Từ vựng – ngữ nghĩa học – EN11

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Từ vựng – ngữ nghĩa học – EN11

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  • Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)

  • A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with………………..But unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme

  • Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the ultimate constituent element which remains ………………………………….. all functional and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis

  • The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme. Linguists to ……..or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek suffix – eme. (Cf. phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form

  • It may be easily ……………that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same

  • Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that most morphemes possess …………………………………………… we imply mainly the root-morphemes in such words

  • A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound or free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means that ………………forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free forms

  • Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the grammatical …………………… of language

  • According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes. …………………into prefixes, suffixes and infixes

  • A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because …………………………

  • It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance as ……………………..arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic system on the other

  • Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups, phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words

  • Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the ……………time

  • General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any particular language

  • An infix is ………………………….placed with in the word, like – n – in stand. The type is not productive

  • An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of speech it belongs. This holds true ………………i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots capable of producing new words, usually are

  • A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds. Ablaut is a term defining …………………..of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress interjections

  • Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau words” ………………..fragments of two or more words

  • A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and……….., cf. to hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep

  • Clipping is ……………………………….in English language which “economises” words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:

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