(Cậu ấy hoàn thành bài thi một cách nhanh chóng.) Ta thấy trạng từ chỉ cách thức “quickly” được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cụm động từ “finished his examination” và nó có thể đứng trước hoặc[r]
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Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh lớp Unit The Environment
A TÍNH TỪ & TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ
(Adjectives & Oder of adjectives)
I - ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Tính từ từ tính chất, đặc điểm người vật hay việc, thường dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ
Ví dụ:
- It is a good computer (Đó máy vi tính tốt.) - She has black eyes (Cơ có đơi mắt màu đen)
II - PHÂN LOẠI TÍNH TỪ
Có nhiều cách phân loại tính từ, dựa vào mục đích sử dụng ta chia tính từ làm hai loại:
1 Tính từ miêu tả ý kiến, quan điểm chủ quan(opinion)
Ví dụ:
- She is very kind (Cơ tốt bụng)
- She is an unrealiable person (Cô người không đáng tin tưởng.)
- > Đây ý kiến, quan điểm người nói đối tượng nói đến Đây ý kiến chủ quan, người khác có nhận xét khác đối tượng
2 Tính từ miêu tả đặc điểm thực tế (factual)
* Size (Kích cỡ): big, small, long, short,… Ví dụ:
- She has a long dress (Cơ có váy dài.) * Age (tuổi thọ): old, new, young, …
- His father looks very young (Bố cậu trơng trẻ.) * Shape (hình dạng): round, oval, square,…
- She has a round face (Cô có khn mặt trịn.) * Color (Màu sắc): yellow, black, white,…
- It is a black wallet (Đó ví màu đen.) * Origin (Nguồn gốc): Japanese, French,…
- It is a Japanese bag (Đó túi sản xuất Nhật.) * Material (chất liệu): wooden, woollen, plastic…
- It is a wooden house (Đó ngơi nhà làm gỗ.) * Purpose (mục đích): walking (shoes), sleeping (bag),… Ví dụ:
- I have just bought a pair of walking shoes (Tôi vừa mua đôi giày mới.)
III - VỊ TRÍ CỦA TÍNH TỪ TRONG CÂU
1 Tính từ đứng trước danh từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ: adj + N Ví dụ:
- She is a beautiful girl (Cô cô gái xinh đẹp.)
Ta thấy tính từ “beautiful” sử dụng trước danh từ “girl”, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ
(2)2 - It is getting dark (Trời tối dần.)
- It sounds interesting (Điều nghe thú vị đấy.)
3 Tính từ sau đại từ bất định (anyone, anything, someone, something,…) Ví dụ:
- Is there anything new? (Có điều khơng?)
4 Mơt số tính từ đứng trước danh từ: main, only, former, indoor, outdoor,…
Ví dụ:
- This is the main idea of the topic (Đây ý chủ đề này.) Ta KHƠNG nói: This idea is main
5 Một số tính từ sau động từ tình thái: afraid, asleep, alone, alive, alone,… Ví dụ:
She is asleep (Cơ ngủ.) KHƠNG nói: She is an asleep person
IV - TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ
Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose * Cách nhớ: “OSASCOMP ( Ông Sáu Ăn Súp Cua Ơng Mập Phì)
* Chú ý:
+ Thơng thường có tối đa BA tính từ đứng trước DANH TỪ Ví dụ:
- It is a beautiful long new dress (Đó váy dài đẹp.) Ta có: beautiful: tính từ ý kiến, nhận xét (opinion)
long: tính từ kích thước (size) new: tính từ tuổi thọ (Age)
- She has bought a square white Japanese cake (Cô mua bánh Nhật màu trắng hình vng.)
Ta có:
square: tính từ hình dạng (shape) white: tính từ màu sắc (color)
Japanese: tính từ nguồn gốc (origin)
+ Ta dùng “and” để nối hay nhiều tính từ loại Ví dụ:
- It is a black and white television (Đó ti vi đen trắng.) Ta thấy “black” “white” hai tính từ màu sắc
+ Ta sử dụng “but” để nối hai tính từ thể đối lập Ví dụ:
- It is a cheap but interesting book (Đó sách rẻ tiền thú vị.) + Khi nói kích thước ta sử dụng tính từ chiều dài đứng trước tính từ chiều rộng
Ví dụ:
- It is a long large road (Đó đường dài rộng.)
Ta thấy “long” tính từ chiều dài “large” tính từ chiều rộng
B TRẠNG TỪ
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I - ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Trạng từ từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ hay trạng từ khác Ví dụ:
- She looks very attractive (Cô trông quyến rũ.)
Ta thấy “very” trạng từ, đứng trước tính từ “attractive” để bổ nghĩa cho tính từ - He runs quite quickly (Anh chạy nhanh.)
Ta thấy “quite” “quickly” trạng từ Trong “quickly” trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ “run” (chạy - > chạy nhanh), “quite” trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ “quickly” (nhanh - > nhanh)
II - CÁC LOẠI TRẠNG TỪ
Dựa vào mục đích ta chia trạng từ làm loại:
1 Trạng từ cách thức (adverbs of manner): Chỉ cách thức hành động, hoạt động xảy như: angrily (một cách giận dữ), slowly (một cách chậm chạp), interestingly (một cách thú vị),…
Ví dụ:
- My father looked at me anrily (Bố tơi nhìn cách giận dữ.)
Trạng từ “angrily” trạng từ cách thức bổ nghĩa cho cụm động từ “looked at me”(nhìn tơi - > nhìn tơi cách giận dữ.)
2 Trạng từ nơi chốn (adverbs of place): Chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn xảy hành động, hoạt động như: here (ở đây), there (ở đó), …
Ví dụ:
- I have lived here for a long time (Tôi sống lâu rồi.)
Ta có “here” trạng từ nơi chốn, địa điểm xảy hoạt động “sống” (sống đâu - > sống đây.)
3 Trạng từ thời gian (adverbs of time): Chỉ thời gian, thời điểm xảy hành động, hoạt động như: yesterday, last week, last month, …
Ví dụ:
- My sister came home late yesterday (Hôm qua, chị nhà muộn.)
Ta thấy “hôm qua” trạng từ thời gian, thời điểm xảy việc “về nhà muộn” (Về nhà muộn - > nhà muộn hôm qua.)
4 Trạng từ tần suất (adverbs of frequency): Chỉ tuần suất xảy hành động, hoạt động như:
- always (luôn luôn) - usually (thường thường) - often (thường)
- sometimes (thỉnh thoảng) - seldom (hiếm khí)
- rarely (hiếm khi)
- never (khơng bao giờ)… Ví dụ:
I seldom cook meals (Tôi nấu ăn.)
Ta thấy trạng từ “seldom” tần suất hoạt động “nấu ăn”
(4)4 - completely/ absolutely (hoàn toàn, cách hoàn chỉnh),
- extremely (vô ) - very (rất)
- quite (khá)
- fairly (tương đối) - a little/ a bit (một chút) - hardly (hầu khơng) Ví dụ:
- I have finished my work completely (Tơi hồn thành cơng việc cách hoàn chỉnh)
Ta thấy trạng từ “completely” mức độ hồn thành cơng việc 100%
III - VỊ TRÍ CỦA TRẠNG TỪ TRONG CÂU
Trạng từ đứng đầu câu, đứng câu đứng cuối câu
- Last year I went to HCM city to visit my friends (Năm ngối tơi tới thành phố HCM để thăm bạn tôi.)
- She often goes to school at 30 a m (Cô thường học vào lúc giờ.)
- My family went to Nha Trang yesterday (Gia đình tơi tới Nha Trang ngày hơm qua.)
1 Vị trí trạng từ cách thức câu:
* Đứng trước đứng sau động từ/ cụm động từ mà bổ nghĩa Ví dụ:
- He finished his examination quickly (Cậu hồn thành thi cách nhanh chóng.) - He quickly finished his examination (Cậu hoàn thành thi cách nhanh chóng.) Ta thấy trạng từ cách thức “quickly” dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cụm động từ “finished his examination” đứng trước đứng sau cụm từ mà bổ nghĩa
Exercises: Tiếng Anh lớp Unit The Environment
I From each number, pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1 A happy B hour C high D hotel
2 A so B coat C note D bottom
3 A put B luck C lung D drunk
4 A bare B car C card D farm
5 A come B love C women D some A many B make C fate D pain A heat B sweat C threat D thread A climb B dictionary C economic D six
9 A beg B age C gather D guess
10 A children B choose C child D mechanic
(5)5 A garbage B junkyard C protect D treasure
2 A collected B published C protected D provided A recycle B refreshment C creatures D reuse
4 A limitation B intermediate C desforestation D disappointed A garbage B problem C solution D sewage
III Choose the word or the phrase or sentence that best completes each unfinished sentence below or that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase
1 _ air is one of the many problems we have to solve A Pure B Polluted C Dust D Pleasant
2 I’ll be in trouble if I _my passport
A lose B will lose C lost D would lose
3 We can eat at home or, you prefer, we can go to a restaurant A when B whether C if D which
4 If it is raining this evening, I _
A will go out B don’t go out C go out D won’t go out Minh’s English is excellent He speaks
A perfectly English B English perfectlyC perfect English D English perfect
6 I’m disappointed _ people have spoiled this area A that B when C if D how
7 He to find a job but he had no luck
A hardly tried B hard tried C tried hardly D tried hard We couldn’t go on a picnic as planned it was raining A however B but C because D so
9 If he hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow?
A works B will work C worked D would work 10 we were tired, we sat down beside the stream
A Because of B If C As D And 11 He _to find a job, but he had no luck
A tried hard B hardly tried C tried hardly D try hardly 12 Solar energy doesn’t cause
A pollution B polluted C pollute D pollutant 13 Are you lookingh forward _ my letter?
A to see B to seeing C saw D seeing 14 " _” means a piece of land full of rubbish
A junkyard B treasure C hedge D stream 15 Dynamite _ many years ago
A has invented B invented C was invented D were invented 16 Mary said to me "can you speak English?”
(6)6 She asked me _
A if I can speak English B if I could speak English C If can I speak English D If I could speak English? 17 I live very far from school I wish
A I lived far from school B I lived close to school
C I live near the school now D I don’t live very far from school 18 If he hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow? A works B will work C worked D would worked 19 Because there _ no buses, we had to take a taxi
A are B is C was D were 20 We plan to this Saturday
A go hiked B go hiking C go to hike D go hike 21 I’ll have to buy a map _ I don’t know this area
A if B because C when D because of 22 It is recommended that he this course
A took B take C take D taking 23 He’s running so fast I catch up with him
A cannot hardly B can hardly C not hardly D could hardly 24 It is important that he _ take the final examination
A has to B have to C had to D having to
25 I will be if she manages to sell that motorbike at a high price A surprised B surprise C surprising D to surprise
26 Unless you understand I explain it again to you A am B was C will D would
27 If you know where she lives, please let me A know B knew C known D to know' 28 If he a student, he will get a discount A were B was C were D will be
29 you are interested in this film, don't go to see it at any cost A Unless B If C Because D So
30 If you like that book l will give it you as my present A to B from C at D for
31 If you are busy, we this by ourselves A will B did C would D doing 32 How about dinner with us on Sunday? A to have B have C have had D having
33 My brother is very fond of to pop and rock music A listen B to listen C listening D listens
34 Life today is very different life 50 years ago A to B from C with D at
35 My uncle is a He often does research in his laboratory A science B scientist C scientific D scientists
(7)7 37 John goes to his office every day except Sunday Sundays he stays at home A On B At C In D From
38 I hope the weather will be nice the weekend A in B to C at D between
39 Would you like to a party on Saturday? A come B coming C to come D will come 40 Helen is always in the kitchen She enjoys A cook B to cook C cooks D cooking
41 People wanted to see the opening of the ceremony, _they started leaving very early in the morning
A because B so C but D and
42 Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing work A at B in C to D with
43 He with friends in an apartment in HCMC since last week A living B has lived C lived D live
44 My mother said she busy then A was B is C is being D being
45 My village lies near the of the mountain and by the river A leg B foot C feet D legs
46 If you don’t study hard , you the exam A failed B will fail C fail D have failed 47 It is Saturday , ?
A is it B it isn’t C isn’t it D wasn’t it 48 She said that she learning English with you A like B liked C liking D to like
49 They their home village last Sunday
A visit B visited C was visiting D were visiting 50 He was born March 25 , 1992
A at B on C in D for
Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp Unit
I CONNECTIVES: AND, BUT, BECAUSE, OR, SO, THEREFORE, HOWEVER CÁC TỪ NỐI: VÀ, NHƯNG, BỞI VÌ, HOẶC, CHO NÊN, DO ĐĨ, TUY NHIÊN Connectives (các từ nối): and, but, because, or, so, therefore, however có chức nối từ, mệnh đề, câu lại với
1 And (và): dùng để thêm thơng tin vào câu nói
EX: My hobbies are playing soccer and listening to music But (nhưng): dùng để nêu lên hai thông tin đối ngược EX: I want other car but I have no money
3 Or (hoặc): dùng để giới thiệu khả khác EX: Would you like tea or coffee?
4 So (do đó, cho nên, vậy): dùng để kết quả, hệ quả, phía trước so ln có dấu phẩy ngăn cách
(8)8 Because (bởi vì): dùng để ngun nhân, ln đứng trước mệnh đề phụ thuộc
EX: I failed in my exam because I didn’t study
6 Therefore (do đó, cho nên): dùng để nêu lên kết việc nhắc đến câu trước
EX: I passed the test; therefore, my parents took me to the circus
7 However (tuy nhiên): dùng để giới thiệu việc có ý nghĩa trái ngược với việc nhắc trước
EX: I feel sleepy, however, I must finish the report
II Cụm động từ (phrasal verb) cách dùng
1 Định nghĩa
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs) kết hợp động từ từ nhỏ (particle) Từ nhỏ, particle(s), trạng từ (adverb), giới từ (preposition), hai:
Ex: The rich man gave away most of his fortune
(Người giàu có tặng hầu hết tài sản ông ta cho người nghèo.) Cách dùng
PHRASAL VERBS CÓ THỂ ĐĨNG VAI TRỊ là:
– Ngoại động từ (transitive): theo sau danh từ đại danh từ với chức túc từ (object) động từ
– Nội động từ (intransitive): khơng có túc từ theo sau
NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ: Intransitive phrasal verbs
– Khơng có túc từ – động từ particle (thường trạng từ- adverb) sát nhau: Ex: The magazine Time comes out once a week
(Báo Time phát hành tuần lần.)
Ex: Our car broke down and had to be towed to a garage (Xe bị hư phải kéo chỗ sửa.)
– Cũng nội động từ thường, khơng có túc từ theo, loại phrasal verb không dùng thể thụ động (passive) nên bạn khơng nghe dân xứ nói “Our car was broken down ”, “ The magazine Time is come out ”
– Một số intransitive phrasal verbs thông dụng: break down, come back, fall through, get by, get up, go on, grow up, look out, show up, shut up, sit down, stand up, stay on, take off, turn up, watch out
NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ: Transitive phrasal verbs
Được chia làm HAI NHÓM, tùy theo vị trí túc từ:
– NHĨM 1: động từ ‘particle’ sau ‘particle’: Ex: I took my shoes off./ I took off my shoes
(Tôi cởi giầy ra.)
Ex: He admitted he’d made up the whole thing./ He admitted he’d made the whole thing up
(Anh ta thú nhận bịa chuyện.)
– NHÓM 2: Nhưng túc từ đại danh từ (những chữ this, that, it, them,me,her him đại danh từ đứng động từ ‘particle’:
Ex: I took them off (NOT I took off them)
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NGOẠI LỆ:
Có nhiều phrasal verbs vừa transitive intransitive Ngữ cảnh cho biết chức với nghĩa chúng:
Ex: The plane took off at seven o’clock (Máy bay cất cánh lúc giờ.)
– He took off his hat and bowed politely as the teacher passed (Nó cất mũ cúi chào lễ phép thầy ngang.)
– I am taking this Friday off to get something done around the house (Tôi nghỉ thứ sáu để làm việc nhà)
– He’s been taken off the medication (Nó vừa ngừng uống thuốc.)
– Son takes off his English teacher perfectly (Sơn bắt chước ông thầy người Anh tài.)
III MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa lời đề nghị) LET’S + V + O/ A
g.: Let’s go swimming (Chúng ta bơi đi.) SHALL WE + V + O/A?
Eg.: Shall we eat out this evening? (Tôi ăn tiệm đi.) Shall we help that old man? (Chúng ta giúp đỡ ông cụ nhé?) HOW/ WHAT ABOUT + gerund/ Noun?
Eg.: What about going out for dinner? (Chúng ta ăn tối tiệm đi?)
How about a game of badminton? (Chúng ta chơi ván cầu lông đi?) WHY DON’T WE + V + O/ A?
Eg.: Why don't we go to the movies? (Chúng ta xem phim đi?) Để trả lời cho câu đề nghị, dùng :
Đồng ý: - Yes, let’s - OK Good idea - Great Go ahead - Sounds interesting Không đồng ý: - No, let's not
- I don’t think it’s a good idea - No Why don’t we + V .?
Ở này, đưa lời đề nghị với động từ SUGGEST Is + suggest + gerund + O/A
Eg.: I suggest going swimming (Tôi đề nghị bơi ) Tom suggested playing badminton
S + suggest + that + s + should + V ………… Eg.: They suggest that everyone should save electricity
People suggested that the government should improve the education system Chủ ý:
- Từ “THAT” mẫu câu không bỏ
(10)10 The toacher suggests that Bill a lot of exercises
Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp Unit Saving Energy
I Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest
1 A compare B area C many D stamp
2 A model B solid C solar D profitable A bulb B consumer C plumber D luxury A chopstick B scheme C champagne D chair A recent B efficient C faucet D receive II Choose the words that has a different stress pattern from the others A account B compare C conserve D chopstick A faucet B hobby C household D install A communicate B effectively C efficiency D innovation A innovation B separation C installation D environment A economic B limitation C reputation D infrastructure III Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 We decided not to go out for meal _ we were too tired A but B because C so D and
2 My shoes are dirty I'd better take them before I come in A aways B up C on D off
3 If you want to save money, you should he amount of water your family uses A increase B reduce C adapt D repair
4 Who is going to your children when you're at work? A look for B look up C look after D look out Mary's eyes are weak, , she has to wear glasses A but B however C and D therefore
6 If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest _ the manufacturer directly A contact B contacting C to contact D be contacted
7 Our energy will soon come to an end if we don't it A use B save C spend D take
8 The children like to put _- nice clothes when they go out A in B off C into D on
9 I like bananas, my brother doesn't
A because B but C and D even though 10 Please turn the gas I want to cook my lunch A over B on C in D over
(11)11 A in B for C up D off
13 Can you turn the light? It's too dark A on B off C in D for
14 What are you looking ? My picture book I've lost it A for B off C in D on
15 There are saving methods and inventions to use solar energy A energy B energize C energetic D energetics 16 I had to pay much money this month for the international A calls B calling C W call D called
17 A new air-conditioner will be this morning
A installed B to install C installing D to install
18 Scientists are looking for an way to reduce energy consumption A effective B affection C effect D effectively
19 We can easily in the daylight
A read B to read C reading D readed 20 She won't take all these suitcases she likes to travel light A because B but C so D therefore
21 They are completely short of water now A number of people have died because of this
A shortage B short C shorten D shortly 22 She is very tired , she has to finish her homework A however B so C and D moreover 23 Is he an actor singer?
A or B and C with D so
24 He's tired he took a rest before continuing the work A so B and C but D if
25 She forgot off the gas before going out A turning B turn C to turn D turned
26 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood A saving B to save C save D saved
27 Who looks your children when you are away from home? A after B at C for D to
29 We decided not to go out for meal we were too tired A but B because C so D and
30 My shoes are dirty I'd better take them I come in A away B up C on D off
31 If you want to save money, you should the amount of water your family uses A increase B reduce C adapt D prepair
32 In order to save electricity, an ordinary 100-watt light bulb can be replaced by A a 1000-watt light B a lamp C an electric bulb D an energy-saving bulb 33 Who is going to your children when you're at work?
A look for B look up C look after D look out 34 Mary's eyes are weak, , she has to wear glasses
(12)12 35 If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest the manufacturer directly
A contact B to contact C contacting D be contacted 36 put on the guests on the first floor?
A Why don't we B I suggest C How about D Let's 37 My mother has just bought a house _ is full of roses
A whose garden B the garden C the garden of it D the garden whose 38: Today young generation is still fond wearing jeans
A about B with C of D on
39 Lan dropped his watch when he was the bus
A turning off B getting off C taking off D going off
Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Unit
RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
1 Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ:
Mệnh đề (Clause) phần câu, bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc câu Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ danh từ đứng trước
Xét ví dụ sau:
The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend
Trong câu phần viết chữ nghiêng gọi relative clause, đứng sau “the woman” dùng để xác định danh từ Nếu bỏ mệnh đề có câu hồn chỉnh:
The woman is my girlfriend
2 Các dạng mệnh đề Quan hệ
A Relative Pronouns - Đại từ quan hệ
Đại từ quan hệ
Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
Who Làm chủ ngữ, đại diện ngơi người I told you about the woman
who lives next door
which Làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ, đại diện đồ vật, động vật
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
(13)13 Bổ sung cho câu đứng trước surprised me
whose Chỉ sở hữu cho người vật Do you know the boy
whose mother is a nurse?
whom Đại diện cho tân ngữ người I was invited by the
professor whom I met at the conference
That Đại diện cho chủ ngữ người, vật, đặc biệt mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which có thê sử dụng được)
I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen
Mệnh đề quan hệ - Relative Clauses
Mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng anh (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước
Các đại từ quan hệ:
1 WHO:
- làm chủ từ mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay cho danh từ người
● N (person) + WHO + V + O
2 WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay cho danh từ người
● N (person) + WHOM + S + V
3 WHICH:
- làm chủ từ túc từ mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay cho danh từ vật
● N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
● N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
(14)14 - thay cho vị trí who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- sau hình thức so sánh
- sau từ: only, the first, the last
- danh từ trước bao gôm người vật
- sau đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met
It was the first time that I heard of it
These books are all that my sister left me
She talked about the people and places that she had visited
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- sau giới từ
5 WHOSE: dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật, thường thay cho từ: her, his, their, hình thức ‘s
N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V
Các trạng từ quan hệ
1 WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason
N (reason) + WHY + S + V
Ex: I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school
2 WHERE: thay từ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
(15)15 (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean We stayed t that hotel
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean
3 WHEN: thay từ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
N (time) + WHEN + S + V
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
I don’t know the time She will come back then → I don’t know the time when she will come back
Cách làm tập mệnh đề quan hệ
III Các loại Mệnh đề quan hệ
Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, câu khơng đủ nghĩa Nó sử dụng danh từ danh từ không xác định khơng dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng hạn định (Non-defining relative clauses): mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin người, vật việc xác định Mệnh đề không xác định mệnh đề khơng thiết phải có câu, khơng có câu đủ nghĩa Nó sử dụng danh từ danh từ xác định ngăn cách với mệnh đề hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-)
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful (Non-defining relative clause)
Note: để biết dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa danh từ riêng
(16)16 - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa la danh từ với this , that, these, those
* Một số lưu ý mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ giới từ đặt trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom which.)
Ex: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year
→ Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher
→ Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher
2 Có thể dùng which thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad
3 Ở vị trí túc từ, whom thay who
Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party
4 Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ:whom, which
Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend The book you lent me was very interesting
5 Các cụm từ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … dùng trước whom, which whose
Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her
Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm phân từ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that rút gọn thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) khứ phân từ (V3/ed)
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề chủ động rút thành cụm phân từ (V-ing)
a/ The man who is standing over there is my father
→ The man standing over there is my father
(17)17 → The couple living next door to me are professors
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề bị động rút thành cụm khứ phân từ (V3/ed) Ví dụ:
a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important
→ The instructions given on the front page are very important
b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) trước đại từ quan hệ có cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặchình thức so sánh bậc Ví dụ
a/ John was the last person that got the news
→ John was the last person to get the news
b/ He was the best player that we admire
→ He was the best player to be admired
c/ He was the second man who was killed in this way
→ He was the second man to be killed in this way
Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp Unit Celebrations
I Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest
1 A received B washed C asked D laughed A state B statue C station D stay A happen B event C chicken D children A east B seat C great D meat
5 A angry B art C large D hard
II Choose the words that has a different stress pattern from the others A chemical B alcohol C document D determine
7 A contaminate B artificial C intelligent D encouragement A slavery B compliment C distinguish D excellent A celebration B activity C receive D parade
(18)18 11 A satisfied B wedding C special D express
12 A Jewish B although C together D important 13 A priority B federation C inspiration D interactive 14 A charity B energy C separate D pollution III Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences Nobody knows what the _of the explosion
A source B cause C reaction D reason The police are looking for a man of _ height A medium B extra C tall D special I don't suppose you like pineapples, _? A do! B you C don't I D don't you Let's wait until the rain _
A stops B will stop C has stopped D is stopping Working for 12 hours a day _her very tired
A makes B made C make D making I am right, _?
A am not I B don't I C aren't I D am I I don't like hunting - _
A Either I B I do, too C Neither I D I don't neither _my hat of the peg, I went out of the room
A Take B Taking C Taken D Took I'd prefer to stay at home tonight _ to the cinema A rather than go B rather than would go
C rather than will go D rather than went 10 "Do you mind if I smoke?"
A I'd not rather you B I'd rather you won't C I'd rather you don't D I'd rather you didn't 11 I remember _ them somewhere in the city A to see B saw C seen D seeing
12 The _ were told to fasten their scat belts as the plane began its descent A customers B riders C passengers D flyers
13 I can _ with most things but I cannot stand noisy children A put up B put on C put aside D put off
14 It is _ to wear jeans at a funeral
A ridicule B ridiculed C ridiculous D ridiculing 15 It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher _ A attentive B attentively C attention D attend 16 My father sometimes _ the washing up after dinner A washes B takes C makes D does
17 I like my work because I have the _ to make my own decision A freed B freedom C freely D free
18 Our company believes it is the best _ to handle the account
(19)19 A which B whom C when D who
20 Tet is a Vietnamese festival takes place in late January and February A which B who C when D whose
21 The little girl is wearing the red dress sings beautifully A which B who C when D whom
22 Thu enjoyed her trip to Dalat her grandparent lived long ago A which B where C when D who
23 Lan's parents came back to Hanoi _ they visited last year A Which B where C when D who
24 They like Asian food _ is sold in that market A Who B which C where D whose
25 Their aunt is the old lady _You met in front of her house A whom B which C when D whose
26 The beach _ the students are cleaning up the trash is a beautiful one A where B which C who D whom
27 The parrot _ can speak some words belongs to my close friends A.who B which C whom D whom
28 This is the best movie _I have seen A that B which C who D whom
29 He enjoys reading books _ are on computer science A who B which C whom D whose
30 Mother's day is the day _ the children show their love to their mothers A when B which C that D where
31 Ha Long Bay is a beautiful spot _ thousands of tourists visit every year A where B which C that D whom
32 The students _ are standing in front of the library is my classmates A who B which C whom D whose
33 Hoa's parents _ are farmers work very hard to earn their living A who B.whom C which D where
34 The children like play football _is very popular in our country A who B which C whom D what
35 these are the latest news _ you might want to know A that B which C whom D who
36 Ba and his friends are fond of the performing animals have just come to town A which B who C whom D what
37 Independence Day is a great holiday _ people hang up the national flag outside every household
A which B when C where D who
38 These kids kept talking about the show _they saw on television last night A which B whom C who D where
39 They decided to go out _ it rained heavily A but B and C although D so
(20)20 A even though B but C and D so
41 Lan practices speaking English everyday, she felt shy and timid when meeting the foreigners
A And B But C Although D therefore
42 the teacher remind her not to talk so much in class, she kept on doing that A Although B But C and D so
43 _ the weather was so bad, they set off for their trip A Although B But C And D however
44 Her father enjoys films _ her mother fond of plays A although B but C and D also
45 Lan wanted to watch the parade in Hanoi on the Independence Day _ she wasn't there then
A but B therefore C though D so
46 The students wanted to continue their work _ it got darker and darker A although B but C and D therefore
47 His mother is short his sister is tall
A although B but C and D therefore
48 _ their parents allowed them to go on a camping trip, they don't want to join it A Even though B But C And D however
49 Can you tell me the reasons for _ the Mother's day? A celebrating B celebration C celebrate D celebrated 50 We think that Mother's day should be celebrated _ A nationhood B nationwide C nationally D nation
Tiếng Anh Lớp – Unit 9: Natural Disasters
A- Chủ điểm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Lớp – Unit 9: Natural Disasters: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (tt)
Các đại từ quan hệ: – WHO
Who đại từ quan hệ dùng để người, đứng sau danh từ người để làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau
Ví dụ:
The man who is standing in front of you is Batman (Người đàn ông đứng trước mặt bạn Batman)
– WHICH
Which đại từ quan hệ vật, đứng sau danh từ vật để làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau
Ví dụ:
This is the book which I like the best (Đây sách mà tơi thích nhất.)
– Tương tự whom, mệnh đề cần mệnh đề quan hệ với which để bổ nghĩa xác định, which lược bỏ
(21)21
This is the book I like the best (Đây sách mà tơi thích nhất.)
– THAT
That đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật Hơn nữa, that dùng thay cho who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Ví dụ:
This is the book that (which) I like the best (Đây sách mà thích nhất.)
My father is the person that (who/whom) I respect the most (Ba người mà kính trọng nhất.)
That dùng để thay cho cụm lẫn người vật; sau đại từ everything, something, anything, all, little, much, none sau so sánh
Ví dụ:
I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park
(Tơi thấy gái chó chạy cơng viên.) → That dùng để thay cho cụm ‘a girl and her dog’
She is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met
(Cô người phụ nữ tốt mà gặp.)
B- Chủ điểm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Lớp – Unit 9: Natural Disasters: CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề cần thiết dùng để xác định cho tiền ngữ trước nó, thiếu mệnh đề quan hệ xác định câu khơng đủ nghĩa
Ví dụ:
The man who teaches English is Mr Superman (Người đàn ông dạy tiếng Anh Mr Superman.)
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:
– Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định mệnh đề khơng cần thiết tiền ngữ đủ nghĩa xác định Thiếu mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định câu đủ nghĩa
– Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định phân cách với mệnh đề (,) – Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta khơng dùng that
Ví dụ:
Superman, who saved the world, is from another planet (Siêu nhân, người cứu giới, đến từ hành tinh khác.)
Cấu trúc When + (simple past), + (simple past)
When + (simple past), + (simple past)
Cấu trúc dùng để diễn tả hai hành động xảy liên tiếp, hành động vừa dứt hành động khác xảy
Ví dụ:
A large number of people were killed when homes, office blocks and highways collapsed (Nhiều người mạng văn phòng, nhà cửa đường xá sụp đổ)
(22)22 Choose the word that has different pronunciation from that of the others:
1 A grandma B disaster C match D damage A weather B meat C between D beat A volume B thunder C result D number
Choose the word that has different stress from that of the others: A disaster B nature C thunderstorm D tropical
5 A sunny B highland C typhoon D flashlight Choose A, B, C or D to complete the sentences:
6 A(n) is a very heavy fall of snow, usually with a strong wind A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
7 A(n) is a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
8 A(n) is a mountain with a large opening or openings through which gases and lava erupt
A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
9 A(n) is a violent tropical storm with very strong wind occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans
A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
10 is the atmosphericcondition at a particular place and time, such as the temperature, and if there is wind, rain, sun, etc
A Climate B Temperature C Degree D Weather
11 is the regular pattern of the weather conditions of a particular place A Climate B Temperature C Degree D Weather
12 A is violently destructive windstormwhich move in a circle A tidal wave B tornado C famine D flood
13 A is a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry A tidal wave B tornado C famine D flood
14 A is a great destructive ocean wave caused by a storm or an earthquake A tidal wave B tornado C famine (hunger) D flood
15 The report that prices will rise by 3% next month A tells B speaks C talks D forecasts
16 The old man you wanted to see was away on holiday yesterday A who B whom C whose D which
17 Miss Lien, sings very well, is my English teacher A who B whom C whose D which 18 Everything he said was true
A who B whom C whose D that 19 Where is the cheese was in the fridge? A who B whom C whose D which
20 We’d like to travel to a city there is a lot of sightseeing A whose B when C where D why
(23)23
Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Bài 10
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI VÀ Câu điều kiện loại I
- Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực - Điều kiện xảy tương lai
Cấu trúc - Công thức câu điều kiện loại
If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu)
Ví dụ: If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you If it is sunny, I will go fishing
Câu điều kiện loại II
- Câu điều kiện loại II gọi câu điều kiện khơng có thực
- Điều kiện xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng
Bài tập trắc nghiệm môn tiếng Anh lớp Unit 10
Choose A, B,C or D to complete the following sentences UFOs are strange objects
A playing B flying C doing D learning A person who flies a plane is called a _
A sailor B driver C pilot D soldier
3 In 1952, there were more than 1,500 UFO sightings _ the world A round B around C on D over
4 In 1964, he claimed he saw an/ a _ object in one of his fields A egg- shaped B shaped C eggs-shaped D shaped-eggs Good evening, welcome to our Science For Program A Fun B Funny C Funnily D Funniest He is an _ pilot
A experient B experiment C experience D experienced Many reports in newspapers talked about the _of UFOs A appear B appearance C appeared D appearing The story about UFOs caught the _ of the whole class
A imagine B imaginative C imaginatively D imagination Most of films are produced for
A entertain B entertainment C entertained D entertaining 10 We can see the micro organism with a
A camera B telescope C glasses D microscope 11 If he were rich, he travel around the world
A will B would C can D must
12 Mai could play the piano beautifully if she a piano If + S + V / V(s/es), S + will + V ………
If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would / could + V………
(24)24 A owed B owes C owned D owns
13 He said that he met a alien from space A in B above C out D outer
14 Scientists say that if people see a UFO, it _be a spacecraft A will B might C is D was
15 Where you go if you have a car?
A will B are C would D were 16 You will fail the exam, you study harder A as B if C unless D although 17 If I _ a bird, I would be a dove
A are B were C am D is 18 If today _ Sunday, we _ to the beach
A is/ would go B were/ would go C will be/ will go D were/ will go 19 If it _ this morning, I will not go out
A rain B rained C rains D raining 20 Nobody hates you! It’s all in your _
A imagine B imaginary C imagining D imagination
Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) that is the same meaning with the italic sentence
1 I am poor, so I can’t buy a car
A If I am rich, I can buy a car B If I were rich, I can buy a car C If I were rich, I could buy a car D If I were rich, I will buy a car Water these plants or they will die
A If you did not water these plants, they will die B If you water these plants, they will die
C If you don’t water these plants, they will die D If you are watering these plants, they will die
3 Where is Lan? - Perhaps she is working
A She may be working B She can be working C She must be working D She will be working Nam will probably be there
A Nam is there B Nam might be there C Nam must be there D Nam mightn’t be there He is too short to play basketball
A If he were not short, he could play basketball B If he is not short, he could play basketball
C If he were not short, he will play basketball D If he were short, he could play basketball
6 I want to meet Nga, but I don’t have her address
A If I had Nga’s address, I would meet her B If I have Nga’s address, I would meet her
C If I had Nga’s address, I will meet her D B and C are correct She goes to school late because she lives very far from school
(25)25 B Unless she lived far from school, she would go to school late