Nhieu khi, viec dua rac thai cdng nghiep tir cac nudc phat trien sang cac nudc khac lai dugc chinh chinh phu ciia nhiing nudc dd bat den xanh.. Do sy phan ddi trong cdng chiing va ch[r]
Trang 178 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°3 {1141.2010
nhu hien nay thi den nam 2020 se cd khoang
5-10% sd loai tren the gidi bi tieu diet va sd
loai bj tieu diet tang Ien 25%) vao giira the ki
XXl'
Viec dua rac thai cdng nghiep d cac
nudc phat trien sang cac nudc khac la hanh
vi vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng
Theo bao cao ciia Td chiic Mdi trudng xanh
the gidi, thdi gian gan day chau A trd thanh
noi chira chat thai ddc hai ciia phuong Tay
thay cho chau Phi, Trung MT va My Latinh,
do cac khu vyc nay ddng cira vdi chat thai
dpc hai Vi du, vao nhiing nam 90 cita the ki
XX, cac nudc Canada, Dire, Anh da chd tren
54 tan chat thai ddc hai den chau A Hay tir
nam 1990 trd lai day, mdt sd nudc giau nhu
My, Canada, Anh, Dirc, Uc da xuat sang
cac nudc ngheo mdt lupng rac thai khdng Id
khoang 4 trieu tan/nam Rac thai sinh boat,
ac quy phe thai, nhdm, calimum, nhya, chat
thai y te va hat nhan tir MT, chau Au va Nhat
Ban dugc dua tdi vdi muc dich tai sir dyng
Nhieu khi, viec dua rac thai cdng nghiep tir
cac nudc phat trien sang cac nudc khac lai
dugc chinh chinh phu ciia nhiing nudc dd bat
den xanh Do sy phan ddi trong cdng chiing
va chinh phii cac nudc chau A, viec budn
ban chat thai da dugc ngan chan d miic do
nhat djnh, nhung chat thai dpc hai van tran
vao chau A, gay anh hudng xau den moi
trudng d khu vyc nay
Tir nam 1967, nudc My da ban hanh
mpt hinh phat rat nang ve viec xir ly chat thai
' Nguyen Van Ngirng; Mot so vdn de ve bdo ve moi
truang v&i phdt trien kinh te a nu&c ta hien nay, NXB
Chinh trj qu6c gia ,2004, tr.l04
^ Nguyen Tran Que Nhung vdn de todn cdu ngdy nay,
NXB Khoa hpe xa hpi, 1999, tr 150
khdng diing quy djnh CJ dd, mudn xir ly mpt tdn rac thai phai tdn it nhat 276 ddia, nhimg dem ra nudc ngoai thi chi mat ven ven 36 ddia Vi vay, trong nhirng nam cudi the ki
XX, Bic Kinh va nhieu noi khac ciia Trung Quoc da nhan dugc nhieu kien hang vd chil ma trong chiia toan rac tir My giri den Viec nay lam mdi noi tdn that it nhat hon 10 van dola''
Trudc sy phat trien manh me cua cdng nghiep va ddi sdng ciia cac qudc gia ngay cang nang cao, lugng rac thai tren the gidi ngay cang gia tang Tuy nudc My chi chiem 5%) dan sd the gidi, nhimg hon 25%) lugng chat thai the gidi la tir My ma ra Mdi nam
My xuat sang nudc khac ban 2 trieu tan chat thai bao gdm ca nhirng phe thai cd chiia nhieu ddc td nguy hiem Hanh vi nay thyc te
da day sy d nhiem mdi trudng tir My sang cac nudc khac
Mdi trudng ndi chung va trai dat ciia chiing ta la mdt chinh the thdng nhat, mgi sinh vat tren trai dat deu cd quan he mat thilt vdi nhau trong qua trinh tdn tai va phat trien Moi trudng noi nay bj anh hudng, bj tac ddng xau do cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat gay ra se anh hudng tdi mdi trudng d khu vyc khac va cac nudc khac Vi thi, nhung vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng tren the gidi trong bdi canh toan cdu hoa se lien quan va anh hudng tryc tilp din viec bao ve mdi trudng nudc ta
Dieu cd the de dang nhan thdy dd la vdn
de d nhiem ngudn nudc d cac con sdng chay qua nhilu qudc gia khac nhau Viet Nam cd
Sdd Sdd
Trang 2fUpt iA'od'n ite 79
nhieu con sdng bat ngudn tir nudc ngoai
chay vao ndi dja Van de phirc tap la d cho,
chitng ta khdng dugc toan quyen sir dyng va
khai thac tai nguyen tren cac con sdng,
nhung phai ganh chju tinh trang d nhiem mdi
trudng tir cac nudc thugng ngudn bdi vi
nudc ta nam d ha lim cac con sdng dd Vi
vay viec bao ve mdi trudng sdng cho nhan
loai la nhiem vu khdng phai ciia rieng qudc
gia nao ma la nhiem vu chung ciia nhan loai,
mpi qudc gia deu phai cd trach nhiem bao
ve
Xac djnh rd mdi trudng cd vai trd to
Idn, quyet djnh ddi vdi sy song cdn ciia ca
nhan loai, ngay tir nhiing nam 60, 70 ciia the
ki XX, van de bao ve mdi trudng da dugc
nhieu nudc tren the gidi dac biet quan tam
Da CO nhieu hdi nghj thupng dinh toan the
gidi ve bao ve mdi trudng dugc td chiic tai
nhieu qudc gia nhu Thuy Dien (1972),
Braxin (1992), New York (1997) Dac biet,
he thong phap luat qudc te ve bao ve mdi
trudng ra ddi la sy the hien rd net nhat y chi
va nguyen vgng ciia mpi quoc gia trong viec
giir gin mdi trudng chung cho nhan loai
Mac dil ca cdng ddng qudc te bao gdm
nhieu qudc gia d tat ca cac chau lyc deu cd
tieng noi va hanh ddng tren thyc te de bao ve
va giir gin cho mdi trudng sdng trong sach,
song thyc trang tinh hinh vi pham phap luat
ve bao ve mdi trudng tren the gidi trong may
thap ki vira qua da lam cho tinh trang mdi
trudng ngay cang xau di Day la van de bao
dpng chung cho ca nhan loai Da den Iiic mpi
quoc gia cdn phai y thiic sau sac la sy phat
trien bin viing ludn cd mdi quan he rang
buoc vdi phat trien kinh te xa hdi, vdi sinh
thai cdng ddng Neu mdi qudc gia chi tap
trung bao ve cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien trong dd cd da dang sinh bpc ma khdng quan tam mdt each dung mirc den viec giii gin mdi trudng chung ciia ca cdng ddng ciing se khdng giai quyet dugc nan ddi ngheo va khdng the bao ve mdi trudng d nudc minh mdt each ben virng dugc
Hgp tac qudc te trong bao ve mdi trudng phai dugc the hien dudi nhieu hinh thiic da dang, phong phii mdi dam bao dat dugc hieu qua cao Cac nudc phai ciing nhau cam ket ky cac hiep dinh ve khai thac va sir dung hgp ly cac ngudn tai nguyen, cd nghTa
vu va trach nhiem trong viec bao ve moi trudng, khdng gay d nhiem cho nhau
Ngoai viec thdng nhat phdi hgp hanh dpng, cac nudc can tang cudng vai trd ciia he thdng phap luat trong bao ve mdi trudng Luat qudc te ve bao ve mdi trudng cd tac dung to Idn trong viec ngan chan cac hanh vi
vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng, nhung khdng hoan toan cham dirt dugc sy vi pham trong thyc tl Do vay, dl luat ban hanh
cd hieu lyc, mgi qudc gia can quan tam tdi viec giao dye phap luat, lam cho mgi ngudi dan hieu va lam theo luat, ddng thdi phai co hinh thiic xir ly nghiem minh ddi vdi cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat ve bao ve moi trudng, phai cd sy phdi hgp hanh ddng giiia cac CO quan bao ve phap luat d cac quoc gia
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Vien Nghien ciiu Dy bao chien luge
Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, Gidi, mdi truang vd
phdt trien a Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri quoc
gia Ha Noi, 1995
2 Hoang Hung, Con nguai vd moi
truang NXB Tre, 2000