THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI T R U O N G DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN Ten de tai: SINH VIEN CAC TRir()N(i DAI HOC VOl VIKC LAM THEM HIEN NAY Ma so: GlX - ^^ Hp va ten chii tri: /^7'.V Trdn Thi Minh Due Can bp phoi hpp nghien ciiru: PTS Trinh Hoa Mai - thuky PTS Nguyen Trd Vinh NCS Hoang Mac Lan ThS Le Bdng Tdm CN Trdn Thu Httimg CN Pham Thi Quyen or/m^fO Ha Npi, 15 thang nam 1998 MUC LUC Trang Phan thir I ^ NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG L Dat van de IL Muc dich nghien ciru IIL Doi luetng, khach the pham vi nghien ciru IV Nhiem vu nghien ciru V Phu(tng phap nghien ciru VI Giii thuye't nghien ciru VIL Thai gian thuc hien VIII Mot sd khai niem ca ban IX Tinh hinh nghien cim ve vice lam them ciia sinh vien 5 6 7 Phan thir II: DIEU TRA VA PHAN TICH KET QUA DEEU TRA 16 I Dieu tra Ca ca'u mau dieu tra Noi dung dieu tra 16 16 17 IL Phan tich ket qua dieu tra Thuc trang dai sdng sinh vien va tinh hinh lam them cua sinh vien Mot sd ye'u td tam ly thiic day sinh vien di lam them Ngudn cung cap thong tin lam them cho sinh vien 18 18 33 56 Phan thir III: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI 16 L Ke'l luan Kien imhi 60 64 Phieu Irao diii y kien (Bang cac cau h(M) Tai lieu iham khao Phu luc: Quyeii rieng 66 73 cang kho kie'm viec lam han, nhieu nganh nghe xa hpi dang can lai thieu can bo Khac viii vice lam ciia sinh vidn lot nghiep truang, vice liim them ciia sinh vien la nhirng cong viec ma sinh vien lam dang hoc dai hoc, tire la nhirng nghe phu ma sinh vien lam khoang thai gian nhan rdi de tao thu nhap dap irng cho nhu cau chi lieu va cac nhu cau khac ciia minh Xet ve dao lao, vice gdn qua trinh hpc lap vai qua trinh lam them ciia sinh vien duang nhu la mot kho khan Sinh vien la mot bo phan ciia luc lu(tng lao dong dang can duac trang hi kien thirc de nang ca(^ trinh Nhicm vu chinh ciia ho la hoc tap Nhung tren thuc te sinh vien dang vita di hgc vua di ldm them rat dong, tham chi co nhiing sinh vien danh thai gian cho lam them nhieu han thai gian hoc, va nhung cong vice dd khong he phii h(,tp vai nganh dang theo hoc Thai sinh vien la tuai dep nha't cua tuoi tre ve moi phirang dicn Trong quang thai gian do, quan la ho phai tiep thu kie'n thirc de co the lam chii luang lai va ho cung can phai va cham, thiif thach de truang Mudn lam duac tat ca nhii'ng dieu can co su thu xep ve thai gian va kha nang cho hiyp li Su da dang chon vice lam them hieu hien su nang dong cua sinh vien va su thich nghi vai mpi hoan canh Chinh nhiing dieu da gop philn ren luyen nghi luc ban ITnh de ho virng tin buac vao cuoc song Va'n de noi com vice lam them ciia sinh vien hien eo ban la mang diic diem tu phai, chua co tinh to chirc chat che Cung co nhiing van phong giai ihicu vice liim nhung dap irng duac nhu cau tim vice cua sinh vien lai la ra'l han che Phiin lan sinh vien phai lam nhirng cong vice khiui^ giin gi vai nganh hoc ciia minh Ro rang la de co duac moi cong vice lam them, sinh vien da phai dirng Iruac mot bai loan khi) Vice nghien ciru de xay dung mot he thong to chire vice lam them cho sinh vien dang hoc va hieu duac nhu cau lam them ciia sinh vien la ra.'t quan trpng Nghien cuu ve sinh vien lam them de'n chua co nhieu dac biet lir goc Tiim li hoc Do chinh la nhirng li khien chiing toi manh dan lim hieu van de lam them ciia sinh vien Tuy nhien day mai chi la nhirng nghien ciru buac dau, chile chiin co nhirng thieu xot Chiing toi hi vong se co nhirng nghien ciru ve vil'n de mot each qui mo va rong lim ban / / Mac dich nghien ciiu : Nghien ciru vice liim them ciia sinh vien tren ca set dai sdng sinh hoat cung nhu hoc tap cua hp de hieu dupe mot sd cac dac diem tam li ciia sinh vidn di liim them, qua co nhunh kien nghi ddi vai nhii truang, eac doiin the lao dieu kien giup da cho sinh vien co the vua liim them, vira dam biio duac chill lu(tng hoc tap / / / f)di titimgy khach the vd pham vi nghien citu : L f)oi tuang nghien cuu : Sinh vien ciic truimg d^ii hoc dang di lam them Khach the nghien cuu : Sinh vien dai hoc d Ha Noi Pham vi nghien ciiu : Nghien ciru 413 sinh vien dil va diing liim them a truimg diii hoc a Hil noi (DH kinh le qudc dim DH Qudc giii, DH Ngoai thmmg, DH Xay dung DH kie'n true DH Ngoiii ngu va DH Bach khoa) va phcmg van 15 Trunin tam >iiai thicu vice liim vii Trung lam >iia su d Hii Noi IV Nhiem vu nghien cicii: Tim hieu ve thuc trang dai sdng sinh vien va tinh hinh lam them cua sinh vien hien Tim hieu mot sd dac diem lam li thuc day sinh vien di lam them Tim hieu cac nguon thong tin giai thieu vice lam cho sinh vien V Phuang phdp nghien ciiu : Dieu tra bang bang h()i (ankel) la phuang phap chinh duac sii dung nghien ciru PhcMig Viin sau cac Trung tam giai thieu viec lam va Trung tam gia s u a Hil Noi Phan tich tu lieu qua nhung biii bao viel ve sinh vien lam them Diing phuang phap toiiii thdng ke dd xir li va phan lich ket quii dieu tra - theo chucmg trinh SPSS VL Gid thuyet nghien cicii: Dong ca lam them ciia sinh vien xuat phat tir nhu cau vat chat Sinh vien di lam them co iinh hmmg tai viec hpc tap cua hp Vice liim them cua sinh vien chii ye'u mang tinh tu phat VIL Thdi gian thuc hien: - Cuoi nfim 1995: Bill diiu Ihir nghien ciru hinh thiinh de tai - Nam 1996 : Nhiin dc tai nghien cuu cap DHQG To chirc dieu tra bang biing hd\ - Nam 1997 : Xu ly sd lieu biing hdi bdng truang trinh SPSS Phong vafn sau 15 Trung tam giai thieu viec lam va Trung tam gia su - 1998 dpc sach va tai lieu co lien quan Vie't bao cao va trinh bay - Trong thai gian thuc hien de lai, da dang 02 bai bao VIIL Mot so khdi niem cahdn cd lien quan Co nhieu each hieu ve sinh vien, co quan diem cho rang sinh vien la nhirng nguai hoc Dai hoc, hoac cho rdng sinh vidn la nhung nguai co tri thirc cao tnmg xa hpi Thual ngu" sinh vien co ngudn gdc tir lieng Latinh la Student co nghla la nhung nguai Uim vice vii hoc lap nhiet tinh, nguai tim hieu va khai thac tri thirc Sinh vien lii dai bieu ciia mot nhom xa hoi dupe hinh b(ii dac diem ve trinh hoc van Do lii mot nhom xa hpi dac thii, duac dao tiio theo mot nganh nghe nhil'l dinh Ho co tri thuc vii hoc tap dua tren su nghien cim CO tinh sang tao Ho co khii niing tie'p thu tri thirc nhan loai mot each de dang Day la nhom dac trung cho chuiln muc phat trien xa hoi Cong vice chinh ciia sinh vien la hpc tap va nghien cim khoa hoc a truang, trau ddi kien thirc va phiim chai nhan Ciich Ngoai thai gian hoc tren lap, sinh vien co the tham gia liim nhiing cong viec dang co xa hpi, dupc phap luat cho phep, biing chinh sire hio dpng ciia minh Co the gpi hgc tap Id nghe chinh cua sinh vien, viec ldm them Id nghe phu ciia ho Vice liim them mil sinh vien Iham gia qua trinh hoc tap a diii hoc lii mot nhu cdu de ho khang dinh ban than vii trang trai cho hpc hanh, phu hctp viti nhii'ng yeu cdu miti ciia cuc)c scing Kinh te' thi truang la mot nhung nguyen nhan cho phep sinh vien cam nhan, danh gia diing ve chan gia tri ciia minh Chinh nhung hoat dong lam them tnmg dang hpc ciia sinh vien da tao cho xa hoi CO each nhin nhan, danh gia miti ve chan dung sinh vien viti nhihig chuan muc ciia thcti dai Khac viti tang litp sinh vien truitc day, mpi boat dpng co lien quan de'n nghe nghiep tucmg lai deu phan litn nha nuctc phan bo va xep dat.Vi the' mot thiti gian dai da tirng ICMI tai hinh anh, y niem ciia xa hpi ve ngucti sinh vien, ve chc~) dung cua sinh vien trcmg xa hc)i - Sinh vidn phai la nhiing ngucti lam viec bang tri tue, nhiem vu cua he;) la "diii mai kinh sir" Trong mdt ciia nhieu ngucti, sinh vien la nhii'ng mot sach, ngct ngac va thu dc)ng tructc cuoc scmg Ngay nay, ban than sinh vien cung da'u tranh viti chinh minh phai tao chc^ xa hpi hinh anh m()t anh sinh vien dap xich lc"), gae ccmg cct quan, vat nai ngucti qua ductng mua hang, phu vc")! vira, nia bat chen ct cac quan an Ddi viti hp, di lam them dang hoc la mc)t qua trinh cc") gdng vc'ti chinh minh Iruc'tc dcM hcu cua hien thuc cuc)c sdng Deii viti sinh vien di) chinh la qua trinh hgc d truang ddi, hcK de tu thay deu ban than va quan niem ciia xa hc)i ve minh Viec ke't hctp giira lao dcmg thuc te' va hoc tap ct dai hpc da giiip sinh vien cc') su hieu hiety nhan thiic diing ddn ve ban than va nhiing gia tri dich thuc cua cuc)c sdng Mat khac, su phiit tridn so\ dc)ng ciia nen kinh te' thi tructng dil thiic day linh nilng dong vuctn len ciia sinh vien Ke'l qua la sinh vien dil thuc su hc)i nhiip viti cuoc song xa hc:)i, thuc su thich nghi va tirn^ buc'tc khiing dinh vi tri dich thuc cua minh tnmg xii hoi Vc'ti sinh vien, dgng ca di ldm them cc') lien quan Ic'tn de'n nhu cau tien bac (diic biet hi dc")i vc'ti sinh vien gdc ncuig lhc")n, su chu cap kinh te cua gia dinh la rat hiin che) Chi cc') each di liim mc'ti giiip sinh vien giai quye't duac van de diti sdng va hpc hanh ciia hp Chinh nhu cdu vdt chdt da la mot nhiing dimg cct thoi thiic sinh vien lam viec Lam them khcmg nhirng thoa man nhu cau ve vat chat ma ccm giiip cho sinh vien ci) the tu khdng dinh minh Do la mc)t tn)ng nhiing diem quan trcmg viec hinh ihiinh nhan each ciia sinh vien Viti sinh vien, vice khang dinh minh ccm the hien ct y chi muon duac tu lap cuoc sc")ng, khao klial kham pha thuc tai bang kha nang ciia minh y chi duac bieu hien qua hanh dcing ciia sinh vien xuat phat tir qua trinh tir nhan thire ve thuc tiii cuc)c sc'ing Do di) di lam them la dieu chinh dang Ngoai ra, vice lam them ddi vcti sinh vien se tao dieu kien \d\ de hp ecS the ma n)ng quiin he giao tiep cua minh vc'ti xa hc)i Hiing thii di ldm the hien ct kuig khiio khat kie'm ductc mc)t cong vice nhdm thcni man nhu cau ve vat chill (Ulng thu nhap), nhu can nhan thirc xung quiinh, nhu cau ve giiio lie'p ban be, nhu cau hoat dong miing tinh xa hoi, cc)ng dcmg va nhu cau khang djnh nang luc chuyen mc"^n hay su tu khiim pha hieu biel biin thiin Tren day la melt sd dac diem tam ly quan ct nhiing sinh vidn co nhu cau di lam Nhu cau the hien su mcmg mucui tu hoan thien ban than thc'')ng qua nhung cc")ng vice thuc te' ciia sinh vien ci)n dang di hoc dai hoc IX Tinh hinh nghien ciiu ve viec ldm them cua sinh vien, Dil cc') nil nhieu chinh sach, hc)i nghi ban ve van de vice lam cho ngucti liU) dong ni)i chung vii sinh vien ne'u rieng Tuy nhien dc') mc'ti chi la nhiin^ giai phap giiinh cho nhung sinh vien dil tructng Nhirng ccMi mc)t tcm tiii niia chua ducte quan tam giai quye't dimg mirc - Dc') hi vice Uim cho sinh vien ho cc)n ngd\ tren ghe giang ductng dcii hoc 10 Thuc te' cho thay : Su diti ciia nhii'ng trung tam giiti thieu vice lam chi la nhung hinh thirc dich vu mc^^i gicti cho mpi ngucti ho mudn lam viec Nghien ciru vice lam cho sinh vidn dang hoc m()t each qui mo va khoa hc)c chua ductc de cap Icti Van de sinh vien di lam them hien da ci) mc)t s(1' it cac nhii bao, phc')ng vien de cap de'n, nhung cac bai vie't ciia ho thuang (t dang nhirng bin diing bao hiing ngay, cac phong su tren truyen hinh, tap chi ducti hinh thirc neu va'n de, gcti nhirng vaii de diing sinh trcmg xa hpi Tuy nhien, nhihig biii vie't trdn dil khai quiit mot hire tranh chung ve sinh vien di lam them, chi mudn nghe ma sinh vidn dang lam ciing vcti su cam th('')ng sau silc true'tc nhung ydu cau, tnln tnt cuc)c scmg ciia hp Dd cung la su dc'^uig ciim vc'ti sinh vien, hi su quan lam liti sinh vien mil thuc te'dc') chua duac giai quye't melt each thoa dang Ben canh su dcuig cam ccln cc) su the hicn cua nhirng thai dc) khac nhau: Khen cc'), che cc'), khuyen khich vil phan deli Tham chi cctn cc') ca su canh bdo dcii vc'ti sinh vidn di liim them Dil dirng et gc')c dc) nao dd xet ve sinh vien lam them, thi day cung la mc)t thuc te' xa hc)i thcti ky qua de) di len da cc') nhihig tri thirc luetng lai phiii vat le)n vii buctm trai ln)ng cuel'c scing de cc') tam bdng dai hoc Nhii'ng pham chiit nhiel tinh, nang dong, nhay cam la nhii'ng net neu bat cua sinh vien di lam them Sau teuig hctp nhfrng nghien ciru ve sinh vien liim them the^)ng qua nhiing biii bao giiinh cho cac chuyen muc ve nidn - sinh vien, bao lao de)ng, biio Hii ne)i mc'ti chiing tcli thii'y ve qui me) la khcmg le'tn, tinh khoa hoc chua chat che Song dc') cung hi nhirng du biio true'tc mdi va'n de cua xa he)i - sinh vien vii vice liim them Ce') riit nhieu nhan dinh, danh gia khiic nhiiu ve Viin dc niiy Tran trpng khuyen khich nhu hili biio eua Hoang Linh - Bito Sinh vien, tr 13, si) Xuan Bynh ty- dil viel: 11 "Sinh vien nghin le mc)t nghe - chuyen van ccm dai Khcmg mac ciim, khcmg phan biet viec sang hen, hp lao vao dcmg deti hcu hii Lao dc)ng la dang qui, chi nhirng ke ngoi mat an bat vang mc'ti dang hd then Nhirng ccmg vice helm giiip hp lc')n tlii, tai tao lai nang luemg va chat xam de hue'tng te'ti mai" Va mc)t nhan xet ma bai cir sinh vien lam them nao doc ciing tha'y an ui deli chill : "Tat ca dil tim each hoa nhap vao cue)c scmg day nhirng lo au vil gap gap, khan tructng ve nhip de) Phai chang lii each de tu khang dinh minh Ta't ca sinh vidn co the khac ve sire he)c hay tueu tac nhirng ta't ca deu gielng ct melt diem la deu khcmg ihoiil khe)i vemg tay cua cetm ao gao lien Nhung nhfrng net lo au ay kheing the lam tdt duetc nu cueti sang VC) tu cua tuc'^Ji tre, ni) tiem an mot sire sei'ng manh liel day nhiet huyel " ( Dac san ihiing chin - CLB gia su, Mai Anh - trang 34, 35) Nhan dinh niiy dii khiii quat ductc philn nao me)t so dac diem ciia sinh vidn, de') viec liim thdm deli ve'ti ho nhu me)t buc'tc tap duett de dd dang tiep can vc'ti thuc te' Khi vie't ve mc)t dang nghe lam them ciia sinh vien nghe gia su - bao Hii ne)i Me'ti thiing 12 nam 1996 dii viel : " Nghe me'ti da giai quye't phan nao nhu cau lim vice liim ciia sinh vien, giiip ho cc) ngucui thu nhap chinh dang ngoai giet hoc Vc'ti nhieu sinh vien lam gia su thuc tela mc)t giai phap hfm hieu dd giai quye't nhirng thidu thel'n, khe') khan true'tc mdt " Till ca mpi ngucti deu hieu nlng sinh vien nl'l khe') khiin thieu thel'n va ln)ng mdt ciia ho vice him them ciia sinh vien hi chinh dang Ia su Ihu 58 Thuc t e d a cd rat nhieu trung tam gidi thidu vide lam, djch vu vide lam va tu van viec lam cho sinh vidn, nidn thuelc cac td chirc Doan nien ccing san Hd chi minh, Hdi cuu chie'n binh boat ddng rai rac d khip Ha neli Su boat de)ng ciia trung tiim gia su thue)c truetng dai hoc SPHN I va cac truetng khac da dap irng duetc vdi mdt sd sinh vidn thudc cac khdi tructng su pham cd nhu ciiu di day thdm Nhung qui md ciia nhung trung lam niiy cdn rat nhd, boat ddng kheing may hidu qua vi thid'u su lidn kdi chat che giira trung tam veti sinh vidn, giua trung tilm Uiiy veti trung tiim khac Dac biet la sir lien kdi giira trung liim veti nhirng neti cin tuydn laei dc)ng cdn qua mcmg nen chua thuc su hi cau ndi giira neti ciin lao ddng vii sinh vidn - nhung lao ddng tre mong mucin duetc Uim vide Mat khac, ve td chirc ciia nhii'ng trung lam (dac biel la nhirng trung gia sir) hdi sire le)n xdn, chi cd sd it trung tiim cac Doan the cua truetng id chirc cdn tam yen dn Cdn nhirng trung tam me)t nhdm nhirng sinh vidn hoac viii ngudi dirng ldn td chirc, boat ddng khdng cd nen nd'p ndn de tim dd'n duetc nhirng trung liim Ul ral khd khan Ddi khi, cd nhirng trung tiim chi thud mat bang et nha diin va mdt may dien thoai la quang cao lii me)t trung lam cd the gidi thidu vide lam ndn tim dd'n duetc thi trung tiim dii chuydn di lir nao Hoac cd nhii'ng trung lam quang cao cac giao su uy tin giang day nhung thuc Id chi lii sir gia danh (nhu me)l sd let quang cao) riil dd bit gilp trdn ductng phd Mac dii mc)t be) phan nhirng trung tam gie'ti thieu vide lam dd'n da giai quydi ductc melt phan nhu caii lim vide Uim ciia sinh vidn, giiip ho cd ngudn thu nhap chinh diing ngoiii gid hoc Ve'ti nhieu sinh vidn, lam them da thuc sir lii mdt giai phiip huu hieu dd giai quydi nhii'ng thid'u thdn, nhirng khd khan true'tc mit Nhirng viti nhu cau liim vide ciia sinh vidn le'tn nhu hien niiy thi nhfrng trung tiim gie'ti thidu vicjc Uim, nhirng id chirc Doan the phai cd sir quan tiim ihidl thuc hctn nii'a ddi vc'ti sinh vidn 59 Den da cd rat nhieu trung tam veii tinh chat giiip dd sinh vien tim viec lam nhung chua cd sir td chirc ddng be) va hieu quii Chua ke dd'n mot sd trung tiim gia su hocit ddng thid'u td chirc nhu mot tac gia da vidi trdn bao HaNoi Mdi - 1997 : " Mac dil boat de)ng ciia nhirng trung tam gidi thieu vide lam hidn dang phat trien manh nhung van mang nhieu tinh chat tu phat Nd'u cir de viec td chirc mdt each tu phat nhu nhiing trung tam gia su hidn thi that khd tranh khc)i tinh trang ldn xdn ve nhieu mat Thidi nghi, day la mc)t hoat ddng tich cue cd y nghla xa hdi, hetn niia lai ductc ddng dao sinh vidn nhiet tinh tham gia, rat ndn cd mdt td chirc qui md, mdt djnh hudng phat trien phii hctp, diing din" Phai chiing, diiy Ul melt leti canh bao, me)l de nghi ddi vdi cac ca quan, cac td ehire gie'ti thidu vide lam ddi van de liim thdm cua sinh vidn 60 Phan thu III KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Ket luan : Vide lam thdm ciia sinh vidn hidn dang la mdt van de thcti su rat dang duorc quan Uim Nd phan anh sir bid'n ddi ciia sinh vidn ve nhan thirc, quan niem, djnh huetng giii trj ddi vdi lao ddng Nd the hidn tinh nang ddng, thich nghi ciia sinh vidn ve'ti mdi truetng sdng mdi - mdi trudng sdng ciia ndn kinh te' thj iructng day bid'n ddng va phirc tap Nghidn ciru vide lam them cua sinh vidn la mdt de lai cd y nghla ly luan va thuc tien khdng chi ddi vdi khia canh khoa hoc tam ly, ma cdn can thidi cho sinh vidn, giang vidn va nhirng ngudi lam cdng tac quan ly, cdng tac giao due, cac td chirc, cac trung tam gidi thidu vic^c lam cho sinh vidn Qua nghidn ciru thuc tidn 413 sinh vidn thudc trudng DH d Ha ndi (DH KTQD, DH Ngoai thuctng, DH Qudc gia DH Xay dung, DH Kid'n triic, DH Bach khoa) chiing tdi riit mot sd nhan djnh cct ban ve cdng vide lam them ciia sinh vidn nhu sau : Hoat ddng thuc lien ciia ca nhan phu thuelc vao nhu cau, dc)ng cet va tinh lich cue xii hdi cua cac nhiin dd Vi vay nghidn ciru vice lam thdm eiia sinh vidn chiing tdi ludn dal bdi canh boat delng thuc te ciia he) hoiil dc)ng he)c tap Ngoiii nghien ciru cdn xuat phiit tir nhung dac diem Uim - sinh ly lira tudi, diic didm vc nghiinh hoc cd lidn quan dd'n mdi Irudng sdng va cudc sdng hicin ciia ho Tir nhiirng dac diem chiing 61 tdi rut mdt net dac trung chung nhat d sinh vidn la nhu ciu khat khao cd ductc vide lam them chinh dang Vide phan tich sd lidu dieu tra thuc techo tha'y: nhiing cdng vide cd kha nang kie'm tien nhu quiing cao, day ngoai ngii' va van hoa, dua hang, gia cdng cac mat hang v.v cung nhu nhirng cdng vide mdt thdi cd ve xa la vdi cac tri thuc tre : nhu dap xich Id, nia bat , ban kem, ban quan ao "sida" khdng cdn xa la vdi sinh vidn dai hc)c Cd the ndi, sinh vidn da va dang lam moi nghe cd xil hdi Li quan thiic diy sinh vidn di lam thdm thudng xuat phat tir nhu cau can lien, de dap irng cac dieu kidn val chiil thiel yd'u hang (lien chi tidu cho vide an d, ddng hoc phi va tham chi phuc vu quan he giao tid'p vcti ban be ) Nhu ciu niiy dac biet cin Ihidl ddi vdi nhirng sinh vidn cd ngudn gdc tir ndng thdn Tuy vay sd lieu dieu tra cho thiiy sinh vidn phd cd kha niing dd kie'm vide lam hetn sinh vidn ndng thdn Ngoai nhu cau vat chat, nhu ciu tinh thin nhu mucin khiing djnh ban thiin, mudn met rdng quen biel, mudn liim quen vdi cdng vide tuetng lai ciing due.tc rat nhieu sinh vidn quan tam, dac biet la sinh vidn gdc phd Xet tir gdc gidi tinh, sinh vidn nam di lam thdm nhieu hetn va dd kie'm vide hetn sinh vidn nu Nhirng dac diem nhu: nhanh nhen, xdc vac, khdng quan ngai ciia nam sinh vidn da giup ho dd dang phu he^fp vdi nhieu celng vide da dang va pha tap xa hdi Trong dd, nil sinh vidn chi phii hetp vdi mdt sd cdng vide nhal djnh nhu day van hoii, ngoai ngir, quang eao, phidn djch, gia cdng cac mat hang Vi vay ho kie'm due;c vide lam khd khan hetn nam sinh vidn Tham chi nhii'ng cdng vide nu* sinh vidn thuetng liim cung thiiy nam sinh vidn chidm ti Id diing kd Kdi qua hoc tap cung Ul mdt tieu chi can xem xel ddi ve'ti nhii'ng sinh vidn cd "nghe phu " Khiio sal thue td' cho thay nd'u chi vi muc dich 62 kiem ti^n thi sinh vidn cd ket qua hoc d mirc nao cung cd kha nang kie'm duac vide lam them Nhung chi cd nhung sinh vidn that su kha gidi mdi cd kha nang kiem duc^c nhiing vide lam them phu he;tp vdi nganh nghe tuetng lai ciia minh Thu nhap cua-sinh vidn cao hay tha'p thudc vao tinh chat cdng vide Nhin chung, nhirng cdng vide cd thu nhap cao thudng nti vao nhihig cdng vide cd tinh dich vu kinh Id' Vide day thdm chuydn mdn, van hoa, ngoai ngif cho thu nhap tuetng ddi thap hctn Ciic nganh nghe ma sinh vidn di lam thdm cd nhirng anh huetng tich cue va tidu cue dd'n hc)c tap, sinh hoat ciia ho Tiic delng tich cue tn)ng van de the hien et chd: Qua nhihig cdng vide lam thdm, sinh vidn tret ldn nang ddng hem, thich nghi vdi cudc sdng tell hetn, giai quydi melt phin le'tn nhiing khd khiin ve mat kinh Id' dd dam biio nhiing dieu kidn nhal dinh cho hoc lap Thdng qua vice di liim thdm sinh vidn met re)ng duetc nhung mdi quan he xa hdi, et ho hinh thiinh va phiit tridn kl nang giao tid'p, kl nang ung xu va ciic tri thirc thuc Id' phuc vu liii cho sir hc)c tap et truetng Tat ca nhirng yd'u td la lien de quan cho cudc sdng tuetng lai ciia ho Bdn canh nhung mat tich cue, thi vide di lam thdm cung cd nhiing anh huetng tidu cue ddn he)c tap, sinh boat ciia he) Dieu the hidn et chd theti gian he)c tap ct trdn le'tp vii tu hc)c et nhii bj anh huetng, thiti gian de)c sach va tu nghidn ciru qua trinh hoc tap bj han chd Do cudng Uim vide cang thiing vii sd lucmg thdi gian lam vide tuetng ddi nhieu ndn sinh vidn il cd thdi gian nghi ngcti Vil nd anh huemg true tid'p te'ti sire khoc^, nhat la ddi vdi sinh vidn nfr Dd Ul chua ndi ddn qua trinh di lam thdm mdt sd it sinh vidn dil sa ngii viio nhfrng thdi hu lal xa'u va cac Id nan xa hdi 63 Cd the ndi, dirng lir gdc dao tao, vide di lam them cua sinh vidn da anh hucmg khdng nhd dd'n hoc tap cua sinh vidn Tuy vay tir phia xa hdi, lam thdm cua sinh vidn dai hoc cung di)ng gdp giai quyet mc)t phin nhu ciu djch vu lao dcing xa hc)i Cdn veti sinh vidn, ca che dao tao dai he)c d thdi kinh te' thi trudng la me)l tat yd'u khach quan khien sinh vidn mudn di lam thdm.Vi vay, dii nhan thirc duetc vide bd gid hoc, bdt gid hc)c se anh huctng de'n kien thirc chuydn mdn, cung nhu vide de bj nhidm me)t sd thdi xau, tidu cue xii hdi nhung sinh vidn van uc'tc ao mudn di lam Vide di liim thdm ddi he)i sinh vidn phai cd me)l sd phiim chat phii he;fp nhiit djnh Qua dieu tra chimg tdi thii'y nhirng pham chat duetc ydu ciu cao nhiit dd Ui: nhanh nhen- niing ddng, kid'n ibire-kl niing chuydn mdn Bdn canh dd, nhfrng pham chat nhu: ciin than, kidn tri, bidi irng xir, cd linh thin trach nhiem, ce') ban Ilnh, sire klioe cung cin thidi ddi ve'ti cdng vide lam thdm ciia he), luy nhidn, theo sinh vien khdng phai that cct ban Kidm ductc vide lam ung y, phii he.tp veti nganh hoc, cd thu nhap khdng quii tha'p la me)t thuc Id' khd khiin ddi viti sinh vidn di Uim thdm hien Bcti thuc Id'ho cdn la nhirng ngucti dang di hoc ndn nhirng kid'n thirc, ky nang ciia be) cdn bj han chd' Chi cd nhirng sinh vidn nao khic phuc ducte dieu ho mdi tim kid'm duetc vice lam cd hieu qua, cd the bit nhip ve'ti thj Irudng lam thdm diy sdi ddng vii khic nghidt hien Mac dil nhu cau di lam thdm ciia sinh vidn lii riil ldn, nhung mirc dd hai Idng va thoa miin cdng vide ciia sinh vidn la khdng nhu Nhiing sinh vidn nao kid'm duetc cdng vice cd thu nhap cao, cdng vide phii hc;tp vdi nganh hoc, cdng vide khdng anh huetng dd'n gid giii'c hoc tap, cdng vide il bi xa hdi ldn an thi ho thuetng cd xu hue'tng thd Id cho ban be, ngudi than biel Trong iruitng hetp nguetc lai sinh vidn thuctng dil'u "lung lich" cua minh 64 10 Kei qua dieu tra cdn cho tha'y vide lam them ciia sinh vien hien mang dac diem tu phat, chua cd tinh td chirc cao Dieu the hidn d thirc trang la dai da sd sinh vien tu tim kid'm vide lam cho minh, hoac qua gidi thieu ciia ban be hay nhd sir giup dd ciia gia dinh Tn)ng dd ciic truetng hoc chua quan li duetc sd lao ddng Sd sinh vien tim ductc vide liim qua cac "Td chirc giiti thieu vide lam" chid'm me)t ti Id rat tha'p Cac td chire thuc sir me'ti chi la trung tam mdi giiti cho me)i ngudi cd nhu ciu lao de)ng ndi chung chua chua diip irng duetc nhu ciu Uio ddng ciia sinh vidn Mdt sd trung tiim gia su chuydn gic'ti thidu gia su cho ciic gia dinh Tuy vay Ciic trung tiim gia su hien phin le'tn la hoat dc)ng tu phiit, lc)n xdn Diiy Ul mc)t van de dang ducte cac nha quan ly cjuiin tam Kien nghj Tir kdi qua nghidn ciru vii cac kdi luan trdn chiing tdi manh dan de xuat melt sd kid'n nghi sau : Do vai trd va anh huetng lich cue ciia vice liim thdm ddi ve'ti sinh vidn, van de lam thdm ciia sinh vidn ciin duetc khuyen khich, hd tret va ung he) ciia nhii tructng ciing nhu ciia ciic td chirc doan the xii hdi khiic Vide di lam thdm ciia sinh vidn can phai cd sir kidm tra, theo ddi va giiip dclf cua nha trudng, de viiii de niiy khdng anh huetng ddii hoc tap va sire khoe ciia ho, va klidng dd ho bi anh huctng xil'u ve nhiin each TTiclng qua vice liim thdm cua sinh vien, chiing la thiiy van de diio lao Uong nhii trudng phai cd mdi quan he chat che ve'ti nganh nghe mil xil hdi CO nhu cau Cin da diing hoii cac ngiinh nghe ciic Irudng dai hoc vii can clay cho sinh vidn nhfrng kl niing thuc hilnh 65 Dd'i vcti nhirng sinh vidn da he)c xong cac mdn dai cucmg (bit budc), nen chang can thuc hien chfnh sach dao tao va thi cii theo kieu Tin Chi de tao dieu kidn cho sinh vien cac nam trdn chii ddng vide sip xd'p hetp ly thcti gian theo kha niing va cdng vide lam them ciia minh Can cd chfnh sach kinh Id'ddi vai cac td chire, cdng ty kinh doanh, san xuat, djch vu (nhimg nai hang nam cd nhu ciu tuyen lao ddng chat xam) de ho cd trach nhidm ddng gdp mdt phin kinh phi dao tao cho sinh vidn dang he)C tai cac truetng dai hoc Hoac cac tructng cd the g\d\ thidu sinh vidn CC) nganh hoc phii hetp vdi cac nha may, xi nghiep, cct quan cd nhu cau ciu luyen ngueti Cac neti se chu cap kinh phi cho sinh vidn an hctc va sau tdt nghidp he) se ve dd phuc vu mdt sd nam nhat djnh theo thoa thuan Can cd chinh sach uu lidn vide lam chi cho sinh vidn dai he)C va thiinh lap cac trung tam chuydn gicti thidu vide lam cho sinh vidn Nhiing Imng tilm niiy cd mdi quan he bun cct giiia cac truetng dai hc)c va cac td chire CO nhu cau luydn sinh vidn lam thdm Nhu vay, sinh vidn cd the thuetng xuydn kid'm duetc vide lam phii hetp veti thdi gian va nganh hoc cua minh De cd cai nhin loan didn ve hien luemg di ldm cdn dang di hgc tmng sinh vien, chiing tdi thidi nghi cin tridn khai nghien cuu thdm van di iitly d quy md va pham vi relng khip cac ngiinh cd lien quan nhu giao due hoc, xii hdi hetc, tiim li he)c, lual he)c, kinh te h o c C d nhu vay chiing la me'ti (lira dugc nhihig chinh sach diing din ve sinh vidn 66 Phieu trao ddi y kien Sinh vidn - nhiing tri thirc tre nhiing nha quan ly dal nuc'tc tuemg lai Dd lii van de ciia mai Cdn hdm nay, khdng it sinh vien vira hoc vira lo kid'm sdng Sinh vidn lam them bing nhieu each, vi nhii'ng ly do, muc dich khac Cudi ciing tat ca deu vi tuang lai Dc djnh hudng vide giiip dc"t sinh vidn lam thdm va xay dung chinh sach giai quydi vide liim cho sinh vidn, meti ban ciing chiing tdi tra ldi nhiing y kidn dudi day Biin khdng cin ghi tdn minh vao phidu Xin chan ciim etn ! Cilu : Miiy nam qua ban cd nhan duetc hoc bdng khdng ? 4- Cd + Khdng + Nam cd, nam khdng Ngoai theti gian hoc trdn le'tp, biin sir dung thdi giiin cdn lai ? ( Xd'p theo thir tu uu tidn ve thdi gian tir ddii , nhii'ng vice khdng lam khdng xd'p thir tu) -f Di lam them + Nghidn ciru KH + Tu hoc et nha + Giiip ban be, ngueti than + Hoc thdm nganh khiic + Nghi ngcti, giai tri + Giiip dd gia dinh H- Tham gia boat ddng ciia truetng litp Ciiu : Niioiii ngiinh dane hoc ban cd theo hoc n^^anh khac khdng? + Cd + Khdng 68 Cau : Cd y kien cho ring chat luemg hoc tap ciia nhiing sinh vidn cd "nghe phu" bj giam di khdng cd du thdi gian hoc Theo ban y kid'n dd + Khdng dimg + Cd giam di khdnji dane ke + Dung Nguac lai, chat luane hoc cao ldn Cau 10 : Ban di lam thdm vi : + c i n cd thdm lien + Theo ydu ciu ciia ngueti khac + Mudn tu khiing djnh + Cdng vide tuetng lai + Ban be ldi cudn + Ly khac + Md rdng cac quan he Cau 11 : Ban cd hai Idng ve'ti cdng vide dang lam khdng ? + Cd + Khdng Cau 12 : De cd thu nhap thdm Ban da va dang lam nhiing vide gi ? (Chi khoanh nhirng vide dii va diing Uim) + Dua hiing + Tham gia de tai KH + Day ngoai ngir + Gia cdng cac mat hang -1- Day Viln hoii + Tham gia SX Cdng nghidp + Kinh doanh + Thidi kd' quang cao 69 + Ciic cdng vide mang hinh thirc +Tin hoc tap vu Cau 13 : Cdng vide liim thdm cd phii hetp ve'ti ngiinh hoc ciia biin khdng? + Cd + Khdne + Khi cd khdng Cilu 14 : Ban ihu doan xem cd biio nhidu % sinh vidn dii Uim thdm ? % Khdng biel Vii cd biio nhidu sinh vidn mudn lam them Cilu 15 Khi Uim thdm, trung binh mdi thang ban kid'm ducte biio nhidu (Chi khoanh y ) + Duc'ti 100.000 d/thang + Khoiing tir 200.000 dd'n 30().()()() d/thang + Khoiing lir 300.000 dd'n 400.000 d/lhang + Khoiing tir 400.000 dd'n 5()().()()() d/thang + Trdn 5()().0()0 d/lhiing Cilu 16 : Tlieo hiin, nhfrng sinh vidn thuitng xuydn lam them se thay \u\ Iheo hue'mg niio? (Chi khoanh y ) 70 + Chirng chac hctn, hieu bidi ban + Chai san di, tinh loan nhieu hctn va cd the nhiem nhune thdi xau + Ca hai huetng trdn Can 17 : Ban thuctng tidu lien thu duetc tir lam thdm vao nhihig vide gi ( Xd'p theo tu uu tidn tir dd'n , nhii'ng vide khdng chi lieu khdng xd'p theo thir tu +Tu nudi sdng ban thiin + Thdm vao sinh boat + Giiip da gia dinh H- Dau tu vao Uim iin + Hoc thdm + Tidu vao vide khac Cau 18 : Ndu duetc chu eii'p tien an, hc)c, sinh boat diy dii, ban cd mudn di lam them khdng ? + Cd + Khdng Ciiu 19 : Cdng vice lam thdm dai nhal nao ban da va dang lam (Chi khoanh y ) ? + Due'ti mdt thang + Khoang tir thang dd'n niim + Khoang tir dd'n ihang + Trdn nam 71 + Khoang tir dd'n thang + nam trd len Cau 20: Nd'u cdng viec dn dinh, ban cd thfch lam them mdt nghe phu khac khdng ? + Mdt nghe + Nhieu nghe Cau 21 : Theo ban de kie'm duetc vide lam them, nhirng dac diem ca nhan nao sau day cua sinh vidn cin thiel hetn ? (Xd'p thir tu uu lidn tir de'n 10) + Nhanh nhen nang dc)ng + Ydu nghe nghidp + c i n than, kidn tri + Ngoai hinh can ddi dep + Cd nang lire chuyen mdn + Quen biel re)ng + Giao tid'p ung, xu kheo + Cd ban Ilnh + Cd tinh thin trach nhiem + Sire khoe tdt Cau 22 : Ban hiiy xd'p theo thir tu uu tien tir de'n vao nhirng ngudn thdng tin giiip ban cd vide lam + Qua quang cao -f Tu ban tiem kiem + Qua td chirc, doan the + Gia dinh, he) hang cung cap + ban be gie'ti thieu + Neti can tu ho tim dd'n Cau 23 : Tlieo ban cd ndn cho ban be biel vide ban di lam thdm khdng? + Cd + Khdne Tuv theo Ciiu 24 : Sau klii idl nghiep, neu cd dieu kien, biin cd mucin lam "nghe: phu" nhu hicn nav ? 72 + CO + Khdng + Chua biel Va cudi ciing, xin ban cho bidi ddi dieu ve ban than : Ban lii: + nam + Nir Sinh vien nam thiif: Hc)c lire : + khii gieii + Trung binh Gia dinh ban et: ban et: + Tp - thj Xil + ndng thdn + Ne)i tru + Ngoai trii Mdt lin nira xin chan cam etn ban! QiLic may ddli ve'ti ban ! TAI LEU THAM KHAO Pham Minh Hac, Le Khanh, Tran Trong Thuy - Tam li hoc, NXBGD, 1988 Kovaliop - Tam li hoc xa hoi, NXBGD, 1976 Con I.X - Tam li hoc nien, NXBTPHCM, 1987 Nguyin Le Minh - Thanh nien vai van de viec lam, NXBTN, 1988 Tran Hiep (chii bien) - Tam li hoc xa hoi, Vien KHXHVN, 1996 Nguyin Khdc Vien (chii bien) - Tu dien xa hoi hoc, NXB The Giai, 1994 Nguyin Khdc Vien (chu bien) - Tu dien tam Ii, NXB The Giai, 1995 Tap chf Lao dong va xa hdi -" Nhu cau lam vide cua sinh vidn cac trudng dai hoc ", Trin Thi Minh Dire, sd 6/ 1995, Trang 1- Tap chi Lao ddng va Xa hdi - "Sinh vien va nghe phu", Tran Thi Minh Dire, sd 2/ 1996, trang 4-7 10 Cac bai viel ve sinh vien lam them dang tren cac iap chi : Tien phong chu n_bat, Huong dau miia, Sinh vidn, va cdc hao: Ha Ndi mdi Ha Ndi mdi chu nJiat^ Cdng an nhan dan, Giao due thdi dai, Tudi tre thii dd ... nhihig viin de sau : a Thuc trgng ve doi song sinh vien vd nhung van de ldm them cua sinh vien : * Thuc trgng ddi song sinh vien - Van de hoc bemg ciia sinh vidn, bao nhieu ''/o sinh vien duetc he)i... qua dieu tra 1/ Thirc trang doi song sinh vien va tinh hinh lam them ciia sinh vien : a) Thuc trgng doi sdng sinh vien : Dil tir lilu vice, hoc hiinh ciui sinh vidn hau nhu khdng ccm duetc bao... thiing ciia sinh vien, so lieu dieu tra cho thay : trung binh mdi thang sinh vidn cdn tieu hel tir 300.50().()00d/thang, dd : 37,3% sinh vidn cdn khoang tir 300 - 4()().0()()d/ thang, 26,6% sinh vidn
Ngày đăng: 26/09/2020, 22:18
Xem thêm: