Management information system ralp 7e ch03

• Assembling an effective, efficient computer system requires an understanding of its relationship to the information system and the organization The computer system objectives are subordinate to, but supportive of, the information system and the needs of the organization • Describe how to select and organize computer system components to support information system (IS) objectives and business organization needs Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition • When selecting computer devices, you also must consider the current and future needs of the information system and the organization Your choice of a particular computer system device should always allow for later improvements • Describe the power, speed, and capacity of central processing and memory devices • Describe the access methods, capacity, and portability of secondary storage devices • Discuss the speed, functionality, and importance of input and output devices • Identify popular classes of computer systems and discuss the role of each Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Computer Systems: Integrating the Power of Technology • Computer system • Special subsystem of an organization’s overall information system • Integrated assembly of devices used to input, process, store, and output data and information • Hardware • Any machinery—most of which use digital circuits—that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an information system Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Hardware Components • Central processing unit (CPU) • Input devices • Output devices Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Hardware Components (continued) • Communications devices • Primary storage devices • Secondary storage devices Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Figure 3.1: Computer System Components Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Hardware Components in Action • Step 1: Fetch instruction • Step 2: Decode instruction • Step 3: Execute instruction • Step 4: Store results Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Figure 3.2: Execution of an Instruction Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Processing and Memory Devices: Power, Speed, and Capacity • System unit: houses the components responsible for processing— the CPU and memory • All other computer system devices are linked either directly or indirectly into the system unit housing Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 10 Figure 3.12: Storage Area Network Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 31 Input and Output Devices: The Gateway to Computer Systems • Through input and output devices, people provide data and instructions to computer and receive results from it • Selection of input and output devices depends on organizational goals and information systems objectives Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 32 Characteristics and Functionality • Data: can be human- or machine-readable • Data entry: process of converting human-readable data into machine-readable form • Data input: involves transferring machine-readable data into the system • Source data automation: involves capturing and editing data where the data is initially created and in a form that can be directly input to a computer Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 33 Input Devices • Personal computer input devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Voice-recognition devices • Digital computer cameras • Terminals Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 34 Input Devices (continued) • Scanning devices • Optical data readers • Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) devices • Point-of-sale (POS) devices • Automated teller machine (ATM) devices Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 35 Input Devices (continued) • Pen input devices • Light pens • Touch-sensitive screens • Bar-code scanners • Radio-frequency identification (RFID) Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 36 Output Devices • Display monitors • Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) • Active-matrix • Passive-matrix Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 37 Output Devices (continued) • Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) • Printers and plotters • Computer output microfilm (COM) devices • Music devices Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 38 Computer System Types, Selecting, and Upgrading • Computers can be classified as either special purpose or general purpose • Special-purpose computers: used for limited applications by military and scientific research groups • General-purpose computers: used for a wide variety of applications Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 39 Computer System Types • Handheld computers • Portable computers • Thin client • Desktop computers Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 40 Computer System Types (continued) • Workstations • Servers • Mainframe computers • Supercomputers Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 41 Selecting and Upgrading Computer Systems • Hard drive considerations • Main memory considerations • Printer considerations • DVD burners Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 42 Summary • Hardware: machinery that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an information system • Hardware components include central processing unit (CPU), input and output devices, communications devices, primary storage devices, and secondary storage devices • Random access memory (RAM): temporary and volatile • Read-only memory (ROM): usually nonvolatile Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 43 Summary (continued) • Multiprocessing: simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time • Sequential access: records must be retrieved in order • Direct access: records can be retrieved in any order • Examples of secondary storage devices: magnetic tapes and disks, optical disks, and DVDs • Enterprise storage options: attached storage, network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area network (SAN) Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 44 Summary (continued) • Examples of input devices: keyboards, mice, voice-recognition devices, terminals, scanning devices, and touch-sensitive screens • Examples of output devices: display monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), printers, and plotters • Computers can be classified as either special purpose or general purpose • Computer system types: handheld computers, portable computers, desktop computers, workstations, servers, etc Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 45 ... computer system requires an understanding of its relationship to the information system and the organization The computer system objectives are subordinate to, but supportive of, the information system. .. computer systems and discuss the role of each Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Computer Systems: Integrating the Power of Technology • Computer system • Special subsystem of... of an information system Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition Hardware Components • Central processing unit (CPU) • Input devices • Output devices Principles of Information Systems,