tối ưu hóa mô hình quản lý và xử lý chất thải rắn cho đô thị du lịch ở việt nam nghiên cứu điển hình cho thành phố hội an

ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNG TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT BÁO CÁO TỔNG KẾT ĐỀ TÀI KHOA HỌC VÀ CƠNG NGHỆ CẤP TRƯỜNG TỐI ƯU HĨA MƠ HÌNH QUẢN LÝ VÀ XỬ LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN CHO ĐÔ THỊ DU LỊCH Ở VIỆT NAM – NGHIÊN CỨU ĐIỂN HÌNH CHO THÀNH PHỐ HỘI AN Mã số: T2019-06-115 Chủ nhiệm đề tài: TS Phạm Phú Song Toàn Đà Nẵng, 08/2020 ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNG TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT BÁO CÁO TỔNG KẾT ĐỀ TÀI KHOA HỌC VÀ CƠNG NGHỆ CẤP TRƯỜNG TỐI ƯU HĨA MƠ HÌNH QUẢN LÝ VÀ XỬ LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN CHO ĐÔ THỊ DU LỊCH Ở VIỆT NAM – NGHIÊN CỨU ĐIỂN HÌNH CHO THÀNH PHỐ HỘI AN Mã số: T2019-06-115 Xác nhận quan chủ trì đề tài (ký, họ tên, đóng dấu) Chủ nhiệm đề tài (ký, họ tên) MỤC LỤC Danh mục bảng biểu Danh mục hình ảnh Danh mục viết tắt Thông tin kết nghiên cứu Information on research resuts Mở đầu ··················································································· Chương 1: Tổng quan ································································ 1.1 Các vấn đề chất thải rắn ····················································· 1.2 Mục tiêu đề tài ·················································································· 1.3 Quy mô đề tài thời gian thực ·············································· Chương 2: Đối tượng nghiên cứu phương pháp nghiên cứu ·············· 2.1 Đối tượng nghiên cứu············································································· 2.1.1 Đặc trưng khu vực nghiên cứu ··························································· 2.1.2 Hệ thống quản lý chất thải rắn đô thị Hội An ······························ 10 2.2 Phương pháp nghiên cứu ······························································································· 13 2.2.1 Phương pháp lấy mẫu xác định thành phần ································· 13 2.2.2 Phương pháp khảo sát thực trạng lấy ý kiến ································ 14 2.2.3 Phương pháp phân tích tính chất CTR ·············································· 15 2.2.4 Phương pháp thống kê ······································································· 16 2.2.5 Phương pháp xây dựng mơ hình ························································ 16 2.2.6 Phương pháp đánh giá mơ hình ························································· 23 Chương 3: Kết biện luận ···················································· 24 3.1 Định lượng phát thải từ nguồn phát thải chất thải rắn đô thị thành phố Hội An ·························································································· 24 3.2 Phân tích thành phần rác thải thị ····················································· 26 3.3 Đánh giá hoạt động quản lý rác thải nguồn ···································· 29 3.4 Hiện trạng thu gom xử lý CTR Hội An ······································ 31 3.5 Tối ưu hóa dòng rác thải tương ứng với hệ thống xử lý phù hợp······ 34 3.6 Đánh giá mơ hình quy hoạch hệ thống quản lý chất thải rắn ··········· 41 3.6.1 Hiệu giảm lượng chất thải rắn phát sinh nguồn·················· 41 3.6.2 Thành phần tính chất CTR thu gom cho xử lý ···························· 43 3.6.3 Đánh giá tính kinh tế phương án quy hoạch hệ thống quản lý CTR ············································································································ 44 3.6.4 Đánh giá hiệu môi trường phương án quy hoạch hệ thống quản lý CTR ······························································································· 47 Kết luận kiến nghị ······························································ 50 50 Kết luận ··································································································· 53 Kiến nghị ·································································································· Tài liệu tham khảo Phụ lục DANH SÁCH THÀNH VIÊN THAM GIA NGHIÊN CỨU GS.TS Takeshi Fujiwara Khoa Khoa học Môi trường Cuộc sống - Đại học Okayama ThS Kiều Thị Hịa Khoa Cơng nghệ hóa học Mơi trường – ĐH Sư phạm Kỹ thuật – ĐHĐN DANH SÁCH ĐƠN VỊ PHỐI HỢP CHÍNH Khoa Khoa học Môi trường Cuộc sống - Đại học Okayama Cơng ty Cổ phần Cơng Trình Cơng Cộng Hội An Phịng Tài Ngun Mơi Trường Hội An Phòng Thương Mại Du lịch thành phố Hội An DANH SÁCH BẢNG BIỂU Bảng 2.1 Thành phần CTR phân tích ························································· 14 Bảng 2.2 Đặc trưng trang thực quản lý CTR sở kinh doanh lưu trú ········································································································ 18 Bảng 2.3 Thông số thực quản lý CTR nguồn sở lưu trú ········ 22 Bảng 3.1 Thành phần CTR nguồn thải từ hoạt động thương mại du lịch ······························································································································ 28 Bảng 3.2 Lượng CTR tái chế thu hồi phương án quy hoạch ········· 43 DANH MỤC HÌNH ẢNH Hình 2.1 Bản đồ hành Hội An ································································ Hình 2.2 Lượng khách du lịch đến Hội An thời gian qua ······················· Hình 2.3 Sự phát triển mạnh mẽ ngành cơng nghiệp du lịch Hội An ···· Hình 2.4 Lượng chất thải rắn đô thị Hội An thập niên qua ················ 10 Hình 2.5 Lượng khách du lịch lượng CTR phát sinh năm 2018 ········ 11 Hình 2.6 Quy trình nghiên cứu ········································································· 13 Hình 2.7 Phương pháp “Corning and quartering” ········································· 14 Hình 2.8 Phương pháp kiểm định chuẩn data ·················································· 16 Hình 2.9 Mơ hình phân tích cấu trúc AHP cho chiến lược cải thiện hệ thống tái chế ··················································································································· 17 Hình 2.10 Hệ thống tái chế thống··························································· 20 Hình 2.11 Mơ hình kinh tế tuần hồn chất thải ················································ 21 Hình 3.1 Tỷ lệ (a) lượng (b) CTR phát sinh từ nguồn phát thải ··········· 24 Hình 3.2 Tỷ lệ phát thải CTR từ (a) hộ gia đình, (b c) từ khách sạn ··········· 25 Hình 3.3 Tỷ lệ phát thải CTR hoạt động thương mại khác ········· 26 Hình 3.4 Thành phần CTR sinh hoạt chung (a) khu vực khác (b) ··· 27 Hình 3.5 Thành phần CTR ngành Cơng nghiệp du lịch Hội An ·········· 27 Hình 3.6 Tỷ lệ thực quản lý CTR nguồn ·············································· 29 Hình 3.7 Hiệu thực phân loại CTR nguồn đơn vị ··············· 30 Hình 3.8 Dòng chất thải rắn từ hoạt động du lịch Hội An ··························· 31 Hình 3.9 Phân tích dịng CTR thị HA S1 (PA1) ··························· 36 Hình 3.10 Phân tích dịng CTR thị HA S2 (PA1) ······················· 37 Hình 3.11 Phân tích dịng CTR thị HA S3 (PA2) ······················· 38 Hình 3.12 Phân tích dịng CTR thị HA S4 (PA2) ························ 39 Hình 3.13 Lượng CTR phát sinh mơ hình ············································· 42 Hình 3.14 Tính chất CTR mơ hình ··········································· 43 Đồ thị 3.15 Phân tích chi phí vận hành từ mơ hình quản lý CTR ·················· 45 Hình 3.16 Phân tích tính kinh tế vận hành dự án ································ 46 Hình 3.17 Sự phát thải khí CO2 từ phương pháp xử lý CTR đô thị Hội An ························································································································· 48 Hình 3.18 Ước tính lượng CO phát thải tương lai từ PA1 PA2 ····· 49 Các ký hiệu viết tắt AHP : Analytic hierarchy process AP : Application of sanction BAU : Business as usual CBA : Cost-benefit analysis CBR : Cost-benefit ratio CG : Co-ordination of the government CH : Consensus of hotels CI : Consistency index CP : Composting practice CR : Consistency ratio CTR : Chất thải rắn DFR : Development of a facility for recycling DNC : Danang city EBO : Economic benefit optimisation EIM : Environmental impact mitigation ERS : Economic benefit for recycling sectors ES : Economic benefit of society ESH : Economic benefit of hotels GHG : Greenhouse gas HAC : Hoi An City HLC : Ha Long City HOM : Homestays HPF : Handicraft production facility HSH : High-scale hotels IE : Intensification of Encouragement LHV : Low heating value LSH : Low-scale hotels MFA : Material flow analysis MSH NGO PET : Midle-scale hotels PH : Non-government organisation PP : Polyethylene terephthalate PPC : Public health PR : Policy promulgation RFC : Phnom Penh City RFH : Promulgation of regulation RP : Recycling facility of the city RPE : Recycling facility of hotels RSC : Recycling practice SCI : Recycling practice enhancement SoN : Recycling system of the city SP : Social consensus improvement SSWM : Support of NGOs SWC : Separation practice SWE : Sustainable solid waste management SWG : Solid waste composition SWG : Waste separation efficiency SWGR : Solid waste generation SWM : Solid waste geeneration VIL : Solid waste geeneration rate WMP : Solid waste management : Villas : Waste management practice Pham Phu et al stakeholders should be examined, and response of stakeholders should be noted Also, evaluation of a sustainable SWM system of the TD should be addressed to gain social acceptance (including stakeholders and tourists), efficiency in operation (including envi-ronmental and economic) and favourability to treatment (in accordance with regional existing technology) Conclusion This article presented in detail waste characterisation, waste management practices, collection systems in the TD and disposals in HAC, Vietnam The challenges in waste management prac-tice were analysed as follow The TD in HAC generates around 15080 kg of waste per day, in which waste from restaurants, hotels and households accounts for 46%, 22% and 13%, respectively A high density of solid waste (15050 kg km-2 day-1), abundance of waste sources (8), limitations on waste collection time and restric-tions on waste collection facilities present significant chal-lenges to diminish waste from the TD Waste composition in the TD of HAC is presented by the substantial proportion of kitchen waste (46.80%), tissue paper (11.54%) and recyclable waste (12.58%) that may cause high waste moisture content (46.79%) and LHV (16,866 kJ kg-1) Waste management practices in the TD of HAC are not well responded to, except for the households, restaurants and hotels Low rates and inefficiency in waste separation prac-tices are justified by a small area downtown, odour and lack of necessity owing to a small waste amount A low recycling effi-ciency is explained by inconvenience in storing recyclable materials and lack a recycling collection service In order to develop the efficient SWM system in the TD, waste segrega-tion practices should be improved and waste recycling should be enhanced These practices present significant challenges for the government The overload of waste in street bins and distemper waste col-lection in the TD of HAC are the urgent problems of the SWM system, and may be caused by the illegal throw of waste into street bins by shops owners and illegal collection of restaurant waste by carts The tacit deal in this illegal collection brings small income for collection crews, but causes a significant financial loss to the SWM system ($17,007 year -1) and restaurants ($75.08 restaurant -1 year-1) This gap in the SWM system in HAC also signifies a major challenge for the government to reach a sustainability goal in the SWM Mixing of waste after separation causes the denial of waste segregation effort at source and leads to the distrust of resi-dents and tourists to a waste management programme in the TD of HAC Inappropriate collection time and manner, and dissatisfaction in waste collection demands from a business sector cause non-cooperation of stakeholders and disruption in the waste collection system Thus, a balance in waste collection demands from a business sector and timely response of the collection system should be found It is also a substantial challenge that the waste collection system currently faces Inefficiency of waste treatment plants and the overload of open dumping sites in HAC owing to the unsuitable technol-ogy of treatment facilities and the unfavorability of waste characterisation are the substantial problems for the SWM system Improvement in these restrictions may cause a sig-nificant challenge for the government Growth of the tourism industry is essential for the socioeconomic development of the country However, the increase in the amount of waste from the tourism activities is inevitable Although TDs are facing many obstacles and challenges in terms of the SWM practice, no optimal SWM model for the TD exists Instead, a variety of locally based practices need to be implemented to enhance sustainability Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education, and Okayama University for financial assistance and their support Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article Funding The authors received financial support for the research from The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Vietnam and Okayama University, Japan ORCID iDs Song Toan Pham Phu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-2852 Giang Hoang Minh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-4541 Dinh Pham Van https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-0478 Supplemental material Supplemental material for this article is available online References Allesch A and Brunner PH (2017) Material flow analysis as a tool to improve waste management systems: The Case of Austria Environmental Science & Technology 51: 540–551 Alwaeli M (2015) An overview of municipal solid waste management in Poland The current situation, problems and challenges Environment Protection Engineering 41: 181–193 Cencic O (2016) Nonlinear data reconciliation in material flow analysis with software STAN Sustainable Environment Research 26: 291–298 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Find a Match Waste management and Research Search Sort By: Relevancy Search Results Filters Found 21,687 results (Page 1) Share These Results Web of Science Coverage WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH Open Access Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND, EC1Y 1SP Category ISSN / eISSN: Country / Region Web of Science Core Collection: Additional Language Frequency Biological Abstracts | BIOSIS Previews | Current Web of Science Indexes: Technology | Essential Science Indicators Journal Citation Reports Our policy towards the use of cookies All Clarivate websites use cookies to improve your online experience They were placed onViewyourprofilecomputerpagewhen you launched this website You can change your cookie settings through your browser * Requires free login Ok to Continue Cookie Policy https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results 1/6 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL 78, 2020 Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Nor Alafiza Yunus, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l ISBN 978-88-95608-76-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Enhancing Waste Management Practice – The Appropriate Strategy for Improving Solid Waste Management System in Vietnam Towards Sustainability a, b c c Song Toan Pham Phu *, Takeshi Fujiwara , Giang Minh Hoang , Dinh Van Pham , a a b Hoa Kieu Thi , Yen Anh Tran Thi , Cuong Dinh Le a The University of Danang, University of Technology and Education, 48 Cao Thang St, Hai Chau District, Danang City, 550000, Vietnam b Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan c Department of Environmental Technology and Management, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong Road, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi City, Vietnam ppstoan@gmail.com This study aims to build the appropriate model of waste management practice (WMP) towards sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) system in a city of developing country like Vietnam A waste audit was performed and material flow analysis method was simulated to describe and analyse the current status of MSW system and its assumpted models Four WMP models were built based on the feature of the region, the intention and optimisation of WMP, and the consensus of the government This study shows that the improvement of the SWM system can reduce a significant amount of waste to landfill Notably, the waste reduction performance is 5.0, 7.8, 11.11 and 29.3 % in S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively Also, the recovery performance of recyclables changes in proportional to the level of SWM practice and reach at 3.78, 5.843, 4.593, and 7.120 t/d, respectively This study reveals that the improvement of SWM practice at source from intentional to optimal rate is the sustainable strategy for developing an SWM system in Hoi An City Introduction Solid waste is becoming an urgent problem and a significant challenge to society due to the urbanisation and rapid development of the tourism industry in developing countries (Song-Toan et al., 2017) While municipal solid waste (MSW) system in developed countries is approaching sustainability, it seems a burden that developing countries are struggling to solve (Shivika et al., 2017) Sustainability is a goal of a long-term process that MSW system has to be implemented and upgraded gradually In which, planning an orientedstrategy for MSW system is important Specifically, in developing countries, MSW system that is sketchy aims to collect thoroughly generated waste and transferred to the disposal Waste management practices (WMP) at source have not paid attention Vietnam is a developing country in South-East Asia The MSW system in Vietnam is also facing many significant challenges The rapid growth of MSW, inefficiency in waste management, and low performance of waste collection caused to the overload of waste in urban areas and at the disposals (Giang et al., 2017b) In the centre of Vietnam, Hoi An City (HAC) is known as one of several cities has a typical MSW system HAC generates daily about 75 t of solid waste, in which waste from the tourism industry accounts for 65 % (Giang et al., 2017a) Recently, municipal waste in HAC increases quickly due to the speedy development of tourism activities This leads to the overload of waste in the downtown of the city, brings obstacles to WMP and challenges to MSW system Although waste separation at source has been implemented since 2012, its efficiency is still low due to non-consensus of society So in the context of facing many challenges and lack of financial and technical conditions, what strategies of MSW system in Vietnam can solve current problems towards sustainability? Pham Phu et al (2019) indicated that the accommodation industry in HAC has high Paper Received: 17/04/2019; Revised: 13/07/2019; Accepted: 14/11/2019 Please cite this article as: Pham Phu S.T., Fujiwara T., Hoang G.M., Pham D.V., Kieu Thi H., Tran Thi Y.A., Le C.D., 2020, Enhancing Waste Management Practice – The Appropriate Strategy for Improving Solid Waste Management System in Vietnam Towards Sustainability, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 78, 319-324 DOI:10.3303/CET2078054 320 potential to reduce waste generation by enhancing waste separation at source and recycling practice The improvement of recycling was suggested as a suitable solution for establishing a sustainable MSW system in HAC (Song-Toan et al., 2018a) Also, Giang et al., (2018) optimised a waste treatment model for MSW in HAC aims to minimise cost, waste to landfill and emission However, these treatment solutions require excellent WMP performance and appropriate policies Therefore, this study aims to build a suitable strategy for enhancing WMP at source to contribute to developing the MSW system in HAC toward sustainability Methodology 2.1 Waste audit Solid waste generation in HAC was summarised by a waste audit from seven waste sources A waste audit was calculated by multiplying solid waste generation rate (SWGR) of each waste source with the number of stakeholders in (Table 1) In which, SWGR of each source was identified in the previous studies Table 1: Number of stakeholders and solid waste generation rate in each waste sources Sources of waste Total number SWGR (kg) References The SWM practice is considered as an important factor for developing municipal SWM system Thus, the SWM system is simulated by different SWM practice rate in scenarios The performance of the SWM system is described by Material flow analysis (MFA), and the efficiency of waste reduction and recycling enhancement is analysed and compared between scenarios 2.2 Material Flow Analysis The flow of municipal waste in HAC was described by MFA method with STAN software STAN is a freeware was standardised using the Austrian Standard ONORM S 2006 In this study, MFA was used to provide a systems-oriented view of MSW processes and support the priority-oriented decisions to design MSW strategy The MSW flow will be assessed in the defined space of HAC and the time by day Three steps to simulate by STAN comprise graphical model, entering data, and calculation with mass balance 2.3 Building the scenarios of municipal solid waste management practice development In this study, five scenarios of MSW system were built based on the current status of WMP, the intention of residents and stakeholders in implement WMP, a feature of the region, and consensus of the government Table presents in detail the parameter of models of WMP Notably, S0 describes the MSW system in the current status of WMP S1 and S2 were assumed that MSW system in HAC will be planned with the minimalism in WMP In which, waste is not sorted at sources and collected by trucks for landfilling, which is the common disposals in developing countries Recycling activities are encouraged to improve with intention (S1) and optimal (S2) practice rates Table 2: Scenarios of municipal solid waste practice development in Hoi An City S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 Scenario Business as Usual (BaU) Minimalism in waste practice at source Minimalism in waste practice at source Enhancement of waste practice at source Enhancement of waste practice at source In addition, S3 and S4 were built based on the sustainable concept of MSW practice Whereby, waste separation at source is improved by three types such as biowaste, recyclables, and non-biowaste instead of two types as currently The recycling and composting practice at sources were assumed to be gradually enhanced in S3 by intention rate and in S4 by optimal rate The intention rate was identified by interview survey Also, the optimal rate was measured by a combination of intention rate, the region feature, and the interference of waste regulation 321 Results and discussions 3.1 Analysis of the models of municipal solid waste management practice The flow of MSW in HAC in scenarios is described to analyse the waste management system in the city under different assumptions In the first orientation for developing the MSW system in HAC, recycling practice is gradually enhanced, and the waste collection performance is aiming for optimisation Figure shows that waste from sources is un-sorted and collected daily by trucks Whereas, recyclables are separated by the optimal recycling rate and collected by the itinerant buyers at sources Also, recyclable materials in mixed waste are picked out again of trucks before loading by collection crews These similar solutions are found in many developing countries corresponding to the current status of MSW system In Nigeria, waste collection service was suggested to be upgraded in quantity and quality to solve the problems of increasing waste amount and illegal dumping sites Also, recycling practice was planned to improve by developing co-operation between communities, the informal sectors and the authorities, and encouraging markets for recyclables Whereas, in Malaysia, many solutions were presented to increase recycling practice such as providing recycling bins in every residential area, promoting recycling attitudes in households, and enhancing the accessibility of recycling facilities (Avraam and Stamatia, 2012) As a result, the improvement of recycling practice and optimisation of collection performance might be the desirable and urgent goals of MSW system for developing countries as Vietnam Figure 1: The flow of municipal solid waste in scenario 322 While the MSW system in developing countries is struggling to find suitable solutions, MSW system in developed countries is approaching sustainability Inevitably, the optimisation of MSW system corresponding to the regional feature is essential, and the improvement of that system should be planned for sustainability (Mirza et al., 2019) In this study, the optimal model of MSW system in HAC was planned for sustainability is shown in Figure Notably, waste is suggested to be sorted into three types instead of two types as the current regulation This change in waste separation at sources brings favourable condition for improving recycling practice at sources, in which home-composting is an effective solution to reduce waste generation Figure indicates that a significant amount of biowaste is stocked in the waste flow by home-composting at the garden of hotels, restaurants and households The rest of the biowaste is collected separately by trucks and treated by an existing composting facility The informal sectors as itinerant buyers and service facilities for recycling should be upgraded by support from the government for collecting thoroughly recyclable materials at sources Additionally, waste recycling practice rate may be enhanced by promulgating incentive policies and regulations, improving education and training skills Hence, a significant amount of recyclables is recovered daily for recycling brings substantial economic benefits for residents and MSW system Figure 2: The flow of municipal solid waste in scenario Figure and reveal that the more minimalist the waste management practice at source, the simpler the MSW system However, the performance of MSW system in the different levels of WMP at source should be assessed by many criteria In this study, the performance of waste reduction to landfill and recycling potential are two main parameters of waste planning strategy in HAC 323 3.2 Assessment of the models of municipal solid waste management practice kg/d Figure indicates that the amount of waste in S1 and S2 is no change due to the minimalism of WMP at source Whereas, waste generation volume in S3 and S4 gradually reduce proportionally to the efficiency of waste separation and the rate of WMP In which, the organic waste is handled by home-composting with the significant amount by 3.7 and 14.9 t/d in S3 and S4, respectively Home-composting activities are encouraged by the government, trained and supported to deploy in hotels, households, and restaurant with a garden These implementers may receive immediate benefits such as tipping fee reduction and using compost as an organic fertiliser for the garden instead of buying (Pham Phu et al., 2019) Additionally, Figure also reveals that the amount of recyclables increase gradually from S0 to S2, and S4 Notably, the amount of recyclable materials rises from 1,835 kg/day to the double times and 3,2 times corresponding to the assumption of intention and optimal recycling practice rate in S1 and S2, respectively Likewise, the amount of recyclables collected in S3 and S4 is higher 2.5 and 3.9 times than that of S0 The higher the recycling practice rate, the higher the recovery performance of recyclables Comparing to the same level of recycling practice at source, Figure indicates that the amount of recyclables in S3 and S4 is higher than that in S1 and S2 1.22 times, respectively As a result, waste separation practice at source may bring higher performance in recovering recyclables - Mixed waste Non Biowaste Biowaste Recyclable waste Figure 3: Amount of waste collected in different scenarios In term of macro-view, the MSW system significantly benefits from activities of WMP at sources Notably, the amount of waste to the disposals significantly reduces by 5.0 %, 7.8 %, 11.1 %, and 29.3 % in S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively due to the enhancement of recycling and composting practices The minimisation of waste to the landfill may contribute to reduce the number of waste collection routes and mitigate the greenhouse gases emission from landfilling Also, the development of recycling activities may bring many benefits to finance and material recovery Another highlight of the MSW system in S3 and S4 is that waste is separated into biowaste and non-biowaste The higher the separation rate, the higher the purity of each waste type This is a favourable condition for bio-treatments or incineration (Dinh et al., 2018) The increase in municipal solid waste is an inevitable consequence of the rapid development of urbanisation and industry taking place worldwide In China, Shanghai City is struggling to find suitable solutions to reduce organic waste generation A sustainable framework of organic waste management was studied focusing on developing some key drivers such as environmental policy and value of waste utilisation (Mirza et al., 2019) Likewise, the high rate of waste growth due to the development of income and urbanisation in India is presented by Shivika et al., (2017) A framework to integrate SWM strategy in Ahmedabad city was proposed This study indicated that the local impact is a typical factor influencing to developing a sustainable strategy of the SWM system Consequently, developing a strategy of SWM towards sustainability for a region is necessary and should be studied on many influencing factors In which, the SWM practice the status, the feature of region, and the consensus of society are the important factors In general, this study indicates two directions of waste planning for a city in a developing country as Vietnam There are specific advantages, difficulties and challenges in each direction The minimalism in waste management practice at sources might receive a high consensus from residents and commercial sectors This might bring many favorabilities in the deployment and management of MSW system Also, the mixture of waste might simplify the collection system (including bin system and truck) and reduce investment cost Furthermore, the waste classification may become meaningless if separated waste was transferred to the 324 same place and treated by landfilling which is the typical disposal in developing countries Thus, in term of short-term strategic planning to address the urgent problems of MSW system in the limitation of facilities, the minimalism in waste management practice is a timely strategy However, the minimalism in WMP at source may bring many challenges to MSW system such as the overload of waste disposal and the unfavourability for treatment which are can be reduced by improving waste management practice at source Moreover, the resonance activities in waste management practice may bring many benefits not only to stakeholders but also to the MSW system, which are the favourability toward sustainability Conclusions This study shows that the minimalism in WMP by combining with improving recycling activities is a feasible solution for urgently handling the current problems in MSW system with a positive response from residents and stakeholders However, the enhancement of WMP at source should be considered as a key factor in the long-term development of MSW system This study proves that the optimal model of WMP at source (S4) is an appropriate planning strategy for developing MSW system toward sustainability in HAC, Vietnam Notably, this strategy is estimated that it might contribute to reduce 29.3 % of waste generation amount and substantially enhance the recovery performance of recyclables (3.9 times) This model might bring many benefits to the MSW system such as minimisation of cost, favourability of waste characteristic for treatment, and mitigation of emission Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to students of Environmental Engineering Department for sampling support and thank to The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education (Research grant: T2019 – 06 – 115) and Okayama University for financial support References Avraam, K., Stamatia, K., 2012, Handbook: Waste management in developing countries LHTEE/AUT, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Dinh P.V., Giang H.M., Song-Toan, P.P., Takeshi, F., 2018 Kinetics of carbon dioxide, methane and hydrolysis in co-digestion of food and vegetable waste, Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 4, 401–412 Giang H.M., Takeshi F., Song-Toan P.P., 2017a, Municipal waste generation and composition in a tourist city Hoi An, Vietnam, Journal of Japan Science of Civil Engineering, 5, 123–132 Giang H.M., Takeshi F., Song-Toan P.P., Kim Thai N.T., 2017b, Predicting waste generation using Bayesian model averaging, Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 3, 385–402 Giang H.M., Takeshi F., Song-Toan P.P., Luong D.N., 2019, Sustainable solid waste management system using multi-objective decisionmaking model: a method for maximizing social acceptance in Hoi An city, Vietnam, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3498-5 Mirza H.S., Chew T.L., Cassendra P.C.B., Zhenjia Z., Chunjie L., Jiří J.K., 2019, Sustainable organic waste management framework: a case study in Minhang district, Shanghai, China, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 72, 7–12 Pham Phu S.T., Fujiwara T., Giang H.M., Pham V.D., Tran M.T., 2019, Waste separation at source and recycling potential of the hotel industry in Hoi An city, Vietnam, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21, 23–34 Shivika M., Minal P., Priyadarshi R.S., Erik A., 2017, GHG mitigation and sustainability co-benefits of urban solid waste management strategies: a case study of Ahmedabad, India, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 457–462 Song-Toan P.P., Fujiwara T., Dinh P.V., Hoa K.T., 2018a, Waste recycling system for a tourism city in Vietnam: Situation and sustainable strategy approach – Case study in Hoi An city, Vietnam IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 159, 342–349 Song-Toan P.P., Giang H.M, Takeshi F., 2018b, Analyzing solid waste management practices for the hotel industry, Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 4, 19–30 Song-Toan P.P., Takeshi F., Giang H.M., Dinh P.V., 2019, An analysis of the commercial waste characterisation in a tourism city in Vietnam, International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 23, 319–335 Song-Toan P.P., Takeshi F., Giang H.M, 2017, A Comparison of solid waste generation rate between types of hotel in Hoi An ancient City, Vietnam, 28th Annual Conference of JSMSWM, 6th-8th September, Tokyo, Japan, 507–508 ISSN Enter ISSN or ISSNs ISSN: i 2283-9216 ␡ Improved Citescore We have updated the CiteScore methodology to ensure a more robust, stable and comprehensive metric which provides an indication of research impact, earlier The updated methodology will be applied to the calculation of CiteScore, as well as retroactively for all previous CiteScore years (ie 2018, 2017, 2016…) The previous CiteScore values have been removed and are no longer available View CiteScore methodology ▻ Filter refine list Apply Clear filters Display options Display only Open Access journals Counts for 4-year timeframe No minimum selected Minimum citations Minimum documents Citescore highest quartile Show only titles in top 10 percent 1st quartile 2nd 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KHOA HỌC VÀ CƠNG NGHỆ CẤP TRƯỜNG TỐI ƯU HĨA MƠ HÌNH QUẢN LÝ VÀ XỬ LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN CHO ĐÔ THỊ DU LỊCH Ở VIỆT NAM – NGHIÊN CỨU ĐIỂN HÌNH CHO THÀNH PHỐ HỘI AN Mã số: T2019-06-115 Xác nhận quan chủ... management : Villas : Waste management practice THÔNG TIN KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU Thông tin chung: Tên đề tài: Tối ưu hóa mơ hình quản lý xử lý chất thải rắn cho đô thị du lịch Việt Nam – Nghiên cứu. .. thải rắn đô thị du lịch Việt Nam; phân tích vấn đề; tìm hội xây dựng chiến lược phù hợp để cải thiện hệ thống quản lý chất thải rắn cho đô thị du lịch Nhận thấy, thành phố Hội An đô thị cổ tiếng