This research was carried out evaluating the effect of some factors (auxin pre-treatment, volume, density, ventilated conditions, AgNPs,.. LEDs, etc.) on the growth of Chrysanthem[r]
(1)INTRODUCTION 1 The necessity of the dissertation
A microponic culture system, combining micro-propagation (MO) and hydroponic, has potential in plant breeding This method inherits many advantages of hydroponic and the MO, which can reduce the drawbacks of MO system Hahn et al (1996, 1998 and 2000) showed that Chrysanthemum plants in microponic system were higher than those in MO Nhut et al (2005b) indicated that microponic system with nylon films gave good growth Chrysanthemum compared to MO
According to current trends, this system has been studied in two ways: (1) Modernization of equipment to optimize culture conditions; (2) Simplify with simple, inexpensive equipment and materials, but still ensure the good development of plants, improve the quality of seedlings and easy to apply on a large scale
Thus, the second way was chosen to simplify the production process as well as ease of application into production practices Ph.D thesis “Optimization of microponic system in the propagation of Chrysanthemum morifolium” was studied to evaluate the potential growth of Chrysanthemum in microponic system and evaluate the propagation efficiency to set up a seedling production model in suitable microponic system and can propagate with quantity great In addition, the role of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as well as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the culture medium were investigated
2 Objective and requirement of the dissertation
(2)LEDs, etc.) on the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium in microponic systems and the acclimatization, grow and flowering bloom at the nursery stage From the results of this study, the thesis will propose the microponic system for Chrysanthemum propagation 3 Scientific and practical significance of the study
Scientific significance
The thesis results will provide valuable new scientific data on the introduction of the microponic system as well as a useful reference for research and teaching in the fields of plant breeding
Practical significance
This is a potential research direction in the field of plant breeding The subject has given the appropriate microponic system, creating the source of seedlings homogeneous in large numbers
4 Subject and research scope Subject
The microponic system is used to study the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Research scope
The research was studied to evaluate the growth of Chrysanthemum in microponic system under different culture conditions, the role of AgNPs in antimicrobial as well as LEDs in improving plant quality Thereby, it offers a larger microponic system, which is easy to package, transport and trade In addition, the thesis also conducted field trials
5 The findings of the dissertation
(3)system to the commercial plants stage The role of AgNPs enhanced growth and anti-microbial in the microponic culture medium as well as the role of LEDs in improving seedling quality were investigated 6 Overall structure of the dissertation
There were 141 pages and divided into sections: Forewords, pages, Chapter 1: Literature review, 33 pages; Chapter 2: Materials, contents and methods, 14 pages; Chapter 3: Results, 47 pages; S Chapter 4: Discussion, 22 pages, Conclusions and recommendations, page; Section: List of publication related to dissertation, pages; Section: Reference, 18 pages with 140 reference documents in Vietnamese, English and from the internet The dissertation includes 14 tables, 31 figures and 12 graph
Chapter I: LITERATURE REVIEW
Ph.D thesis has been referred to use in this dissertation related to: (1) Hydroponic; (2) Microponic; (3) Review about Chrysanthemum; (4) Chrysanthemum propagation methods; (5) Effect of media conditons on plant growth; (6) Silver Nanoparticle; (7) Light emitting diodes
Chapter II: MATERIALS, CONTENTS AND METHODS 2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Plant materials
Chrysanthemum morifolium plants devired from Japan were subcultures with 10 – 12 cm in height
2.1.2 Equipment – instruments and chemicals
(4)121°C, atm for 30 minutes SPAD 502 Plus Chlorophyll Meter, Sanyo MOV-112 dryer, etc
Chemicals: AgNPs supplied by the Institute of Environmental Technology with size of ≤ 20 nm The concentration of AgNPs were 500 ppm (Chau et al., 2008) Agar, sucrose, IBA, acetone ≥ 99.5% 2.1.3 Light sources
Fluorescent lamps (FL), 100% red LED (R), 10% blue LED + 90% red LED (10B:90R), 20% blue LED + 80% red LED (20B:80R), 30% blue LED + 70% red LED (30B:70R), 40% blue LED + 60% red LED (40B:60R), 50% blue LED + 50% red LED (50B:50R), 60% blue LED + 40% red LED (60B:40R), 100% blue LED (B), 100% yellow LED (Y) and 100% green LED (G) The different ratios of combine red and blue LEDs depend on the number of red and blue LED chips combined between them according to the method of Nhut (2002) The light intensity of the LEDs and fluorescents (45 μmol m-2
s-1) are adjusted so that the intensity between the different conditions is equal
2.1.4 Film nylon substrate
A4 plastic (size 20 × 30 cm), made in Vietnam (Flexoffice, Thien Long Group, Vietnam) It is used for offices, book covers, documents, records, etc The glossy cover standard quality, specifications A4, thickness 1.5 mm, packing 100 sheets, transparent and waterproof Storage temperature: 10 - 55ºC, humidity: 55 - 95% and away from heat source
2.1.5 Culture systems
(5)Microponic system was a rectangular plastic box (MR1) with a height of 8.5 cm, 35 x 28 cm at top and 30 x 25 cm at bottom MR1 has 300 film nylon tubes
Duy Tan rectangular plastic box (MR2) with the height of 16.1 cm, 31.8 cm in width and 45.7 cm in length MR2 has 600 film nylon tubes
2.1.6 Media
MO medium: ½MS medium, free hormones and pH 5.8
Microponic medium: ½MS medium, free hormones, pH 5.8 and non-autoclaved
2.2 Research contents
2.2.1 Establishment mcrioponic systems
2.2.2 The effect of some factors on Chrysanthemum growth cultured on MC system
2.2.3 The effect of silver nanoparticles on anti-microbial in microponic media
2.2.4 The effect of different lighting conditions on enhanced growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
2.2.5 The efficiency of microponic system compared to MO
2.2.6 Planting trial of Chrysanthemum cultured on microponic systems at greenhouse to flowering bloom
2.3 Research methods 2.3.1 Design of experiments
2.3.1.1 Study on the effect of IBA pre-treatment on rooting ability of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
(6)2.3.1.3 Study on the effect of plants density on growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
2.3.1.4 Study on the effect of ventilated conditions on growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
2.3.1.5 Study on the effect of AgNPs in MC medium on growth of Chrysanthemum
2.3.1.6 Study on the effect of AgNPs in MC medium on anti-microbial
2.3.1.7 Study on the effect of AgNPs in MC medium on growth of Chrysanthemum transferred into greenhouse
2.2.1.8 Study on the effect of LEDs on growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system
2.2.1.9 Study on the effect of LEDs on chlorophyll accumulation of Chrysanthemum leaves cultured on MC system
2.2.1.10 Evaluate the effectiveness of microponic and MO systems 2.2.1.11 Study on the effects of MC and MR systems on Chrysanthemum growth
2.2.1.12 Planting field trials of Chrysanthemum cultured on microponic system in the nursery to flowering stage
2.3.2 Measurement of parameters 2.3.3 Data analysis
2.4 Culture conditions 2.5 Location and time
Chapter III: RESULTS 3.1 Establishment microponic system
(7)3.2 The effect of some factors on the Chrysanthemum growth in MC system
3.2.1 The effect of IBA pre-treatment on rooting of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
After weeks of culture and weeks at greenhouse, the results showed that shoots pre-treated with IBA (500 ppm) gave the higher rooting, acclimatization and growth compared to pre-treated with distilled water or added IBA (500 ppm) (Table 3.1 and 3.2)
Figure 3.1 Establishment the substrates used in the microponic system
(1): Nylon film; (2): Around 1.5 cm diameter glass tube; (3): Welding by metal sticks; (4): Cut off the excess; (5): Cut into short tubes; (6): Substrates.
2 cm
(1) (2) (3)
(4)
(6) (5)
Alcohol lamp
2
0
c
m
1.5 cm 30 cm
(8)Figure 3.2 Experimental steps
(1): In vitro shoots; (2): IBA Pre-treatment; (3): Wash with distilled water; (4): In vitro shoot after pre-treatment; (5, 6): For plastic containers; (5’, 6’): For shoots on
the microponic system; HT: Circular plastic box; HCN: Rectangular plastic box.
Table 3.1 The growth of Chrysanthemum plants in MC system after weeks of culture
Rooting treatment IBA pre-treatment Distilled water IBA Plant height (cm) 5.00a* 4.56b 4.46b
No of roots 7.20a 2.40b 1.40b
Rooting rate (%) 100a 60b 20c
No of leaves 6.40a 5.80ab 5.60b
Root length (cm) 1.24a 0.26b 0.18b Leaf length (cm) 1.28a 1.18a 1.22a
Leaf width (cm) 1.08a 1.00a 1.04a
(9)Table 3.2 The growth of Chrysanthemum plants cultured on MC system after weeks transferred into greenhouse
Rooting treatment IBA pre-treated Distilled water IBA Plant height (cm) 14.24a 10.86b 7.78c*
No of roots 55.20a 47.45b 41.60bc
Survival rate (%) 100a 60b 20c
No of leaves 15.40a 13.33ab 11.67b Root length (cm) 5.72a 5.21b 4.48b Leaf length (cm) 3.26a 2.88a 2.42a
Leaf width (cm) 2.86a 2.33a 2.14a
Fresh weight (mg) 2,837.65a 2,341.26b 1,945.67b Dry weight (mg) 232.72a 217.30b 181.33c Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05)
3.2.2 Effect of volume medium on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
The growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system with 40 ml volume medium were highest This experiment showed superiority with the remaining treatments in the plant height (6.61 cm), number of roots (14.00 root), root length (1.40 cm), fresh weight (475 mg) and dry weight (32.50 mg) (Table 3.3)
Table 3.3 Effect of volume medium on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system after weeks of culture
(10)Leaf length (cm) 1.20a 1.68a 1.22a 1.14a 1.00a Leaf width (cm) 1.07a 1.40a 1.12a 1.07a 0.90a Fresh weight (mg) 293b 475a 350b 287b 259b Dry weight (mg) 22.80c 32.50a 28.33b 22.67c 21.10c Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05)
Changes in volume medium in MC system were also recorded after and weeks of culture (Graph 3.1) Plant height of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system with 40 ml per box was higher than the remaining treatments (25.90 cm) after weeks at the greenhouse (Graph 3.2)
Graph 3.1 Changes in volume medium in MC system after weeks of culture
5.00 3.80
2.20 7.00
5.60
3.80
9.00 7.40
5.60 11.00
9.60
7.60
13.00 11.40
9.40
0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00
0 S T W E E K N D W E E K
M
EDIUM
DEPT
H
(M
M
)
(11)Graph 3.2 Plant height of Chrysanthemum in MC system with diffirent volumes after weeks at the greenhouse
3.2.3 Effect of shoot density on growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system
15 shoots per box were highest plant height (5.18 cm), root length (2.33 cm), fresh weight (326.00 mg) and dry weight (28.33 mg) after 2 weeks of culture (Table 3.4) Chrysanthemum in MC system with 15 shoots per box were optimal growth compared to those with other density after weeks transferred into greenhouse (Graph 3.3) Table 3.4 Effect of shoots density on growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system after weeks of culture
Shoot density 10 15 20 25
Plant height (cm) 4.59b* 5.18a 4.71b 4.67b No of leaves 6.80a 6.70ab 6.10b 6.30b No of roots 10.90a 8.10b 4.90c 3.30c Root length (cm) 1.88b 2.33a 0.64c 0.32c Fresh weight (mg) 270.67b 326.00a 270.00b 277.67b Dry weight (mg) 24.33b 28.33a 25.00b 25.67b
19.07b
25.90a
19.67b
17.77c
15.90d
0 10 20 30
30 ml 40 ml 50 ml 60 ml 70 ml
Pla
nt
he
ig
ht
(c
m
(12)pH 6.50 6.10 6.20 5.94 Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05)
Graph 3.3 Plant height of Chrysanthemum in MC system with different shoots density after weeks at greenhouse
3.2.4 The effect of ventilated conditions on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
After weeks of culture, the growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system with ventilated conditions have a slightly different compared to those in non-vetilation (Table 3.5) Changes in relative humidity in the MC system with different ventilated conditions were also reported after weeks of culture (Graph 3.4)
Table 3.5 The effect of ventilated conditions on the growth of
Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system after weeks of culture
Ventilated conditions
Non-ventilated
Millipore membrance
3 ventilated holes Plant height (cm) 4.66b* 5.18a 5.07a
[VALUE]b [VALUE]a
[VALUE]c
[VALUE]d
0 10 20 30 40
10 shoots 15 shoots 20 shoots 25 shoots
Pla
nt
he
ig
ht
(c
m
(13)No of roots 4.70b 10.20a 8.90a No of leaves 6.60a 6.70a 6.70a Root length (cm) 0.42b 2.33a 2.52a Fresh weight (mg) 280.33b 378.67a 332.33ab Dry weight (mg) 24.33c 30.67a 28.00b
Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05)
Graph 3.4 Changes in relative humidity in the MC system with different ventilated conditions after weeks of culture
The growth of week’s Chrysanthemum plants transferred into greenhouse showed that plants cultured on MC with Millipore membrance were higher than those in non-ventilation (Graph 3.5)
55.00
66.40
82.93
55.00
61.33
66.07
55.00
57.53 60.07
50 60 70 80 90
0 1st week 2nd week
Re
la
ti
v
e
h
u
m
id
it
y
(%
)
(14)Graph 3.5 Plant height of Chrysanthemum in MC system with different ventilated conditions after weeks transferred into greenhouse 3.3 The effect of AgNPs on anti-microbial in microponic media 3.3.1 The effect of AgNPs on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system
After weeks of culture on MC system supplemented different concentrations of AgNPs, the results were showed on Table 3.6 Table 3.6 The effect of AgNPs on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system after weeks of culture
AgNPs (ppm) 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
Plant height (cm) 5.53b 4.96c 5.59b 6.98a 4.72d No of leaves 7.33b 7.00c 7.33b 7.67a 7.00c No of roots 12.00b 11.00c 12.33ab 13.00a 7.33d Root length (cm) 1.22b 0.84d 1.14c 1.48a 0.75e Leaf length (cm) 1.07d 1.20c 1.30b 1.73a 1.00e Leaf width (cm) 1.10c 1.13bc 1.20b 1.57a 0.83d Fresh weight (mg) 289.67d 320.67c 405.33b 516.00a 270.00d
[VALUE]c
[VALUE]a
[VALUE]b
0 10 20 30 40
Non-ventilated Millipore membrance ventilated holes
Pla
nt
he
ig
ht
(c
m
(15)Dry weight (mg) 26.00e 31.67c 39.67b 48.67a 28.00d Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05).
In this studied, chlorophyll content of Chrysanthemum leaves were recorded (Graph 3.6)
Graph 3.6 Chlorophyll accumulation of Chrysanthemum leaves in MC system added different concentrations of AgNPs after weeks of culture 3.3.2 The effect of silver nanoparticles on antibacterian in microponic media
The results were identified bacterial species and three mold species as well as quantified their content in the remaining nutrient solution of the microponic system based on Bergey, ISO 16266, NHS-F15 for bacteria and ISO 21527-1 for fungi (Table 3.7)
Table 3.7 Identification and quantification of microorganisms in microponic medium after weeks of culture
Species Test method AgNPs (ppm) [VALUE]d
[VALUE]bc [VALUE]b
[VALUE]a
[VALUE]cd
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
Chlo
roph
y
ll
(SPA
D)
(16)(CFU/ml) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 10
Corynebacterium sp BMDB 7.3×105 4.6×106 9.6×105 2.7×105 <
Enterobacter sp BMDB 1.7×104 < 10 < <
Arthrobacter sp BMDB 2.1×106 5.4×107 7.2×106 2.9×106 <
Agrobacterium sp BMDB 4.5×105 6.7×106 3.0×106 1.6×105 <
Xanthomonas sp BMDB 8.1×102 9.0×103 1.0×102 < <
Pseudomonas sp ISO 16266 7.5×103 8.4×103 1.3×102 < <
Bacillus sp NHS-F15 1.7×103 5.0×103 2.4×103 < <
Micrococcus sp BMDB < < < < <
Aspergillus sp ISO 21527-1 3.2×103 4.1×103 2.0×103 3.2×102 <
Fusarium sp ISO 21527-1 2.2×102 5.6×102 6.4×102 5.8×103 <
Alterneria sp ISO 21527-1 4.7×103 1.7×102 2.5×103 10 < BMDB: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
3.3.3 The effect of AgNPs on the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on MC system transferred into greenhouse
After weeks transferred into greenhouse, the growth of plants were record on Table 3.8 and Graph 3.7
Graph 3.7 Chlorophyll accumulation of Chrysanthemum leaves in MC system supplemented different concentrations of AgNPs after weeks
transferred into greenhouse
[VALUE]c [VALUE]c
[VALUE]b [VALUE] a
[VALUE]d
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
Chlo
roph
y
ll
(SPA
D)
(17)Table 3.8 The growth of Chrysanthemum plants in MC system supplemented different concentrations of AgNPs after weeks transferred into greenhouse
AgNPs (ppm) 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10
Plant height (cm) 9.33d 9.47d 11.27b 13.33a 10.43c No of leaves 10.33d 11.33cd 13.67ab 14.67a 12.67bc
No of roots 17.33c 15.67c 17.33c 26.67a 21.23b
Root length (cm) 6.87a 6.97a 6.97a 7.33a 7.27a
Leaf length (cm) 3.27c 3.37bc 3.57b 4.03a 3.33bc
Leaf width (cm) 2.77d 3.20bc 3.37b 3.77a 3.07c
Fresh weight (mg) 1706d 2431c 3219b 3816a 2189c
Dry weight (mg) 106d 136d 300b 367a 216c
Survival rate (%) 95 95 100 100 85
Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05).
3.4 The effect of different lighting conditions on enhanced growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system
3.4.1 The effect of different lighting conditions on enhanced growth of Chrysanthemum in MC system
(18)Table 3.9 The growth of Chrysanthemum plants in MC system under different lighting conditions after weeks of culture
Lighting conditions
Plant height (cm)
No of leaves
No of roots
Root length (cm)
Fresh weight (mg)
Dry
weight (mg)
4.73de* 7.00ab 9.70bc 1.27a 420.20bc 37.67c 4.73de* 5.50ab 7.00ab 11.20ab 0.36e 409.80bc 37.00c 5.50ab 5.70a 7.00ab 9.10bc 0.86bc 371.54cd 34.33d 5.70a 5.21bc 6.70ab 9.80bc 0.87bc 484.26ab 40.33b 5.21bc 5.08cd 6.80ab 9.50bc 1.01ab 491.12ab 41.00ab 5.08cd 5.80a 7.20a 12.50a 1.12ab 522.24a 43.33a 5.80a 5.30bc 6.80ab 8.30cd 0.79cd 483.48ab 40.67b 5.30bc 4.90cde 6.70ab 8.90cd 0.52de 440.36bc 37.00c 4.90cde 4.71e 6.40b 6.80e 0.42e 332.28d 29.00e 4.71e
G -** - - - - -
Y - - - -
Note: * Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05); **: Necrotic plants;
3.4.2 Chlorophyll accumulation of Chrysanthemum leaves in MC system under different lighting conditions
(19)Graph 3.8 Chlorophyll accumulation of Chrysanthemum leaves in MC system under different lighting conditions after weeks of culture 3.4.3 Acclimatization and growth of chrysanthemum plants in MC system under different lighting conditions at greenhouse
Acclimatization and growth of Chrysanthemum plants in MC system under different lighting conditions at greenhouse were different Plants cultured on MC system under 30B + 70R were higher plant height compared to other lighting conditions week’s transferred into greenhouse (Graph 3.9)
Graph 3.9 Chrysanthemum plant height cultured on MC system under different lighting conditions transferred into week’s greenhouse
22.75c 20.75d 15.87f 22.79c 25.75a 28.19a 24.86bc 21.52d 17.34e
0
11.68c
13.17ab
8.97e
12.18bc 13.09 ab 13.56a
11.18d 12.49 bc
8.05e
0
0 10 15 20 25 30
FL B R 10B +
90R 20B + 80R 30B + 70R 40B + 60R 50B + 50R 60B + 40R G Y C hl orophy ll ( µ g/ g)
11.00de 11.32d 12.15c
13.67b 13.25b 14.67a 12.45c 11.86d 10.27e 12 16
FL B R 10B +
(20)3.5 Evaluate the effectiveness of microponic and MO 3.5.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of microponic and MO
After weeks of culture, the results showed that the growth of plants cultured on microponic system were higher compared to MO system (Table 3.10) In this study, changes in CO2 and O2
concentrations (%) were also recorded (Graph 3.10 3.11)
Table 3.10 The growth of Chrysanthemum plants cultured on microponic and MO after weeks of culture
Microponic1 MO2 Rate ½ (fold) Plant height (cm) 6.70 ± 0.04* 5.20 ± 0.06 1.29
No of roots 14.33 ± 0.51 13.00 ± 0.63 1.10 No of leaves 7.00 ± 0.32 7.00 ± 0.44 1.00 Root length (cm) 1.40 ± 0.04 1.16 ± 0.07 1.21 Leaf length (cm) 1.66 ± 0.40 1.39 ± 0.55 1.19 Leaf width (cm) 1.40 ± 0.63 1.18 ± 0.37 1.19 Fresh weight (mg) 580 ± 3.26 375 ± 6.61 1.55 Dry weight (mg) 34.33 ± 0.49 24.67 ± 0.51 1.39
Substrate Film nylon Agar -
Relative humidity (%) 65 – 70 90 – 95 1.36 – 1.39 Survival rate (%) 100 ± 0.00 85 ± 2.34 1.18 Culture condition Non-sterilizated Sterilizated -
(21)Graph 3.10 Changes in CO2 concentration (%) in microponic and MO systems after weeks of culture (data were recorded from end
of 13th to the end of 14th culture day)
Graph 3.11 Changes in O2 concentration (%) in microponic and MO systems after weeks of culture (data were recorded from end
of 13th to the end of 14th culture day) 340
308
285 264
255
333
385 379 375 375 377 387
0 100 200 300 400 500
6:00 10:00 14:00 18:00 22:00 6:00
C O 2 co nc en tr ati ons (ppm) Time (hour:minute) Micro-propagation Microponic
21.1 21.2
21.3
21.5
22.0
20.7
20.9 20.9 21.0 21.0
21.2 20.8 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5
6:00 10:00 14:00 18:00 22:00 6:00
(22)3.5.2 The effects of MC and MR systems on Chrysanthemum growth
After weeks of culture, the results were showed that the growth of plants cultured on MR were not significantly compared to MC (Table 3.11)
Table 3.11 The effects of MC and MR systems on Chrysanthemum growth after weeks of culture
Microponic systems MC MR1 MR2
Fresh weight (mg) 330.67c* 417.33a 390.67b Dry weight (mg) 28.00b 34.33a 31.67a Plant height (cm) 5.20b 5.96a 5.90a Root length (cm) 2.33a 2.45a 2.38a Survival rate (%) 100a 100a 100a
Note: * Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Duncan’s test (p-value ≤ 0.05).
3.6 Planting field trials of Chrysanthemum culture on microponic system in the nursery to flowering stage
(23)Graph 3.12 Plant height of in vitro and microponic plants transferred into greenhouse
Table 3.12 Developmental stages of microponic and MO plants transferred into greenhouse
Flower bud (week)
Remove all the sub-buds (week)
Bubding- flower (week)
Flowering bloom (week)
MO 12,91 ± 0,09* 13,94 ± 0,60 15,08 ± 0,56 16,77 ± 0,17
Microponic 12,11 ± 0,53 13,08 ± 0,06 14,08 ± 0,56 15,97 ± 0,72 Note: * The values represent the mean ± SE (t-test treatment in Duncan with statistically significant 95%)
Plants cultured on microponic system are uniform After weeks and weeks in the field, the plants are well adapted and growing fast After 12 weeks in the field, the chrysanthemum buds began to bud, which is similar to the results we were experiment in the
5.30 9.17 13.50
19.30
37.30
60.20
5.90
12.56
21.50
35.76
54.70
75.46
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10
Pla
nt
he
ig
ht
(c
m
)
(24)greenhouse By the 14th week the Chrysanthemum begins to bubding- flower and flowering bloom
Table 3.13 Comparison of the growth of Chrysanthemum cultured on microponic and MO systems in flowering period
MO Microponic
Plant height (cm) 76.17 ± 0.68* 86.13 ± 1.00 No of leaves 35.33 ± 1.03 37.00 ± 0.71 Leaf length (cm) 8.27 ± 0.09 8.33 ± 0.06 Leaf width (cm) 6.20 ± 0.03 6.43 ± 0.05 Stem diameter (mm) 6.67 ± 0.25 7.33 ± 0.25 No of flower 1.00 ± 0.00 1.00 ± 0.00 Flower diameter (cm) 7.27 ± 0.06 8.83 ± 0.02
Note: * The values represent the mean ± SE (t-test treatment in Duncan with statistically significant 95%)
Estimated cost for 600 seedlings (MR system)
Bảng 4.1 Estimated cost for 600 seedlings (MR and MO systems)
MO Microponic Cost change
(VND)
Medium (ml) 1.600 1.600
Sucrose (30
g/l) 30 × 1.6 = 48 g 960
Agar (8 g/l) × 1.6 = 12.8 g 4.736
Substrate 2.000
Saving electrical energy (%)
0 8.55% 51.300
Total cost
(VND) 600.000 545.004 54.996
Cost each
plant (VND) 1.000 908.34 91.66
(25)CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions
The research has set up a microponic systems with circular plastic and rectangular plastic boxes
Chrysanthemum shoots were pre-treated with 500 ppm IBA for 20 minutes for rooting ability as well as better growth after weeks of culture in a circular plastic box system containing 40 ml of medium ½MS, at the density of 15 stem cuttings per box with millipore membrane cap
Concentration of 7.5 ppm silver nanoparticles in microponic medium reduces the microbial content of the species of bacteria and species of fungi
Chrysanthemum shoots cultured in a microponic system with circular plastic box under the ratio of 70% Red LED and 30% Blue LED for optimal growth and acclimatization at the greenhouse
The MR1 (300 plants/box) and the MR2 (600 plants/box) systems yield uniform plants and good quality
Chrysanthemum plants cultured on the microponic system give the ability to flower faster than the MO for about a week and flowers with large flower size
Recommendations
Transfer of Chrysanthemum breeding by microponic method in large numbers to farmers