Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Objectives By the end of this chapter you will be able to… • Explain what research is, • Understand the basics of research theory, • Understand the critical difference between books and [r]
How to Write a Research Paper Simon Kendal Download free books at Simon Kendal How to Write a Research Paper Download free eBooks at bookboon.com How to Write a Research Paper 1st edition © 2015 Simon Kendal & bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-403-1069-6 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com How to Write a Research Paper Contents Contents Foreword 13 Just What is ‘Research’ Anyway? 15 1.1 Research – A Common Misunderstanding 16 1.2 What is Research? 18 1.3 What is Knowledge? 20 1.4 A Simplified Scientific Process 21 1.5 A Hypothesis…a Testable Theory 24 1.6 The Differences between Research Papers and Books 25 1.7 Research Papers are Scary 27 1.8 The Differences Continued 28 1.9 Good Quality Sources 30 1.10 Research Sources Ranked in Decreasing Order of Quality 33 1.11 How You Demonstrate the Use of Good Quality Sources 34 1.12 How to Write a Research Paper 36 1.13 Summary 46 www.sylvania.com We not reinvent the wheel we reinvent light Fascinating lighting offers an infinite spectrum of possibilities: Innovative technologies and new markets provide both opportunities and challenges An environment in which your expertise is in high demand Enjoy the supportive working atmosphere within our global group and benefit from international career paths Implement sustainable ideas in close cooperation with other specialists and contribute to influencing our future Come and join us in reinventing light every day Light is OSRAM Download free eBooks at bookboon.com Click on the ad to read more How to Write a Research Paper Contents Research – Changing our World 47 2.1 Researchers Change the World 48 2.2 Astronomy Research 49 2.3 Business Research 49 2.4 Computing Research 50 2.5 Construction Research 51 2.6 Engineering Research 52 2.7 Environmental Research 53 2.8 Humanities Research 54 2.9 Medical Research 55 2.10 Military Research 56 2.11 Psychology Research 57 2.12 Science Research (Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics) 57 2.13 Robotics Research 58 2.14 Space, Aircraft and Automotive Research 2.15 Sports Research 2.16 Technology Research 2.17 Your Contribution to a Changing World 360° thinking 360° thinking 59 60 61 61 360° thinking Discover the truth at www.deloitte.ca/careers © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities Discover the truth at www.deloitte.ca/careers Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities Discover the truth at www.deloitte.ca/careers Click on the ad to read more Download free eBooks at bookboon.com © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities Dis How to Write a Research Paper Contents Finding Research Papers 63 3.1 An Unexpected Starting Point 64 3.2 Choosing a General Topic for your Research Paper 67 3.3 Tools for Finding Research Papers 70 3.4 Learning How to Find Research Papers 75 3.5 How to Find a Coherent Set of Research Papers 82 3.6 Choosing a Title for Your Research Paper 87 3.7 Choosing a Title for a Dissertation Research Chapter 89 3.8 Other Resource Discovery Services such as the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) 90 3.9 Summary 91 Research Methodology 92 4.1 Research…an analogy 94 4.2 Scientific Method 95 4.3 Scientific Principles 96 4.4 Controlled Experiments 97 4.5 Empirical Research 98 4.6 Basic Research Criteria 100 4.7 Basic Research vs Applied Research 101 We will turn your CV into an opportunity of a lifetime Do you like cars? Would you like to be a part of a successful brand? We will appreciate and reward both your enthusiasm and talent Send us your CV You will be surprised where it can take you Download free eBooks at bookboon.com Send us your CV on www.employerforlife.com Click on the ad to read more How to Write a Research Paper Contents 4.8 Qualitative vs Quantitative Research 104 4.9 Project Types 104 4.10 Alternatives to Laboratory Based Experiments 107 4.11 Data used to Generate a Hypothesis Cannot be Used to Verify the Hypothesis 109 4.12 Testing the Null Hypothesis 111 4.13 Testing Our Understanding of the Concepts 113 4.14 Flawed Research 116 4.15 Summary 117 5 Analysing the Contents of a Research Paper 119 5.1 Understanding What a Research Paper Looks Like 120 5.2 Not All Research Papers Are The Same… 130 5.3 Summary 134 6 Designing and Running Experiments 136 6.1 What Role Experiments Play in Research? 138 6.2 Definition of an Experiment 139 6.3 Designing an Experiment 140 6.4 Setting up an Experiment 141 6.5 Recording the Results 142 I joined MITAS because I wanted real responsibili� I joined MITAS because I wanted real responsibili� Real work International Internationa al opportunities �ree wo work or placements �e Graduate Programme for Engineers and Geoscientists Maersk.com/Mitas www.discovermitas.com �e G for Engine Ma Month 16 I was a construction Mo supervisor ina const I was the North Sea super advising and the No he helping foremen advis ssolve problems Real work he helping fo International Internationa al opportunities �ree wo work or placements ssolve pr Download free eBooks at bookboon.com Click on the ad to read more How to Write a Research Paper Contents 6.6 Can We Trust the Results? 142 6.7 Analysis of the Results 142 6.8 Reaching Conclusions 143 6.9 Different Types of Experiment 144 6.10 Considering Different Types of Experiment 151 6.11 More Detailed Experimental Design 154 6.12 Summary 156 7 Bad Science and the Need for Critical Evaluation 158 7.1 Scepticism is Good and Science is Essential 160 7.2 But What about Bad Science? 160 7.3 Bad Science 161 7.4 Evaluating the Science 162 7.5 Poor Methodology… 163 7.6 Examples of Good or Bad Methodology 165 7.7 Big or Small Question Mark 169 7.8 Flawed Discussion of Results… 169 7.9 An Example Discussion of the Results 170 7.10 False Positives verses False Negatives 171 7.11 Unjustified Conclusions… 172 7.12 An Example of a Researchers Conclusions 172 7.13 Accepting Conclusions as Valid 173 7.14 Learning More about Critical Evaluation 173 7.15 One Additional Thought… 173 ? or ? 7.16 Summary 175 8 Plagiarism, Citations and References 176 8.1 What is Plagiarism? 177 8.2 Citations and References 178 8.3 The British or Harvard System 178 8.4 The Reference List 179 8.5 The Impact of this on the Body of Your Research Paper 182 8.6 The Difference between a Reference List and a Bibliography 184 8.7 Summary 185 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com How to Write a Research Paper Contents Practising Academic Writing 186 9.1 Moving from Opinion to Reasoned Argument 186 9.2 Presenting Relevant Conclusions 188 9.3 Considering Critical Evaluation 191 9.4 Practising Comparative Analysis 191 9.5 Practising Application of the Theory 194 9.6 Summary 195 10 Drafting a Research Paper 196 10.1 A Path Through the Forest 198 10.2 Drafting, Drafting, Drafting 199 10.3 A Day Starts by Getting out of Bed 200 10.4 Define General Structure and Headings 202 10.5 Write a Rough Introduction in Note Form 203 10.6 Add One Descriptive Section (i.e summarise one research paper) 204 10.7 Add the Other Descriptive Sections 204 10.8 Evolve and Refine the Structure of Your Paper 205 10.9 Draft the Evaluation Sections 205 10.10 Drafting the Comparative Analysis and the Application of the Theory 205 10.11 Draft the Conclusions 205 10.12 Drafting the Abstract 205 10.13 Refine, Refine, Refine 206 10.14 Feedback from a Critical Friend 206 10.15 Your Own Brain Can Trick You 207 10.16 Check Formatting, Citations and References 208 10.17 Summary 208 11 Writing an Introduction 210 11.1 An Introduction as a Funnel 210 11.2 Using Those Less Relevant Papers 212 11.3 Considering Two Introductions 214 11.4 Summary 219 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com How to Write a Research Paper Contents 12 Writing the Body of a Paper and the Conclusions 220 12.1 Considering the Structure of Your Paper 222 12.2 Considering Your Evaluation Sections 226 12.3 Considering Where You Compare the Theories 231 12.4 Considering the Application of the Theory 233 12.5 Considering the Conclusions 234 12.6 Testing the Quality of Your Paper 236 12.7 Summary 237 13 Writing an Abstract 238 13.1 An Abstract Is Not An Introduction 238 13.2 Good and Bad Abstracts 242 13.3 Summary 246 14 Considering Research as Part of a Dissertation 247 14.1 The Similarities between a Research Paper and a Research Chapter 248 14.2 The Differences between a Research Paper and a Research Chapter 249 14.3 The Length of a Research Chapter 249 14.4 The Impact of the Research on a Project 253 14.5 Evaluating the Impact of the Research 255 14.6 Practical Projects Verses Research Projects 255 14.7 Summary 256 15 258 In Conclusion Appendix 1) Three Research Papers 261 1.1 ‘An Evaluation of Information Hiding Techniques Using Image Steganography’ by Muhammad 1Hussaini 261 1.2 ‘Current EMG Pattern Recognition Research Aimed At Improving Upper Limb Prosthesis Control’ by Molly Sturman 270 1.3 ‘Positive and Negative: Effects Video Game Use Can Have on Personality Development’ by Shaun Watson 279 10 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com ... important if you are to understand how to write a research paper or write a research chapter for a dissertation The tasks of writing a research paper and of writing a research chapter, as part of an... Kendal How to Write a Research Paper Download free eBooks at bookboon.com How to Write a Research Paper 1st edition © 2015 Simon Kendal & bookboon.com ISBN 97 8-8 7-4 0 3-1 06 9-6 Download free eBooks. .. This book aims to develop the practical and analytical skills needed to write a good research paper or a research chapter in a dissertation – assignments that many undergraduate students at University