Management information system ralp 7e ch07

• The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use • Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition • Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications • Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works • Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools • Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and the Web Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition • Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved • Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web shopping • Outline a process for creating Web content • Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition • Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them • Identify several issues associated with the use of networks Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Use and Functioning of the Internet • Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information • ARPANET • Ancestor of the Internet • A project started by the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969 Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued) • Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard enabling traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed • Research for a faster Internet: Internet2 (I2); Next Generation Internet (NGI); Abilene • Wireless Internet Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition How the Internet Works • The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another • If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly • If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Figure 7.1: Routing Messages over the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition How the Internet Works (continued) • Data is passed in chunks called packets • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with Internet Protocol (IP) by most Internet applications • Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address on the Internet for each computer Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 10 Internet and Web Applications (continued) • Web auctions • Music, radio, and video on the Internet • Office on the Web • Internet sites in three dimensions • Free software and services Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 31 Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and Web Applications Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 32 Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and Web Applications (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 33 Intranets and Extranets • Intranet • Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products • Slashes the need for paper • Provides employees with an easy and intuitive approach to access information that was previously difficult to obtain Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 34 Intranets and Extranets (continued) • Extranet: a network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners • Virtual private network (VPN): a secure connection between two points across the Internet • Tunneling: the process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 35 Table 7.11: Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 36 Figure 7.8: Virtual Private Network Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 37 Net Issues • Management issues: preventing attacks • Service and speed issues • Web server computers can be overwhelmed by the amount of “hits” (requests for pages) • Routers can become bottlenecks Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 38 Figure 7.9: Typical Sources of Internet Attacks Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 39 Net Issues (continued) • Privacy • Spyware: hidden files and information trackers that install themselves secretly when you visit some Internet sites • Cookie: a text file that an Internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer system • Fraud • Phishing Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 40 Net Issues (continued) • Security with encryption and firewalls • Cryptography: converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text • Digital signature: encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message sender for processing online financial transactions • Firewall: a device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies • Unauthorized sites Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 41 Figure 7.10: Cryptography process Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 42 Summary • The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information • Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed • Internet data is passed in chunks called packets • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 43 Summary (continued) • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an assigned address on the Internet for each computer • Ways of accessing the Internet include via a LAN server, Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and an online service • The World Wide Web is a menu-based system that organizes Internet resources into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page description language for Web pages Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 44 Summary (continued) • A Web browser is software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web • A search engine is a Web search tool • An intranet is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards • An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 45 ... service providers Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition • Originally developed as a document -management system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal... structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 15 Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext Markup Language Principles of Information Systems,... Extranet Users Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 36 Figure 7.8: Virtual Private Network Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 37 Net Issues • Management issues: preventing