Unit 6 global warning

UNIT 6: GLOBAL WARMING (SỰ NĨNG LÊN TỒN CẦU) A VOCABULARY New words absorb Meaning thấm, hút, hấp thu /əbˈzɔːb/ (v) Picture Example We should plant more trees as they absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen Chúng ta nên trồng thêm xanh chúng hấp thụ khí cácbon đi-ơ-xít thải khí ơ-xi atmosphere khí /ˈỉtməsfɪə(r)/ (n) A large amount of gas emissions are released into the atmosphere Một lượng lớn khí thải bị xả vào khí awareness nhận thức, hiểu /əˈweənəs/ (n) biết, quan tâm We should raise public awareness of protecting the environment Chúng ta nên nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng bảo vệ mơi trường ban cấm /bỉn/ (v) Some chemicals were banned because of their damaging effect on the environment Một số chất hóa học bị cấm ảnh hưởng chúng gây thiệt hại tới môi trường capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ (v) lưu lại, giam giữ lại Forests absorb and capture CO2 from the atmosphere Rừng hấp thụ giữ lại khí CO2 từ khí carbon footprint /ˌkɑːbənˈfʊtprɪnt/ (n) lượng khí CO2 thải ngày cá nhân nhà máy We should take some measures to reduce our carbon footprint Chúng ta nên thực số biện pháp nhằm giảm thiểu lượng khí CO2 thải hàng ngày catastrophic thảm khốc, thê thảm Global warming results in catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/ (n) weather patterns such as floods or droughts, which can have an impact on human lives Sự nóng lên tồn cầu gây kiểu thời tiết khắc nghiệt lủ lụt hay hạn hán, ảnh hưởng đến sống người clean-up /ˈkliːn ʌp/ (n) dọn dẹp, làm sạch, tổng vệ sinh They raised money for the clean-up by creating and selling paintings of birds Họ quyên góp tiền cho tổng vệ sinh cách vẽ bán tranh loài chim climate change biến đổi khí hậu /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ Global warming can lead to (n) climate change Sự nóng lên tồn cầu dẫn đến biến đổi khí hậu diversity đa dạng /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n) We cannot exist without species diversity on Earth Chúng ta khơng thể tồn mà khơng có đa dạng loài Trái Đất ecological thuộc sinh thái /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj) Deforestation is one of the biggest threats environmental to the ecological balance in the world Nạn phá rừng số mối đe dọa môi trường lớn cân sinh thái giới ecosystem hệ sinh thái /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (n) Pollution can have negative impacts on the ecosystem Sự nhiễm gây ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lên hệ sinh thái emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ (n) phát (sáng), tỏa (nhiệt), xả (khí) The governments make efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse Chính phủ nước nỗ lực giảm thiểu khí thải nhờ kính famine nạn đói /ˈfỉmɪn/ (n) Crop failure could result in famine in this area Sự mùa gây nạn đói khu vực fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ (n) phân bón Because farmers used too much chemical fertilizer on the farm, they have to drink polluted water Do nơng dân sử dụng q nhiều phân bón hóa học đồng ruộng, họ phải uống nguồn nước ô nhiễm greenhouse gas /ˌɡriːnhaʊs ˈɡỉs/ chất khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính There should be more feasible solutions to reduce greenhouse gases (n) Cần giải pháp khả thi nhằm giảm thiểu khí nhà kính heat-related /hiːt - rɪˈleɪtɪd/ có liên quan tới nhiệt (adj) Global warming can contribute to heat- related illnesses Sự nóng lên tồn câu góp phần gây bệnh liên quan đến nhiệt lawmaker /ˈlɔːmeɪkə(r)/ (n) người làm luật, nhà lập pháp These lawmakers are arguing over the new healthcare reform bill Các nhà lập pháp tranh luận dự luật cải cách y tế oil spill tràn dầu /ɔɪl - spɪl/ (n, p) After the oil spill, the water around the island was toxic to animal life Sau cố tràn dầu, nguồn nước xung quanh đảo gây độc hại đến sống loài động vật A VOCABULARY Perfect gerunds (Danh động từ hoàn thành) • Hình thức having + pp (chủ động); having been + pp (bị động) • Chức năng: Dùng thay cho hình thức danh động từ nhấn mạnh hành động xảy khứ trước hành động động từ câu E.g: She denied having stolen the bike (Cô phủ nhận lấy trộm xe đạp.)  nhấn mạnh hành động "having stolen the bike - lấy trộm xe đạp" xảy trước hành động "she denied- cô phủ nhận" Danh động từ hồn thành dùng cấu trúc sau: a V + O + Prep + Perfect Gerund Các động từ thường gặp accuse sb of (buộc tội ai); apologize sb for (xin lỗi ai), admire sb for (ngưỡng mộ ai), blame sb for (đổ lỗi cho ai), congratulate sb on (chúc mừng ai), criticize sb for (chỉ trích ai), praise sb for (khen ngợi ai), thank sb for (cảm ơn ai), suspect sb of (nghi ngờ ai), E.g: The police blamed him for having cut down the oldest tree in the park b V + Perfect Gerund Các động từ thường gặp admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), forget (quên), mention (đề cập), remember (nhớ), regret (hối tiếc, hối hận), E.g: I admit having stolen his money Lưu ý: Tùy vào ngữ cảnh sử dụng danh động từ đơn (gerunds) hay danh động từ hoàn thành (perfect gerunds) Trong số trường hợp thấy rõ hành động xảy trước cần sử dụng danh động từ đơn mà khơng cần dùng danh động từ hồn thành để nhấn mạnh E.g: She denied stealing the bag Perfect participles in clauses of time and reason (Phân từ hoàn thành mệnh đề thời gian lý do) a Hình thức: having + PP (chủ động); having been + pp (bị động) E.g: Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends (Sau làm xong tập nhà, cậu chơi với bạn.) b Chức Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành để: - Rút gọn mệnh đề hành động mệnh đề xảy trước hành động khác E.g: He finished his homework and then he went out with his friends  Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends - Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian E.g: After he had got up, he brushed his teeth  After having getting up/ Having getting up, he brushed his teeth - Giải thích lý cho hành động mệnh đề E.g: Having lost the game, they cried a lot Lưu ý: Mệnh đề rút gọn gọi mệnh đề phân từ (participle clauses); hai hành động có chủ ngữ ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle _ (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine 2 _ (drink) one liter of water, she really needed to go to the toilet _ (leave) the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore _ (finish) her phone call, she went back to work _ (lose) ten kilograms, Daisy finally fit into her favorite dress again Bài 2: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle Decide whether to use active or passive voice (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents _(write) the test, we felt relieved _ (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening _ (send) to counter 20,1 had to return to counter _ (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences _ (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi _ (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss _ (interrupt) several times, she was rather annoyed _ (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker 10 (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital Bài 3: Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a perfect participle We switched off the lights before we went to bed  we went to bed The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play  the boy went out to play As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself  he didn't drive home himself We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted  we are very exhausted She filled the washing machine and switched it on  she switched it on She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning  she overslept in the morning We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening  we were sunburned in the evening She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate  she wasn't able to concentrate Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him  I didn't recognize him 10 I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle  I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle Bài 4: Change the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause We are lying in the sun and we are enjoying life  , we are enjoying life The boy had brushed his teeth He was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television  , the boy was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television The children sat on their beds and watched the thunderstorm  the children watched the thunderstorm They were surprised by a sudden storm and had to seek shelter under a tree  , they had to seek shelter under a tree When they had found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure  , they started searching for the treasure Bài 5: Rewrite the sentences with participle clauses Mary left school early because he felt sick  _ The teacher was impressed by Michael's work, so she gave him the highest score  _ Because he hadn't studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it  _ As I haven't received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone  _ The golden ring, which was stolen weeks ago, was found  _ As I have an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you  _ When my sister heard the good news, she wanted to cry  _ Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father  _ After he had been told to wash the dishes, David entered the kitchen with a frown  _ 10 As I had been to New York before, I knew where to find a good hotel  _ ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 6: Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect) When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone 4 Jim spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving late She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception As she was a nurse, she knew what to after the accident 10 He had spent his childhood in Hue City so he knew the city well 11 The fruit was expensive because it was imported 12 We had spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel 13 As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings 14 Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography 15 Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area Bài 7: Choose the best answer He thought that such a trifle was not worth _ A being mentioned B having mentioned C mentioning D to be mentioned I'm surprised at your _this book so quickly How did you manage to it? A being read B having read C having been read D reading I thought of _Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda A asking B having asked C my asking D to ask The fear _for what he had done made him run away A being punished B of being punished C of punishing D to be punished This work should be no problem for him He is used to _it A being done B C doing D having done She was tired She didn't feel capable _anything A doing B about doing C fordoing D of doing He apologized in advance for _to see us during our visit A being not able B having been not able C not being able D not having been able It is no use _it He is not listening to you A by repeating B in repeating C of repeating D repeating We have no objection _him A for inviting B of inviting C to inviting 10 I was reading a book when she burst into my room without _ A being seen B knocking C saying goodbye D turning on the light D to invite Bài 8: Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses Susan was lying in the sun She got sunburned  Tim has just retired He is now able to spend more time gardening  They bought their tickets and went to find a seat  The student sat in front of the computer and wrote his essay  Some people argue against school uniforms They feel children should wear what they want to  Some students are disappointed in their progress at school These students often not go into further education  Children not have the maturity to make every choice themselves They need a parent or guardian to make decisions on their behalf  I didn't want to break the law I called the police instead  John travelled overseas a lot as a teenager He learns different cultures and customs  Bài 9: Choose the best answer _ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous A Having slept B Have slept C Having been slept D Have been slept By the time their baby arrives, the Smiths hope _painting and decorating the new nursery A having finished B to have finished C having been finished D to have been finished She's angry about _to the farewell party last night A not having invited B not to have invited C not having been invited D not to have been invited We decided not to travel, _ A having heard B to have heard C having been heard D to have been heard I'd love _to the party, but it was impossible A having gone B to have gone C having been gone D to have been gone I don't recall _him at the conference A having seen B to have seen C having been seen D to have been seen _in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights A Having painted B To have painted C Having been painted D To have been painted The stockbroker denied _of the secret business deal A having informed B to have informed C having been informed D to have been informed They now regret _their son by providing too many material possessions A having spoiled B to have spoiled C having been spoiled D to have been spoiled 10 _to the party, we could hardly refuse to go A Having invited B To have invited C Having been invited D To have been invited 11 Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him He's lucky _a second chance A having given B to have given C having been given D to have been given 12 Are you sure you told me? I don't recall _about it A having told B to have told C having been told D to have been told Bài 10: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets The missing children were last seen _ (play) near the river _ (complete) the book, he had a holiday _ (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases The accident seems _ (happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday The shoes _ (make) in China is cheap Last year I studied abroad I appreciate _ (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country _ (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast Alex doesn't like to have her picture _ (take) She avoids _ (photograph) I don't agree with _ (smack) children if they something wrong 10 The book _ (publish) last month is her first novel 11 _ (photocopy) all the papers, Sally put them back in the file 12 I found a coin _ (lie) on the sidewalk 13 Our mechanic said that he expects _ (fix) the brake on the car before we pick it up 14 It is unpleasant for us _ (live) near busy airports 15 _ (park) the car about a kilometre from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way ... thực số biện pháp nhằm giảm thiểu lượng khí CO2 thải hàng ngày catastrophic thảm khốc, thê thảm Global warming results in catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/ (n) weather patterns such as floods or droughts,... cho tổng vệ sinh cách vẽ bán tranh lồi chim climate change biến đổi khí hậu /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ Global warming can lead to (n) climate change Sự nóng lên tồn cầu dẫn đến biến đổi khí hậu diversity... khả thi nhằm giảm thiểu khí nhà kính heat-related /hiːt - rɪˈleɪtɪd/ có liên quan tới nhiệt (adj) Global warming can contribute to heat- related illnesses Sự nóng lên tồn câu góp phần gây bệnh liên