Trong hai năm học gần đây, hình thức thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia thay đổi, thời gian làm bài thi, khối lượng kiến thức cũng thay đổi. Trong quá trình công tác giảng dạy, thông qua việc cho học trò làm bài tập, giải đề và phỏng vấn các em tôi nhận thấy rằng hầu hết các em đều thiếu kỹ năng viết chuyển đổi câu và kết hợp câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ đề thi THPTQG. Hơn nữa các dạng bài tập thực hành vận dụng kiến thức viết chuyển đổi câu có thể dễ dàng được tìm thấy trong cấu trúc đề thi THPTQG xét tốt nghiệp và đại học, đề thi HSG các cấp; đề thi IELTS; TOEFL; TOEIC, v.v... Ngoài ra, trong cuộc sống hàng ngày, kỹ năng viết đóng vai trò quan trọng trong viết văn; trong giao tiếp hằng ngày bằng tiếng Anh, người viết bắt buộc phải sử dụng lối viết đầy đủ và chính xác. Như vậy có thể nói đây là ngữ pháp trọng điểm trong chương trình tiếng anh THPT. Là một giáo viên trực tiếp giảng dạy và đồng hành cùng các em lớp 12 trong quá trình ôn thi THPTQG , tôi muốn giúp các em học sinh đặc biệt là đối tượng học sinh thi khối D thực hiện tốt kỹ năng làm bài kỹ năng viết, đạt được số điểm tối đa(1,0điểm) phần viết chuyển đổi câu và nối câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ. Chính vì vậy, tôi đã tham khảo các tài liệu liên quan, thầy cô, đồng nghiệp, bạn bè,......nghiên cứu chuyên đề “ TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU – BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ ”
PHẦN I: MỞ ĐẦU Lí chọn chuyên đề Trong giai đoạn phát triển giới, ngoại ngữ, đặc biệt Tiếng Anh đóng vai trị vơ quan trọng việc hình thành gắn kết mối quan hệ ngoại giao đa quốc gia Tiếng Anh thực ngôn ngữ không lĩnh vực giao tiếp quốc tế mà ngôn ngữ nhiều ngành khoa học, công nghệ thơng tin, văn hóa xã hội, du lịch , thương mại Xác định tầm quan trọng ngoại ngữ này, ngành giáo dục Việt Nam chọn Tiếng Anh mơn học giữ vai trị chủ đạo q trình hội nhập phát triển Trong nhà trường, Tiếng Anh cịn mơn thi THPTQG xét tốt nghiệp xét tuyển đại học Vì học sinh cịn học THPT cần phải có trình độ Tiếng Anh định để chuẩn bị cho kì thi sau tốt nghiệp em phải có khả giao tiếp, đọc viết số văn thường gặp Để làm việc không ngừng đổi phương pháp dạy học chương trình học để đạt kết cao cho mơn Tiếng Anh nói chung rèn số kỹ cho học sinh Để việc dạy học Tiếng Anh đạt hiệu giáo viên phải cung cấp cho học sinh vốn kiến thức ngữ pháp vốn từ vựng phong phú Trong thực tế giảng dạy giáo viên trọng dạy học sinh ngữ pháp kỹ làm tập Tuy nhiên kiến thức bao quát cho chuyên đề luyện thi chưa có hệ thống mà trình làm tập, gặp trường hợp giáo viên nhắc học sinh ghi nhớ kiến thức trường hợp Điều gây khó khăn cho em tổng hợp toàn kiến thức nền, kiến thức mảng, dẫn đến việc làm tập đa phần học sinh không nhớ không làm câu đơn giản, đặc biệt thiếu kỹ giải tập trắc nghiệm khách quan Trong hai năm học gần đây, hình thức thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia thay đổi, thời gian làm thi, khối lượng kiến thức thay đổi Trong trình cơng tác giảng dạy, thơng qua việc cho học trị làm tập, giải đề vấn em nhận thấy hầu hết em thiếu kỹ viết chuyển đổi câu kết hợp câu thi Ngoại ngữ đề thi THPTQG Hơn dạng tập thực hành vận dụng kiến thức viết chuyển đổi câu dễ dàng tìm thấy cấu trúc đề thi THPTQG xét tốt nghiệp đại học, đề thi HSG cấp; đề thi IELTS; TOEFL; TOEIC, v.v Ngoài ra, sống hàng ngày, kỹ viết đóng vai trị quan trọng viết văn; giao tiếp ngày tiếng Anh, người viết bắt buộc phải sử dụng lối viết đầy đủ xác Như nói ngữ pháp trọng điểm chương trình tiếng anh THPT Là giáo viên trực tiếp giảng dạy đồng hành em lớp 12 trình ơn thi THPTQG , tơi muốn giúp em học sinh đặc biệt đối tượng học sinh thi khối D thực tốt kỹ làm kỹ viết, đạt số điểm tối đa(1,0điểm) phần viết chuyển đổi câu nối câu thi Ngoại ngữ Chính vậy, tơi tham khảo tài liệu liên quan, thầy cô, đồng nghiệp, bạn bè, nghiên cứu chuyên đề “ TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU – BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ ” Tác giả chuyên đề - Họ tên: PHẦN II: NỘI DUNG Trong thi ngoại ngữ - kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia, dạng tập sử dụng kỹ viết gồm có câu dạng tập viết lại câu cho nghĩa gần với câu cho (sentence transformation) câu, dạng tập kết hợp câu (sentences combination) câu Số điểm dành cho kỹ viết tối đa 1.0 điểm I Kỹ giải phần thi viết chuyển đổi viết nối câu thi Ngoại ngữ - đề thi THPTQG Học sinh hồn tồn đạt điểm tối đa câu liên quan tới kỹ viết câu đề thi THPTQG dựa vào kỹ thuật sau đây: - Bước 1: Đọc cẩn thận câu đề ra, gạch chân từ khóa, xác định cấu trúc - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án A, B, C, D xét nghĩa kiểm tra cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi lại cẩn thận, Phân tích ví dụ minh họa: (Question 46 – Question 50) (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 – Bộ GD &ĐT) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions Question 46 Harry no longer smokes a lot A Harry now smokes a lot B Harry used to smoke a lot C Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot D Harry rarely smoked a lot => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: no longer, smokes (hiện tại) - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi => sang khứ (used to do) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: B Question 47 “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me A He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport B He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport C He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport D He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: dấu ngoặc kép, I’ll call - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc “ reported speech with gerund/infinitive” , “I’ll…” => hứa (promised to do) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: B Question 48 People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars A Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars B The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area C The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area D Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: think that + due to => nguyên nhân kết - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp bị động kép (think) + cấu trúc từ vựng liên quan tới “nguyên nhân (the increasing number of private cars), kết (traffic congestion) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: B Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions Question 49 The young girl has great experience of nursing She has worked as a hospital volunteer for years A Before she worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing B Much as she has worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing C Having worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing D With great experience of nursing, the young girl has worked as a hospital volunteer for years => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: clause of reason: she has worked…=> present participle - Bước 2: Định hướng sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp => present participle - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: C Question 50 Peter told us about his leaving the school He did it on his arrival at the meeting A Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting B Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting C Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting D No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: told us, did it on his arrival at => hành động (trước & sau) - Bước 2: Định hướng sử dụng cấu trúc thì: QKHT QKĐ + Đảo ngữ “No sooner………than …………hoặc Hardly…………… when………… ” - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: D II Các dạng tập liên quan tới viết chuyển đổi câu nối câu thường xuất thi ngoại ngữ - Đề thi THPTQG Dạng 1: Cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi a Viết chuyển đổi khứ đơn chuyển sang hoàn thành/hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn ngược lại - Minh họa: Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 43 – Mã đề 401 - Question 43 I haven't met my grandparents for five years A I often met my grandparents five years ago B I last met my grandparents five years ago C I have met my grandparents for five years D I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago Question 46 He last visited London three years ago Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 46 – Mã đề 402 - Question 46 He last visited London three years ago A He has been in London for three years B He hasn't visited London for three years C He didn't visit London three years ago D He was in London for three years b Viết chuyển đổi kết hợp khứ đơn sử dụng cấu trúc “used to V”=> ngược lại -Minh họa Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 Bộ GD&ĐT Question 46 Harry no longer smokes a lot A Harry now smokes a lot B Harry used to smoke a lot C Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot D Harry rarely smoked a lot c Cấu trúc nối câu kết hợp khứ đơn với khứ tiếp diễn, khứ đơn với khứ hoàn thành -Nội dung: Kết hợp khứ đơn với khứ tiếp diễn: hành động diễn (quá khứ tiếp diễn), hành động khác chen vào(quá khứ đơn) Kết hợp q khứ đơn với q khứ hồn thành: hành động xảy trước (quá khứ hoàn thành), 1hành động xảy sau (quá khứ đơn) Dạng 2: Sử dụng cấu trúc rút gọn “participle/present participle/ past participle”(rút gọn câu có đồng chủ ngữ) -Minh họa: Example 1: We left early because we wanted to catch the last train.(reason) => Wanting to catch the last train, we left early I switched off the light and tried to get some sleep.(time) => Switching off the light, I tried to get some sleep As he’s lived here all his life, he knows a lot about the town => Having lived here all his life, he knows a lot about the town Example 2: Chúng ta sử dụng “a participle clause” sau “after/ before/ while/ since/ on, etc.”.Hai hành động xảy lúc, khác thời gian When I met him, I didn’t like him => On meeting him, I didn’t like him Example 3: Chúng ta sử dụng “perfect participle” –“having done” nhấn mạnh hành động xảy trước hành động khác I’d made a decision and I was anxious to act on it => Having made a decision, I was anxious to act on it Example 4: He was bored with his job so he decided toleave => Bored with his job, he decided toleave Example 5: Chúng ta sử dụng “being + past participle” sau “after/ before/ while/ since/ on, etc.” After it was cleaned, the bike looked as good as new => After being cleaned, the bike looked as good as new When I was informed, I called them => On being informed, I called them Dạng 3: Cấu trúc viết lại câu liên quan câu điều kiện a Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “Unless”= “If….not”: Nếu không - (The first conditional) If you don’t study = Unless you study If he doesn’t study = Unless he studies -Minh họa: Đề thi THPTQG 2015 Bộ GD& ĐT Question 1:If John does not change his working style, he will be sacked soon Unless => A Unless John changes his working style, he will be sacked soon B Unless John change his working style, he will be sacked soon C Unless John changes his working style, he won’t be sacked soon D Unless John changes his working style, he won’t be sacked soon b Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “In case”:Trong trường hợp- (The first conditional) S + will +Vinf + in case + S + V(present simple) -Minh họa Ex: Don’t leave training until just before the marathon because you might injure yourself => Don’t leave training until just before the marathon in case you might injure yourself c Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “or else/ otherwise”:Hoặc là, khơng - Minh họa: Ex: If you don’t hurry up, we’ll miss the train = Hurry up or else we’ll miss the train Ex: Take time off running every week or else your body will not have a chance to rest = Take time off running every week; otherwise, your body will not have a chance to rest d Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “as long as/ provided/ providing ”: Miễn là/ Với điều kiện - Minh họa Ex: You can come with me as long as you pay for your own ticket e Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2, loại loại +3 - Nội dung + Nếu câu cho tại=> Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa + Nếu câu cho khứ => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa + Nếu câu cho nguyên nhân khứ, kết => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại 3(mệnh đề if) + loại (mệnh đề main) ngược nghĩa - Minh họa Example: You didn’t phone us so we didn’t get there in time => Định hướng: => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa =>Had you phoned us, we’d have got there in time Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 44 – Mã đề 401 Question 44 We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts => Định hướng: => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa A But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident B Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident C Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident D If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 47 – Mã đề 402 Question 47 They were late for the meeting because of the heavy snow => Định hướng: => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa A If it snowed heavily, they would be late for the meeting B Had it not snowed heavily, they would have been late for the meeting C But for the heavy snow, they wouldn't have been late for the meeting D If it didn't snow heavily, they wouldn't be late for the meeting Example The weather is terrible so we don’t go out today => Định hướng: => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại ngược nghĩa => If the weather were not terrible, we would go out today Example I didn’t go to university so I don’t get a better job now => Định hướng: => Viết lại câu điều kiện loại + ngược nghĩa => If I had gone to university, I would get a better job now Dạng 4: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng câu bị động dạng đặc biệt a Dạng bị động kép: Chủ động: S1 +believe/say/think/….that + S2 +V2 + O2 V1 Bị động: =>It is believed/said/thought… that S +V2 + O2 =>S2 +be + believed/said/thought…+ to + V (khi V2 tương lai) =>S2 +be + believed/said/thought…+ to + have + Ved/ Pii( V khứ) =>O2 + be believed/said/thought + to+ be +Ved/Pii( V2 tương lai) =>O2 + be believed/said/thought…+ to + have been + Ved/Pii( V2 khứ) (khi V1 V2 đồng (thường q khứ) chuyển sang “ be + believed + to V) - Minh họa Đề thi THPTQG 2015 Bộ GD& ĐT Question 3:People believe that this new teaching method is more effective than the old one => This new teaching method =>Định hướng: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động kép =>This new teaching method is believed to be more effective than the old one b Cấu trúc “Have/get sth done” Chủ động: Have sb sth = get sb to sth Bị động => Have / get sth done - Minh họa Monica wanted Jimmy to repair the fence that fell over in the garden => Monica had Jimmy repair the fence that fell over in the garden => Monica had the fence that fell over in the garden repaired (by Jimmy) Dạng 5: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Modals in the past” can/could/should/ might/must/need/ought to + have done - Minh họa Đề minh họa THPTQG năm 2017 Question 26: I’m sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam A Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam B Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam C Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam D Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam => Giải thích: was => Modals in the past => loại A C I’m sure=> must => must have been… Đề thi THPTQG 2016 Bộ GD& ĐT Question 3:I’m sure that he didn’t attend the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday He can’t => Định hướng: didn’t attend=> modals in the past=>can’t have done => He can’t have attended the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday Dạng 6: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Câu đảo ngữ” - Nội dung: Các dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp cấu trúc viết lại câu thi Ngoại ngữ a Đảo ngữ với trạng từ mang ngĩa phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly (ever), Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly (ever) + auxiliary + S + V Ex: Never have so many people been unemployed as today (So many people have never been unemployed as today) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be (We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.) Seldom does class let out early (Class seldom lets out early.) Little does she realize how important this meeting is Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life (John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life.) b No sooner than Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely when/ before … Câu đảo ngữ dạng thường dùng để diễn tả hành động diễn sau hành động khác khứ (past perfect + past simple) Ex: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands Hardly had I left before the trouble started (less used) c Đảo ngữ với ONLY only later only in this way only in that way only then only by V_ing/ N only with + N only after + clause only when + clause only if + clause only + adv of time/ place + clause Ex: Only in this way can the problem be solved Only then did she realize the stress he was under Only then did I understand the problem Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently d Đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No At no time ( = never) On/ Under no condition (= absolutely not) On no account + auxiliary + S + V (& not on any account) (= for no reason, absolutely not) (Dù lý khơng) Under/ in no circumstances & not under any circumstances ( = absolutely never; not for any reason) (Dù hoàn cảnh không) For no season 10 Question 10: The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to A It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to B So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to C She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation D So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to Question 11: The football match was so exciting The spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it A Despite the exciting football match, not all the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it B The spectators at the stadium cheered wildly to make the match exciting all through it C When the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly, the football match became exciting all through it D The football match was so exciting that the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it Đề tuyển sinh ĐH 2010 Question 12: The woman was too weak to lift the suitcase A The woman wasn’t able to lift the suitcase,so she was very weak B Thewoman shouldn't have lifted the suitcase as she was weak C So weak was the woman that she couldn'tlift the suitcase D The woman, though weak, could lift the suitcase Question 13: The music was so loud that we had to shout to each other A So loud was the music that we had to shout to each other B Because of loud music, we hadn’t to shout to each other C The music was too loud that we had to shout to each other D We didn’t say loud enough to hear each other Question 14: This flat is too small for my family A This flat is not big enough for my family B This flat is not very big for my family C This flat is not enough big for my family D This flat is not rather big for my family Question 15: The bread was too stale to eat A The bread was not fresh enough to eat B Eating the bread was stale C We cannot eat the bread because it was burnt D It was stale to eat the bread 10 Dạng 10: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “although/ despite/ in spite of….” 50 Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017 lần Question 1: She tried very hard to pass the driving test She could hardly pass it A Although she didn‘t try hard to pass the driving test, she could pass it B Despite being able to pass the driving test, she didn‘t pass it C No matter how hard she tried, she could hardly pass the driving test D She tried very hard, so she passed the driving test satisfactorily Đề thi THPTQG 2017 Bộ GD &ĐT Question : My mother is very busy with her work at the office She still takes good care of us A In spite of being very busy with her work at the office, my mother takes good care of us B Because my mother is very busy with her work at the office, she takes good care of us C My mother is so busy with her work at the office that she cannot take good care of us D My mother is so busy with her work at the office, not to take good care of us Question Nam had all the necessary qualifications They didn't offer him the job A Despite having all the necessary qualifications, Nam was not offered the job B They didn't offer Nam the job as he had all the necessary qualifications C Nam had all the necessary qualifications, so they didn't offer him the job D If Nam had had all the necessary qualifications, he would have been offered the job Đề thi thử THPTQG tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc Question 4: Although he is intelligent, he doesn't well at school A Despite being intelligent, he doesn't well at school B In spite he is intelligent; he doesn't well at school C Although his intelligence, he does well at school D In spite of intelligent, he doesn't well at school Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 Question 5: Most scientists know him well However, very few ordinary people have heard of him A Many ordinary people know him better than most scientists B Although he is well known to scientists, he is little known to the general public C He is the only scientist that is not known to the general public D Not only scientists but also the general public know him as a big name Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối D Question 6: We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping We know relatively little about sleep A We know relatively little about sleep; as a result, we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping B We shall know more about sleep if we spend more than one-third of our lives sleeping C Despite spending about one-third of our lives sleeping, we know relatively little about sleep 51 D We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping sothat we know relatively little about sleep Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối A1 Question 7: Although the teacher explained the theory clearly, the students found it hard to understand it A Though explained clearly, the theory of teaching was difficult to the students B Although the teaching theory was clear, it was a real challenge to the students C In spite of explaining the theoryclearly, the students themselves found it hard tounderstand it D Despite the teacher’s clear explanation of the theory, the students had difficulty understanding it Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối D Question 8: No matter how hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed A However hard Fred tried, he could not lose weight B Fred tried very hard to lose weight and succeeded C It was hard for Fred to lose weight because he never succeeded D It did not matter whether Fred could lose weight Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD & ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 – 2018 Question 9: Alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages It’s not easy to make full use of them A Because alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of them B Alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, so it’s not easy to make full use of them C Despite their environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of alternative sources of energy D Although alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, but it’s not easy to make full use of them Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2011 khối D Question 10: , he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain A He felt very tired though B As he might feel tired C Tired as it was D Tired as he might feel Question 11: Mary was very disappointed, but she tried to keep calm A Feeling disappoined, Mary tried to keep calm, but she failed B Mary was too disappointed to keep calm C Mary lost her temper because of her disappointment 52 D Disappointed as she was, Mary tried to keep calm Question 12 My brother can't find a job He is very well-qualified A My brother can't find a job, and he is well-qualified B My brother can't find a job even though he is very well-qualified C My brother can't find a job, but he is very well-qualified D My brother can't find a job because he is very well-qualified Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2009 khối D Question 13: Mike graduated with a good degree However,he joined the ranks of the unemployed A Mike joined the ranks of the unemployed because he graduated with a good degree B If Mike graduated with a good degree, he would join the ranks of the unemployed C Although Mike graduated with a good degree, he joined the ranks of the unemployed D That Mike graduated with a good degree helped him join the ranks of the unemployed Question 14: , he felt so unhappy and lonely A Despite of his wealth B Rich as was he C Rich as he was D Despite he was so rich Question 15: The new restaurant looks good However, it seems to have few customers A If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better B In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance C In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business D The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better Question 16: He agreed to sign the contract A so he didn’t know much about that company B in spite he knew much about it C because he didn’t know much about that company’s director D although he didn’t know much about that company Question 17: Although she was very old, she looked very grateful A In spite of very old, she looked very grateful B Despite she was very old, she looked very grateful C Despite her old age, she looked very grateful D In spite her being old, she looked very grateful Question 18: Wealthy as they were, they were far fromhappy A They were not happy as they were wealthy 53 B Although they were wealthy, they were not happy C They were as wealthy as they were happy D Even if they were wealthy, they were not unhappy 11 Dạng 11: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “would rather/would prefer/ prefer/ had better” Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối A1 Question 1: She prefers going to the library to staying at home A She would rather go to the library than stay at home B She likes nothing better than going to the library C She does not like either going to the library or staying at home D She stays at home instead of going to the library Question : She prefers going to the library to staying at home A She would rather go to the library than stay at home B She likes nothing better than going to the library C She does not like either going to the library or staying at home D She stays at home instead of going to the library Question 3: I would like you to go home now =>I’d rather…………………………………… Question 4: I would prefer to go in December rather than in May .=> I’d rather……………………………………… Question 5: I prefer starting early to leaving everything to the last minute =>I would rather…………………………………… Question 6: I want you to stay in a hostel rather than in a hotel =>I would rather you…………………………… Question 7: I would like you to find a job => =>I would rather you…………………………… Question8: They would like to build a new house instead of repairing the old one =>They would rather………………………………………… Question 9: We would like you to the work yourself => We would rather you………………………………… Keys Question 3: I would rather you went home now Question 4: I would rather go in December than in May Question 5: I would rather start early than leave everything to the last minute Question 6: I would rather you stayed in a hostel than in a hotel Question 7: I would rather you found a job Question 8: They would rather build a new house than repair the old one Question 9: We would rather you did the work yourself 54 12 Dạng 12: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “fanboys” –“for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so” sử dụng “since = because = as” Đề thi THPTQG 2017 Question Some kinds of fish live in fresh water Others live in sea water A Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, for others live in sea water B Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, and others live in sea water C Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, or others live in sea water D Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, so others live in sea water Question My sister is good at cooking My brother is bad at it A My sister is good at cooking, or my brother is bad at it B My sister is good at cooking, for my brother is bad at it C My sister is good at cooking, but my brother is bad at it D My sister is good at cooking, so my brother is bad at it Question Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies Her classmates appreciate her A Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, but they appreciate her B Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, for they appreciate her C Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, so they appreciate her D Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, or they appreciate her Question We cannot completely avoid stress in our lives We need to find ways to cope with it A As long as we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it B After we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it C Since we cannot completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it D Because stress can completely be avoided in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it Question Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers They are excellent homemakers A Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, and they are excellent homemakers B Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, for they are excellent homemakers C Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, so they are excellent homemakers D Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, or they are excellent homemakers Question Our flight was delayed We decided to spend time at the duty-free shops A As our flight was delayed, we decided to spend time at the duty-free shops B We have been spending time at the duty-free shops since our flight was delayed C We decided to spend time at the duty-free shops in case our flight was delayed 55 D Although our flight was delayed, we decided to spend time at the duty-free shops Question Books help broaden the mind Books also provide a good source of entertainment A Books help broaden the mind, but they provide a good source of entertainment B Books help broaden the mind, and they provide a good source of entertainment C Books help broaden the mind, for they provide a good source of entertainment D Books help broaden the mind, or they provide a good source of entertainment Question 8: They arrived too late to get good seats A As they got there too late, there were no good seats left B Although they were late, they found some good seats C They got good seats some time after they arrived D They had to stand for the whole show Question 9: Smoking is an extremely harmful habit.You should give it up immediately A As smoking is an extremely harmful habit, you should give it up immediately B You should give up smoking immediately and you will fall into an extremely harmful habit C When you give up smoking immediately, you will affect your health with this harmful habit D Stop your smoking immediately so it will become one of your extremely harmful habits Question 10: The robbers attacked the owner of the house A so that they would appear with the expensive painting B and disappeared with the expensive painting C but they appeared with the expensive painting D so they disappeared with the expensive painting Question 11: Everybody laughed at him because he didn’t get the joke A He didn’t tell a joke, so everybody was displeased B Everyone smiled together with him as he knew the joke C Everyone made fun of him as he didn’t understand the joke D His joke was good, but everybody laughed at him Question 12: Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye A The meeting was disturbed as I left saying goodbye B I disturbed the meeting because I said goodbye C I would rather disturb the meeting than leave without saying goodbye D I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting 13 Dạng 13: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “ wish/ if only” Đề thi THPTQG 2016 56 Question 1: He now regrets that he didn’t take the doctor’s advice =>He now wishes _ A He now wishes he took the doctor’s advice B He now wishes he had taken the doctor’s advice C He now wishes he hadn’t taken the doctor’s advice D He now wishes he have taken the doctor’s advice Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 Question 2: I wish I hadn’t accepted the invitation to her birthday party A I insisted on having been invited to her birthday party B I was very glad to accept the invitation to her birthday party C I regret accepting the invitation to her birthday party D If only I had come to her birthday party Đề thi thử THPTQG Sở GD& ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 3: You talk more than you work => The teacher wishes that A you work more than you talk B you worked more than you talked C you worked more than you talk D you had worked more than you had talked Question 4: Susan regretted not buying that villa A Susan wished she had bought that villa B Susan wished she bought that villa C Susan wished she could buy that villa D Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa Question 5: It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this A I wish you told us about this B I wish you would tell us about this C I wish you had told us about this D I wish you have told us about this Question 6: I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness A I wish he will get over his illness B I wish he would get over his illness C I wish he got over his illness D I wish he had got over his illness Question 7: Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer A Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer B Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer C Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer D Peter was glad to buy the secondhand computer 57 Question 8: I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth A I wish you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth B I wish you gave me a chance to tell you the truth C I wish you had given me a chance to tell you the truth D I wish you hadn’t given me a chance to tell you the truth Question 9: It is a pity that I can’t speak English as native speaker A I wish I can speak English as a native speaker B I wish I could speak English as a native speaker C I wish I have spoken English as a native speaker D I wish I couldn’t speak English as a native speaker Question 10:I wish I hadn’t accepted the invitation to her birthday party A I insisted on having been invited to her birthday party B I was very glad to accept the invitation to her birthday party C I regret accepting the invitation to her birthday party D If only I had come to her birthday party 14 Dạng 14: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “relative clauses” Question 1: Soil erosion is a result of forests being cut down carelessly A That forests are being cut down carelessly results from soil erosion B Soil erosion contributes to forests being cut down carelessly C That forests are being cut down carelessly leads to soil erosion D Soil erosion results in forests being cut down carelessly Question 2: He works in the same office with two women They are very beautiful and tactful A The two women’s beauty and tact explain why he wants to work at their office B He works in the same office with two women who are very beautiful and tactful C The offices where he and the two very beautiful and tactful women work are the same D Working in the same office with the two beautiful women makes him very tactful Question 3: Our foods contain thousands of different chemicals However, only a few of them are absolutely essential to our health A To stay healthy with only a few essential chemicals, we have to eat the foods that contain thousands of different chemicals B Containing thousands of different chemicals, foods are absolutely essential to our health C We stay healthy absolutely thanks to eating foods with thousands of different essential chemicals D Our foods contain thousands of different chemicals, only a few of which are absolutely essential to our health Question 4: They are my two sisters They aren’t teachers like me 58 A They are my two sisters, neither of whom are teachers like me B Like me, neither of my two sisters aren’t teachers C They are my two sisters both of those are teachers like me D They are my two sisters who neither are teachers like me Question 5: The agreement ended six-month negotiation It was signed yesterday A The agreement which was signed yesterday ended six-month negotiation B The agreement which was signed yesterday lasted six months C The negotiation which lasted six months was signed yesterday D The agreement which ends six-month negotiation was signed yesterday Question 6: He behaved in a very strange way That surprised me a lot A I was almost not surprised by his strange behavior B His behavior was a very strange thing, that surprised me a lot C What almost surprised me was the strange way he behaved D He behaved very strangely, which surprised me very much Question 7: John Smith is a farmer I bought his land A John Smith, who is a farmer, bought his land B John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer C John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought D John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer Question 8: The boy is called Duncan He sits next to me in class A The boy whose is called Duncan sits next to me in class B The boy who sits next to me in class is called Duncan C The boy whom sits next to me in class is called Duncan D The boy to whom he sits next is called Duncan Question 9: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut It is the second largest city in the state A.The capital of Connecticut, Hartford which is the second largest city in the state B Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, is the second largest city in the state C Hartford, the second largest city in the state, which is the capital of Connecticut D Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, that is the second largest city in the state Question 10:Anna jogs every morning It is very good for her health A Anna jogs every morning that is very good for her health B Anna jogs every morning, which is very good for her health C Anna jogs every morning and then it is good for her health D Anna jogs every morning and is good for her health Question 11: John Montague was an English Earl He invented the sandwich A John Montague, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl B John Montague, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl C John Montague, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl 59 D John Montague, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl Question 12: Mt Everest is the highest mountain in the world It's in the Himalayas A Mt Everest is the highest mountain in the world, it's in the Himalayas B Mt Everest is the highest mountain in the world, in the Himalayas C Mt Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is in the Himalayas D Mt Everest is the highest mountain in the world, is in the Himalayas Question 13: Farmers depend on meteorologists They need meteorologists’ accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning A Due to meteorologists’ accurate forecasts, farmers depend on them for successful agricultural planning B Farmers depend on meteorologists who need their accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning C Farmers need meteorologists’ accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning and so they depend on you D Farmers depend on meteorologists, whose accurate forecasts they need for successful agricultural planning Question 14: The sun provides us with heat and light It is one of millions of stars in the universe A The sun provides us with heat and light, which is one of millions of stars in the universe B The sun which is one of millions of stars in the universe provides us with heat and light C As it provides us with heat and light, the sun is one of millions of stars in the universe D The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light 15 Dạng 15: Tổng hợp cấu trúc từ vựng hay gặp kỹ viết nối câu chuyển câu Đề thi Tuyển sinh ĐH 2010 Question 1: There’s no point in persuading Jane to change her mind A No one wants Jane to change her mind because it’s pointless B It’s possible for us to persuade Jane to change her mind C Jane will change her mind though she doesn’t want to D It’s useless to persuade Jane to change her mind Question 2: We didn’t want to spend a lot of money We stayed in a cheap hotel A In stead of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel B In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel C We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money D We didn’t want to spend a lot of money We stayed in the cheap hotel Question 3: We didn‘t want to spend a lot of money We stayed in a cheap hotel A Rather than spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel 60 B In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel C We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money D We didn‘t stay in a cheap hotel as we had a lot of money to spend Question People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars A Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars B The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area C The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area D Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars Question The doctor is well-known for his dedication A The doctor is reputed to be a dedicated person B The doctor is renowned as his dedication C The doctor has a reputation for being dedication D The doctor was a well-known person with dedication Question 6: The man wanted to get some fresh air in the room He opened the window A The man wanted to get some fresh air in the room because he opened the window B The man got some fresh air in the room, even though he opened the window C Having opened the window, the room could get some fresh air D The man opened the window in order to get some fresh air in the room Question 7: Mike wrote the text He selected the illustration as well A If Mike had written the text, he would have selected the illustration B In order to select the illustration, Mike had to write the text C Mike not only wrote the text but also selected the illustration D The text Mike wrote was not as good as the illustration he selected Question 8: They are not allowed to go out in the evening by their parents A Their parents not want them to go out in the evening B Their parents never let them go out in the evening C Although their parents not allow, they still go out in the evening D Going out in the evening is permitted by their parents Question 9:I can’t help feeling worried about Tom A I find it impossible not to worry about Tom B I don’t worry about Tom C I can nothing to help Tom D I cannot help Tom stop worrying 61 Question 10: Apart from being conveniently located near the beach, that hotel has nothing about it to make me recommend it to you A The only feature of that hotel that I can recommend to you is that it’s close to the beach B The hotel I’ve recommended to you is very comfortable as it is near the beach C The beach near that hotel doesn’t have anything special that I can recommend to you D As regards a hotel, nothing is more important for me than its being close to the beach Question 11: Sports clear my mind They also help me maintain a healthy lifestyle A My mind is cleared so is the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle B Not only sports clear my mind, but they also help me maintain a healthy lifestyle C Sports clear my mind so that I can maintain a healthy lifestyle D All that sports can is to clear my mind instead of maintaining a healthy lifestyle Question 12: Except that the rent is not high, the apartment has nothing to recommend it A Though the rent cannot be recommended, it probably is the cheapest apartment that can be found B The most important thing to consider about a flat is how low the rent is C There are no positive points about the flat apart from the fact that it is cheap to rent D The apartment was recommended to me because of its low rent Question 13: The secret to success is hard work A Working hard ensures success B One must work hard to keep secrets C One cannot succeed if he has secrets D If you keep your work secret, you will succeed Question 14: He decided not to go to university and went to work in a restaurant A Despite of going to university he went to work in a restaurant B Instead of going to university, he went to work in a restaurant C He decided to go to work in a restaurant because he liked it D He went to work in a restaurant instead of to go to university Question 15: You ought to make up your mind now A It is high time you made up your mind B It is possible to make up your mind C You should have made up your mind D Making up your mind is necessary Question 16: The film didn’t come up to my expectations A I expected the film to end more abruptly B The film was as good as I expected C I expected the film to be more boring 62 D The film fell short of my expectations Question 17: He talked about nothing except the weather A He had nothing to say about the weather B He talked about everything including the weather C His sole topic of conversation was the weather D He said that he had no interest in the weather Question 18: It doesn’t matter to them which film they go to A Whatever films are shown, they never see B They don’t mind which film they go to C They don’t care about the cost of the films they see D Which film they go to matters more than the cost Question 19: It is English pronunciation that puzzles me most A Puzzling me most is how to pronounce English B Pronouncing English words is not complicated C English pronunciation is difficult for me D I was not quick at English pronunciation at school Question 20: Because they erected a barn, the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field A They erected a barn, and as a result, the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field B In order not to keep the cattle away from the wheat field, they erected a barn C They erected a barn so that the cattle would get into the wheat field D They erected a barn in case the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field Question 21: They couldn’t climb up the mountain because of the storm A The storm made them impossible to climb up the mountain B The storm discouraged them from climbing up the mountain C Their climbing up the mountain was unable due to the storm D The storm made it not capable of climbing up the mountain Question 22: Only with careful environmental planning can we protect the world in which we live A Careful environmental planning protects the world we live in B Planning the environment carefully, we can protect the world in which we live C Protecting the world we live in, we plan the environment carefully D We can protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning Question 23: You should take regular exercises instead of sitting in front of the television all day A Taking regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day 63 B Sitting in front of the television all day helps you take regular exercises C Sitting in front of the television all day and taking exercises are advisable D Don’t take regular exercises, just sit in front of the television all day Question 24: They left their home early They didn’t want to miss the first train A They left their home early so as to not miss the first train B They left their home early for fear that they wouldn’t miss the first train C They left their home early so as not to miss the first train D They left their home early in order that not to miss the first train PHẦN 3: KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU I KẾT QUẢ CỦA NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ ỨNG DỤNG CỦA CHUYÊN ĐỀ + Về nội dung: Đề tài tập trung nghiên cứu thực gắn với yêu cầu đổi nội dung, phương pháp giảng dạy môn phương pháp kiểm tra đánh giá Những đổi phù hợp với yêu cầu đổi ngành đáp ứng yêu cầu thực tế học để thực hành học để thi + Về ý nghĩa: Đề tài thực tạo nên hướng công tác giảng dạy ngoại ngữ nói chung việc dạy kỹ viết câu nói riêng Đó nguyên tắc dạy học ngoại ngữ: học phải gắn liền với thực hành, học phải luyện tập thường xuyên + Về hiệu quả: Quá trình thực chuyên đề cho thấy đề tài cập nhật với mong muốn học sinh Chuyên đề phần khái quát kiến thức mà học sinh thiếu, lại không dễ dàng tổng hợp Đề tài áp dụng với nhiều đối tượng học sinh khác trường khác => Kết luận: Học sinh có kỹ tốt kỹ viết sống sinh hoạt giao tiếp hàng ngày Đối với thi Ngoại ngữ kỳ thi THPTQG học sinh đạt hiệu cao, đạt điểm tối đa việc giải phần thi kỹ viết câu, em tham gia thi khối D đạt hiệu cao, chí tối đa phần thi 64 ... tra cấu trúc viết lại bước 2=> đáp án: D II Các dạng tập liên quan tới viết chuyển đổi câu nối câu thường xuất thi ngoại ngữ - Đề thi THPTQG Dạng 1: Cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi a Viết chuyển đổi. .. TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU – BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ ” Tác giả chuyên đề - Họ tên: PHẦN II: NỘI DUNG Trong thi ngoại ngữ - kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia, dạng tập sử dụng kỹ viết gồm có câu dạng. .. phần viết chuyển đổi câu nối câu thi Ngoại ngữ Chính vậy, tơi tham khảo tài liệu liên quan, thầy cô, đồng nghiệp, bạn bè, nghiên cứu chuyên đề “ TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG