Đạt: Tổng số điểm đạt từ 10,0 đến 13,0 điểm
Trong đó, Tính mới, Hiệu Khả áp dụng phải đạt từ 3,0 điểm trở lên. Không đạt: Tổng số điểm đạt 10,0 điểm