Unit 10 healthy lifestyle and longevity

UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY (LỐI SỐNG LÀNH MẠNH VÀ TUỔI THỌ) A VOCABULARY New words be attributed to Meaning quy cho Picture Example These diseases were attributed to some certain kinds of food /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ they eat every day Những bệnh quy cho số loại thực phẩm mà họ ăn hàng ngày boost /buːst/ (v) đẩy mạnh, nâng lên You will boost your immune system if you have a healthy lifestyle Hệ miễn dịch nâng cao bạn có lối sống lành mạnh dietary /ˈdaɪətəri/ (adj) thuộc chế độ ăn uống I think diary habits are difficult to change Tôi nghĩ thói quen ăn uống khó thay đổi immune system hệ miễn dịch Stress can weaken our immune system /ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/ (n) Căng thẳng gây suy giảm hệ miễn dịch life expectancy /laɪf ɪkˈspektənsi/ (n) tuổi thọ Life expectancy has increased dramatically in our country recently Tuổi thọ tăng đáng kể nước ta thời gian gần longevity sống lâu, Longevity is linked with low /lɒnˈdʒevəti/ (n) trường thọ, levels of stress and anxiety tuổi thọ Tuổi thọ cao có liên quan đến mức độ căng thẳng lo lắng thấp meditation thiền định /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ (n) Practising mediation is a good way to keep your mind stressfree Thực hành thiền định phương pháp tốt để giữ tâm trí khơng bị căng thẳng natural remedy phương pháp /ˈnætʃrəl ˈremədi/ (n, trị liệu dựa vào p) thiên nhiên You should try natural remedies before taking any medicine Bạn nên thử phương pháp chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước dùng loại thuốc nutrition dinh dưỡng /njuˈtrɪʃn/ (n) Good nutrition is necessary to help patients to make a quick recovery Chế độ dinh dưỡng tốt cần thiết để giúp bệnh nhân hồi phục nhanh nutritious bổ dưỡng, có /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ (adj) chất dinh This kind of food is especially dưỡng nutritious Loại thực phẩm đặc biệt bổ dưỡng prescription medicine thuốc bác sĩ /prɪˈskrɪpʃn - ˈmedsn/ kê đơn (n) You should remedies try natural before taking prescription medicine Bạn nên thử phương pháp chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước dùng thuốc theo đơn bác sĩ stress-free không bị căng One of the most effective ways /stress - fri:/ (adj) thẳng to keep your mind stress-free is practicing mediation Một phương pháp hiệu để giữ tâm trí khơng bị căng thẳng thực hành thiền định workout luyện tập thể I a 15-minute workout /ˈwɜːkaʊt/ (n) lực every morning Tôi tập thể dục 15 phút sáng B GRAMMAR Conditionals in reported speech Khi động từ tường thuật thì "thì" động từ câu điều kiện giữ nguyên chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp Khi động từ tường thuật khứ, tuân theo quy tắc chung sau đây: Direct speech Type Reported speech unchanged (simple fact or general truth): không thay đổi Type  unchanged (if reported simultaneously or still true): không thay đổi lời nói tường thuật lại lúc cịn  become type (if the reported statement is out-ofdate): trở thành câu điều kiện loại lời nói tường thuật qua Type  usually unchanged (ifthe reported statement is still true): thường không đổi (nếu lời nói tường thuật cịn đúng) E.g: "People die if they don't drink water in three days", he said (Type 0)  He said (that) people die if they don't drink water in three days "If you miss the bus, you'll be late for the meeting", my husband said (Type 1)  My husband said if I miss the bus, I'll be late for the meeting (reported simultaneously; the bus hasn't arrived yet.)  My husband said if I missed the bus, I'd be late for the meeting (The reported statement is out-of-date; she was probably late for the meeting) "If I were rich, I could buy a car." (Type 2)  He said if he were rich, he could buy a car Reported speech with infinitives: * Form 1: S + V + O + (not) + to V Các động từ thường gặp dạng ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối thúc); encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở), command (ra lệnh), entreat (nài xin), expect (mong đợi), forbid (ngăn cấm), invite (mời), instruct (hướng dẫn), persuade (thuyết phục), recommend (khuyên), request (yêu cầu) E.g: "Don't forget to get up early.", my mother said  My mother reminded me to get up early (Mẹ nhắc nhở thức dậy sớm.) * Form 2: S + V + to V Các động từ thường gặp dạng promise (hứa); threaten (đe dọa); agree (đồng ý); offer (đề nghị giúp ai); refuse (từ chối); propose (có ý định), volunteer (tình nguyện), hope (hi vọng), demand (yêu cầu), guarantee (bảo đảm), swear/ vow (thề nguyền) E.g: "I will kill you if you call the police", the man said  The man threatened to kill me if I called the police Reported speech with gerunds: * Form 1: S + V + O + V-ing/ N Các động từ thường gặp dạng là: Apologize / apologise (to O) for V-ing: xin Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn việc lỗi (ai) việc gì Accuse + O + of V-ing: buộc tội điều Suspect + O + of + V-ing: nghi ngờ làm gì Congratulate + O + on V-ing: chúc mừng Warn + O + against V-ing: cảnh báo/ cảnh việc cáo khơng nên làm Forgive + O + for + V-ing: tha thứ cho Criticize/ Reproach + O + for + Ving: việc trích/ phê bình việc Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + Blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho việc ~ from V-ing: ngăn cản khơng cho làm Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc cho E.g: "I won't allow you to play games", the mother said to the boy  The mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games * Form 2: S + V + Ving Các động từ thường gặp dạng là: advise (khuyên); suggest (đề nghị); admit (thừa nhận/ thú nhận); deny (phủ nhận), stop (ngừng) E.g: "I didn't that", he said  He denied doing that * Form 3: S + V + giới từ + Ving Các động từ thường gặp như: Dream (dreamt I dreamed) of V-ing (mơ việc / điều gì) Insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì) Look forward to V-ing (mong đợi làm việc gì) Think (thought) of V-ing (nghĩ đến việc gì) E.g: "I want to become a teacher", the girl said  The girl dreamed of becoming a teacher ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech "If I catch the plane I'll be home by four o'clock", she said  _ "You will recover quickly if you follow the doctor's advice", my mother said  _ "What would you if you were having a problem with grammar, Nga?", Huyen asked  _ "If I were you, I'd stop smoking", she said to her brother  _ "If you heat ice, it melts" he said  _ Bài 2: Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences "I'll send you a postcard." He told us that he us a postcard "We've bought a new car." They told me they a new car "I don't speak French." She said that she French "You failed your art exam." You said that we our art exam "I can't drive." He said drive "You look nice." He told me that I nice "We're going ice-skating." They said they ice-skating "The students aren't listening to me." The teacher said the students to her Bài 3: Complete the sentences using reported speech My sister said, "I won't be able to be at the next game" My sister said that , to be at the next game My grandmother said, "A long time ago there were no cell phones!" My grandmother said that a long time ago no cell phones Mr Smith advised me," I would not go there if I was you! Mr Smith advised me there The doctor said, "You must stay in bed until next Monday!" The doctor ordered me until the following Monday Bob wanted to know, "Will you be at the party on Saturday?" Bob wanted to know at the party on Saturday? Jerry asked me, "Did you see the car over there?" Jerry asked me the car over there The teacher said to Mary "Please stand up." The teacher Tim said, "I am going to work for a new company next month." Tim said that he for a new company the following month Jenifer wondered, "Is he a club member?" Jenifer wondered a club member 10 Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe." Mary said that from Europe Bài 4: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box told said advised warned suggested asked offered ordered "I’d go and see a doctor if I were you," Alex said to me Alex me to go and see a doctor "Can you come and help me with this box?" John me to help him with the box "This is an exam Mr John!! Shut up now!!!" The headmaster Mr John to shut up "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!" His mother him that the road was very dangerous and to be careful "Manchester United won the match last night." The journalist that Manchester United had won the match the previous night "Why don't we go and see that new film at the cinema." Bill going to see the new film at the cinema "I can come and look after the children tomorrow night." Jane to come and look after the children the following day "The lesson starts at six o'clock in the evening." The teacher us that the lesson started at six in the evening Bài 5: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box denied offered suggested congratulated encouraged complimented admitted refused begged demanded I know you can it Take the exam again He him to take the exam again The accident was all my fault She that the accident was her fault That's a very elegant dress you're wearing, Susan He Susan on wearing such an elegant dress Well done! You have got great exam results She him on getting great exam results I want to speak to the manager! - NOW!! He to speak to the manager at once Shall we spend a quiet evening at home? She spending a quiet evening at home There is not way I am going on holiday with my mom and dad He to go on holiday with his mom and dad Oh please! Let me go to the party, mum She her mum to let her go to the party No, it wasn't me I didn't eat the last chocolate biscuit He eating the last chocolate biscuit 10 Those bags look heavy Can I give you a hand? She to give him a hand with the bags Bài 6: Complete the story with the correct reporting verbs from the box refused warned advised offered promised agreed invited Grandma (1) Lisa to come to her cottage for lunch Lisa (2) to visit and (3) to bring a basket of fruit Grandma (4) her not to take the path through the woods because it was dangerous "And you must promise not to talk to any strangers!" said grandma Lisa (5) not to On the way to Grandma's cottage, Lisa met a stranger and he (6) her to take the path through the woods because it was shorter Fortunately, Lisa remembered her promise to Grandma and she (7) to listen to the stranger ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 7: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions I'd (A) like (B) to thank your brother (C) for (D) your help Ms Emily (A) told to Alice (B) to give (C) her (D) a hand 3 (A) My mother advised (B) me (C) buying (D) that house Linda (A) asked Kelly (B) whether (C) did she like sports (D) or not He asked Mary (A) how many (B) people (C) there are in (D) her family (A) A tourist asked (B) how far (C) was it from Ho Chi Minh City CD) to Hanoi She (A) wanted to know (B) Tom if would (C) have time to play badminton (D) regularly The teacher asked me (A) if I (B) was listening (C) to music (D) now David (A) asked me (B) did not to (C) stay up late and advised me (D) to go to bed early 10 He promised (A) coming (B) with her (C) as soon as he (D) was ready Bài 8: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said to me A He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night B He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight C He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight D He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night "If I were you, rd marry him." she said to me A She said to me that if I were you, I'd marry him B She will marry him if she is me C She suggested to marry him if she were me D She advised me to marry him "I'm sorry for being late again." said Lisa A I felt sorry for Lisa's being late again B Lisa was sorry for my being late again C Lisa excused for my being late again D Lisa apologized for being late again "How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!" Peter said to Mary A Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress B Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress C Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress D Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress "You shouldn't have told the truth, Kelly!" said Tom A Tom suspected that Kelly had told the truth B Tom criticized Kelly for having told the truth C Tom accused Kelly of having told the truth D Tom blamed Kelly for having told the truth "Don't forget to your homework," my mother said A My mother ordered me to my homework B My mother asked me to my homework C My mother reminded me to my homework D My mother simply wanted me to my homework 7 "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill your boy," the kidnappers told him A The kidnappers ordered to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom B The kidnappers pledged to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom C The kidnappers threatened to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom D The kidnappers promised to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom "I will pay back the money, Kate."said Bill A Bill apologised to Kate for borrowing her money B Bill offered to pay Kate the money back C Bill promised to pay back Kate's money D Bill suggested paying back the money to Kate The captain to his men:"Leave there immediately!" A The captain suggested his men leave there immediately B The captain ordered his men to leave there immediately C The captain invited his men to leave there immediately D The captain requested his men to leave there immediately 10 "Go on, Mary! Apply for the job", the mother said A The mother wanted Mary not to apply for the job B The mother invited Mary to apply for the job C The mother denied applying for the job D The mother encouraged Mary to apply for the job Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences in reported speech Tim said "Please come to my party"  Tim invited me My teacher said, "I think you should improve your pronunciation."  My teacher advised me _ Mrs Hoa said, "You may use the phone"  Mrs Hoa permitted me The doctor said, "Take a deep breath"  The doctor told the patient My husband said, "Make an appointment with the dentist"  My husband reminded me "Sorry, I am late." Mary said  Mary apologized The judge said, "You must pay a fine of one hundred dollars"  The judge ordered Mr David Jane said "Don't touch the hot pot"  Jane warned me not Susan said "Don't buy a used car"  Susan advised me not 10 "You can't run out of the garden" Ms Lan said to the children  Ms Lan prevented Bài 10: Write the sentences in reported speech, using reporting verbs in brackets I'm sorry I broke the glass", said David, (apologize)  David "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?", he told me (advise)  He "Shall we go for a walk?" she said, (suggest)  She "1f I were rich, I would travel around the world", my father said to me (told)  My father "Don't forget to phone me when you get to New York", said my mom (remind)  My mom "I broke your old vase", she said in tears, (admit)  She "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach, (warn) => The coach "Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?", he said, (invite)  He  ... very dangerous and to be careful "Manchester United won the match last night." The journalist that Manchester United had won the match the previous night "Why don't we go and see that new... because it was dangerous "And you must promise not to talk to any strangers!" said grandma Lisa (5) not to On the way to Grandma's cottage, Lisa met a stranger and he (6) her to take... warned suggested asked offered ordered "I’d go and see a doctor if I were you," Alex said to me Alex me to go and see a doctor "Can you come and help me with this box?" John me to help