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MINISTRY OF PLANNING MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND INVESTMENT AND TRAINING CENTRAL INSTITUE FOR ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT BUI THI QUYEN IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENES CAPACITY OF VIETNAMESE POSTAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION Major: Economic Development Code: 9.31.01.05 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS Ha Noi - 2020 Thesis was completed at: Central Institue For Economic Management Supervisors: Dr Nguyen Thi Tue Anh Assoc.Prof.,Dr Vu Duc Thanh Review 1: Assoc.Prof.,Dr Bui Van Huyen Review 2: Assoc.Prof.,Dr Le Thi Lan Huong Review 3: Assoc.Prof.,Dr Vu Sy Cuong The thesis will be protected before the Institutional Review Board meeting at the Central Institute for Economic Management at / /2020 The thesis can be found at: - Library of Central Institute for Economic Management - National Library, Hanoi INTRODUCTION Rationale In current economic context, postal service is considered one of the country's key service sectors, with rapid growth, contributing significantly to national income and creating more employment Vietnam is in the process of being integrated into the global economy, actively preparing the necessary conditions to meet the opportunities and overcome the challenges posed by integration Vietnamese postal enterprises face many difficulties such as the quality of human resources, postal network infrastructure, and limited application of technology to business production and so on Such disadvantages will reduce the competitiveness of these enterprises in the process of international integration Therefore, it is necessary to carry out thorough research and find appropriate solutions Thus, the topic "Increasing the Competitiveness of Vietnamese Postal Enterprises in the process of International Integration" is selected for research Research purpose The research purpose is to assess the competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises It suggested several measures to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration New contributions of the thesis The thesis has developed a theoretical framework for the competitiveness of postal enterprise, established five criteria to assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises The SEM model is selected to quantify the impact of internal factors on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises 2 From the results of the analysis, the thesis quantifies the actual competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise and how internal factors impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises The capacity to provide services has the strongest influence on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; following by the machinery capacity, equipment capacity technology application capacity, organizational & management capacity, network development capacity, integration capacity and financial capacity Finally yet importantly, the thesis proposes two groups of solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises: for postal enterprises and for the state Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, the list of reference and annexes, the content of the thesis will include four chapters 3 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Published studies overview of competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises 1.1.1 Foreign studies Typical competitive researches include "Assessing the competitiveness of Canada’s agri-food Industry" by VarDwer, E.Martin and R.Westgren (1991); "Innovation and Competitiveness" by J.Fagerberg, D.C.Mowery and R.R.Nelson, Oxford University Press (2003); “Competitiveness and the employment relationship in Europe: Is there a global missing link in HRM?” by Cristina Simón and Gayle Allard (2008); “Competitive strategy” by Micheal E Porter (1980) Researches on competitiveness and development of postal industry include “Postal development report 2019” by UPU (2019); “Aggregated LPI 2012-2018” by World Bank (2018); “Postal service competitiveness, an essential element in competitive struggle” by Irina Olimpia SUSANU, Lecturer Ph.D Nicoleta CRISTACHE, Lecturer Ph.D Sofia DAVID, Lecturer Ph.D (2008), etc 1.1.2 Studies in Vietnam "Strengthening the competitiveness of Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group in the context that Vietnam joins the World Trade Organization" by Tran Thi Anh (2012) "Completing the Service Quality in current Vietnamese Postal Enterprises” by Ngo Phuc Hanh (2008) “Developing the marketing strategy of Vietnam Post in the current period" by Tran Thi Thap (2011) 4 "Product & Service Development Policy of Vietnam Post in the current period" by Tran Thi Hoa (2012) 1.1.3 Factors affecting the competitiveness There are some studies on such factors like "Competitiveness of firms: Review of theory, frameworks and models” by Ambastha & Momaya (2004); “Crafting and executing strategy” by Thompson, Strickland & Gamble (2007); “Enhancing competitiveness of Vietnamese securities companies” by Nguyen Duy Hung (2016), and so on 1.1.4 Research gap There is lack of research on the competitiveness criteria of Vietnamese postal enterprises and a model that measures the impact of internal factors on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises 1.1.5 The main problems addressed in this thesis: Firstly, a theoretical research on the competitiveness of postal enterprises and a clarification of the factors influencing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration, selecting typical criteria for assessing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Secondly, a real situation analysis of the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; pointing out the reasons, limitations and problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration Thirdly, interpreting and proposing feasible orientations and solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration 5 1.2 Orientation to solve all the matters in the thesis 1.2.1 Research objectives and questions (i) Objectives: Assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; propose orientation and solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration (ii) Research questions: What criteria used to assess the competitiveness of postal enterprise? Which factors affect to the competitiveness of postal service? What is the real situation of the competitiveness of postal enterprises over the past few years? What solutions are available to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal service? 1.2.2 Research subject and scope Research subject: competitiveness, criteria and factors that influence the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration Research scope: - Content: The research focuses on studying competitiveness criteria, which measure the impact of internal factors on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration - Place: Vietnamese market - Time: data analysis and the real situation evaluation of the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the period of 2008-2019 1.2.3 Approaches and Methodology Approaches used in the research: Historical/logic approach; Approach from the perspective of development economics; Approach from the State; Approach from the Enterprise side Methodology: (1) Data collection: Primary and Secondary data collection; interview and investigation; (2) Data processing: statistic, qualitative and quantitative analysis CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIC 2.1 The competitiveness and competitiveness of the postal enterprises 2.1.1 Definition of competitiveness Competitiveness is the ability to create better and more appropriate products or services than its competitors, thus creating an advantage over its competitors 2.1.2 Definition of business competitiveness Business competitiveness demonstrates the organization's capabilities and advantages over its competitors in meeting the best customers’ requirement in order to earn higher profits, by exploiting its strength and opportunities to create appropriate products or services, to attract consumers and develop further, to get higher profits and improve its position in the market 2.1.3 Competitiveness of the postal enterprises in the process of international integration The competitiveness of postal enterprises is the ability to provide services efficiently, to expand market share and earn higher profits than its competitors An enterprise is considered to have good competitiveness is when it holds no.1 position as the market leader or its market position belongs to the top leading group 7 2.2 Criteria for evaluating the competitiveness of the Postal Enterprises in the process of international integration The thesis selects the following criteria to assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises: Ability to maintain and expand market share; quality of services; service prices; branding, trust and corporate image; business efficiency 2.3 Factors affecting the competitiveness of the postal enterprises in the process of international integration 2.3.1 External factors Macro-environment factors are economic factors, political and legal forces, demographic forces, social and cultural forces, technological factors, integration factors The elements of microenvironment are competitors, customers, marketing intermediaries, suppliers and publics 2.3.2 Internal factors The internal factors of the enterprise are: financial capacity; service capacity; network development capacity; integration capacity; organizational, management capacity; equipment and machinery capacity and technological application 8 2.4 Theoretical Models of Business Competitiveness Analysis Based on theoretical basic of studied models, this thesis identifies the research model of internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise as follows: Financial capacity Service capacity Network development capacity Integration capacity Competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Management & organizational capacities Machines, equipment, science and technology Theoretical model of measuring internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises The research hypotheses given are: Hypothesis H1: Financial Capacity has a positive impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Hypothesis H2: Services Capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Hypothesis H3: Network development capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Hypothesis H4: Integration capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Hypothesis H5: Organizational and management capacities have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises Hypothesis H6: The ability to apply science & technology, machinery & equipment utilization have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises Official Quantitative Research: Sample size: 316 units Sampling Method: The sample is selected among postal enterprises in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Data analysis: data is collected and analyzed through Statistical analysis; Valuation Scale; Analysis of EFA elements; CFA analysis; Determination of Model adequacy with SEM analysis and bootstrap analysis 10 CHAPTER 3: COMPETITIVENESS SITUATION OF VIETNAM POSTAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION 3.1 Overview of current situation of Vietnam postal enterprises in the process of international integration According to the global ranking by UPU, Vietnam was ranked 50/172 for the 2IPD postal development index (2018), and 45/172 countries (2019) There is an increase of levels in ranking and of 0.06 points in year Regarding the number of enterprises: Up to 15.9.2019, the number of postal enterprises licensed to operate in Vietnam market was 431 with full economic components Regarding revenue: The demand for postal services is increasing, the number of enterprises participating in Vietnam's postal market is increasing, and thus the revenue of this sector continuously increases over the years In 2019, the revenue is VND 34,311 billion Regarding labor scale: The number of employees in the postal business fluctuates continuously over the years In 2019, the number of employees in postal business is about 74,500 employees 3.2 Actual competitiveness analysis and assessment of Vietnam postal enterprises in the process of international integration 3.2.1 Ability to maintain and expand market share Based on above analysis results, the most efficient level of operation belongs to state-owned postal enterprises and such enterprises are taking the lead in Vietnam post market, and then followed by private enterprises 3.2.2 Service quality 11 In general, the quality of postal services has improved years by years, which proves that postal enterprises have gradually perfect their services According to the assessment of institutional and individual customers, the service quality of the state postal enterprises is higher than that of private postal enterprises 3.2.3 Service prices Each enterprise has built and applied a specific price list In case customers have great demand, the enterprises have their own policies to ensure benefits for customers 3.2.4 Brand, reputation and business image All enterprises focus on building their brand image However, it seems that the state postal enterprises are more prestige and better known than private postal enterprises 3.2.5 Business performance Among of all, private enterprises have the least revenue comparing to state-owned enterprises and FDI enterprises The level of labor productivity of FDI enterprises is much higher than that of domestic enterprises The labor productivity level of state-owned postal enterprises is higher than that of private postal enterprises 3.3 Analysis of external factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration 3.3.1 Macro-environmental factors Economic factors: Vietnam economy continued to change positively in the first six months of the year, with gross domestic growth of 6.66% Macroeconomic was stable, exports made a 12 significant mark, consumers’ belief set a new record, inflation remained the lowest in three years 2017-2019 Legal forces: The Government has been working very hard to improve the policy regime, issue postal laws, resolutions, commitments and guidelines However, there are no legal documents or law relating to e-commerce Political forces: Vietnam has a stable politics, which guarantee consistent economic policy implementation Vietnam has always been an attractive investment point for foreign postal enterprises also thanks to political stability Demographic forces: Vietnamese workforce is estimated to be around 48.8 million people, which will be a good source for postal enterprises Socio-cultural forces: Post office transaction via Internet are becoming a popular trend in Vietnam, forcing enterprises to develop services in a way that serves the needs of society Technological factors: Due to the development of technology, instead of taking and recording orders manually, postal enterprises need to apply new software and convenient applications Integration factors: Vietnam joins WTO, ASEAN, APEC, etc, and actively participates in negotiations and signs the free trade agreements, which eliminates tariff barriers and creates opportunities for non-commercial delivery of goods 3.3.2 Micro-environmental factors Competitors: So far, Vietnam has more than 400 companies operating in the postal business with full economic components The growing presence of more foreign firms, with large investments and 13 professional practices, is a positive sign for the market However, it also means that Vietnamese firms will have to compete more fiercely Customers: organizations or individuals The customers create the market; the size of the customers creates the market size Marketing Intermediaries: assist postal enterprises to focus on their main business, as they will be in charge of logistics for customer marketing campaigns Suppliers: provide postal equipment, hardware, software, logistic, etc Publics: Financial public and internal public Enterprises should pay attention to public attitudes toward their activities and services 3.4 Analysis of internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises 3.4.1 Qualitative research Qualitative research methods include in-depth interviews, developing scaling factors that affect the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises, designing preliminary questionnaires 3.4.2 Quantitative research The scale of factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises consists of factors with 32 variables and factor with variables for assessing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise, will be included to design the questionnaire Formal quantitative research: After statistical analysis of descriptions, the thesis evaluated the value of the scale with the Cronbach's Alpha confidence coefficient of independent variables 14 and dependent variable in the EFA for analysis The results of the EFA analysis show that measures with 33 variables satisfy the conditions used in the CFA analysis Factor analysis confirms that CFA of measures with 33 variables that satisfy the conditions of implementing AMOS 21 software The SEM model tests showed that the most powerful factors affecting the competitiveness of postal enterprises were: (1) Service capacity (29.5%); (2) Equipment and machinery capacity, science and technology capacity (27.4%); (3) Organizational and management capacity (24.5%); (4) Network Development Capacity (23%); (5) Integration Capacity (22%), and lastly the weakest influence is (6) Financial capacity (15.2%) 3.4.3 Verification of the research hypotheses The author examine the research model with 06 independent variables and 01 dependent variable, hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 are accepted Completing these factors will increase the competitiveness of postal enterprises 3.4.4 Discuss the results of the inspection The average value of the scale of the factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises ranges from 2.88 to 3.59 Integration capacity has the lowest average value and financial capacity has the highest average value In general, the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises currently stands at a moderate level and is still quite low State-owned postal enterprises are more competitive than private-owned one Regarding financial capacity, state-owned postal enterprises always lead the market in terms of revenue, market share and charter 15 capital Thus, state-owned postal enterprises are more competitive than private-owned postal enterprises Regarding service capacity, state-owned postal enterprises are more competitive than private ones Regarding network development, state-owned postal enterprises are more competitive because they are leading in the infrastructure system with more postal service points and transport networks Private enterprises have to depend on the state’s postal infrastructure Regarding integration capacity, state-owned postal enterprises are more competitive than private one Only two largest State-owned postal enterprises are working with foreign partners, the remaining private postal enterprises only focus on domestic market Regarding organizational and management capacity, stateowned postal enterprises are more competitive than private-owned postal enterprises Regarding the capacity of machines, equipment and the ability to apply science and technology, state enterprises are also more competitive than private one Private enterprises with limited financial resources are unable to invest in upgrading modern technology to serve the business process; thus, it is difficult to compete with enterprises with state capital 3.5 Conclusions on the factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises Firstly, financial capacity of private postal enterprises is mostly weak Secondly, service quality remains low Thirdly, organizational and managerial capacity of most postal enterprises is poor Fourthly, labor qualification is poor Fifthly, postal enterprises 16 are weak in their ability to integrate Sixthly, there are some shortcomings in postal infrastructure Seventhly, postal legal system is incomplete and asynchronous CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF VIETNAMESE POTAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION BY 2030 4.1 The context and forecast of how international integration affect the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises by 2030 4.1.1 International and domestic contexts International context: In this digital era, postal business becomes an important supplier of global e-commerce It plays a major distribution partner for online retailers through its global network Domestic context: In 2019, Vietnam’s point increased by 3.5 points (from 58 to 61.5), higher than the global average (60.7) and increased by 10 levels (from the 77th position) according to WEF ratings The year 2019 also marks an important step of Vietnam's integration into global economy with the EVFTA free trade agreement and EVIPA investment protection agreement 4.1.2 Forecasting the impact of international integration on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises by 2030 For period 2020 - 2030, competition for delivery orders from e-commerce is forecasted to increase sharply The revenue of the post and delivery industry will reach over USD10 billion in 2020, of which many enterprises will have high growth rates of 60-200% per year According to a strategy until 2025 recently published by the Ministry of Information and Communications, the growth rate of postal 17 business still maintain at a high level, and revenue of postal services increases by 3-4 times (reaching USD 3-4 billion) It continues to contribute to the national GDP of at least 0.5% The whole sector will develop a nationwide network By 2025 and 2030, it is expected that 85% and 90% of communes will have post offices Vietnam will also improve its ranking in the postal development rankings published by Universal Postal Union (UPU) By 2025, Vietnam will be in the top 40 of the world 4.2 Orientation of developing and improving the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration until 2030 To develop postal infrastructure towards promoting digital transformation; shifting from traditional postal services to digital one; focusing on e-government services and supporting industry/logistics services for e-commerce; building a database on postal enterprises and digital transformation orientations By the end of 2020, Vietnam will be in the group of 40-45 leading countries in postal services of UPU 4.3 Solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in international integration by 2030 4.3.1 For Vietnamese postal enterprises Improving financial capacity: Vietnamese postal enterprises need to develop an intelligent financial strategy with many guaranteed mobilization channels such as mobilizing internal capital from the stock, capital, funds and external capital sources such as commercial credit, bank credit, and advance customers On the other hand, postal enterprises need to identify exactly the need for each capital type: 18 market, equipment and technology investment, labor and salary, financial plan, etc Improving service quality: Domestic postal enterprises need to implement many key solutions to improve their service quality such as application of IT in the postal services; equipping a camera system to monitor the process of transportation exploitation as well as the attitude and communication of employees to customers Performing good customer care, classifying customers by each object: big customers, loyal customers, special customers, potential customers Improving organizational and management capacity: Firstly, business owners often update their knowledge and necessary skills such as leadership skills, management skills, presentation, negotiation and communication skills, etc Secondly, business owners should regularly monitor, analyze, evaluate and adjust each production process and strategy of the business Thirdly, flexible application of modern management and organizational models instead of traditional models Fourthly, business owners need to be fully equipped with knowledge and capacity to approach international standards Training and developing human resources: Firstly, completing the system of unified and professional training and vocational training programs nationwide at all educational levels Secondly, encouraging and facilitating the development of socialized models, market-driven training models, business-university-institute-linked training models, joint venture models, and international links, etc Thirdly, promoting training activities to improve the qualifications of officials and employees Fourthly, there are special policies and remuneration to attract talents and encourage domestic and foreign experts 19 Integration capacity: Postal enterprises need to coordinate and link strongly with supporting and related enterprises in the field of machinery, information technology or logistics supply chains Exploiting the advantages of the parties 4.3.2 For the State Completing the legal system: The Government needs to synchronize the legal normative document system in postal business Preparing documents under the law of uniform instructions including mandatory enforcement and sanctions on administrative violations Completing the regulations related to e-commerce or adding new regulations on price policies and certification requirements on transportation routes Establishing a postal association: Establishing a postal association will support, ensure the interests of enterprises, and joining the association will provide them with many opportunities for interaction Other solutions: The Ministry of Information and Communication should direct the construction of postal codes to each address so that postal enterprises can adopt digital and information technology in the selection, transportation and mail delivery; and expand the transportation vehicles suitable to each area… 4.4 Some recommendations to the State Firstly, the State creates an environment of favorable laws and mechanisms, policies for postal enterprises to develop equality and fair competition, contributing more and more to growth and economic development of the country Secondly, the State removes a number of 20 mechanisms in the field of management to promote the deployment of logistics services Especially, creating favorable conditions for postal enterprises in the field of land allocation and lease This is a condition for building a logistics infrastructure, contributing to ensuring a supporting role, reducing costs in the implementation of logistics services in Vietnam Thirdly, the State continues to improve substantially the business investment environment, consolidate the macro-economic foundation, promote the start-up ecosystem, innovate and create the most favorable conditions to support, promote entrepreneurship development Fourthly, postal enterprises should be given equal access to policies and participation in government supporting programs Fifthly, the State supports the linkage between small postal enterprises and large postal enterprises CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND ORIENTATIONS In fact, in the period from 2008-2019, Vietnamese postal enterprises have achieved very impressive results, their revenue has increased continuously over the years, the number of postal enterprises has also grown rapidly The development of more than 400 postal enterprises has contributed positively to the renovation and economic development of the country However, from data analysis and assessment, the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises is still poorer than of foreign competitors Facing new opportunities and challenges from regional and global competitive markets, developing highly competitive Vietnam postal enterprises are an indispensable requirement for our country, in order to contribute, create and affirm the position of Vietnam in the postal business regionally and globally 21 New contributions of the thesis Theoretically: (i) Developing a theoretical framework for the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in accordance with the characteristics of Vietnamese postal enterprises and current business environment conditions in Vietnam (ii) Proposing quantitative methods to assess the impact of internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises, in which service capacity is the strongest factor affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises, more than equipment and machinery utilization, technology, organizational & management capacity, network development capacity, integration capacity and financial capacity Practically: (i) Analyzing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises through the Status of Criteria for Competitiveness of Vietnamese Postal Enterprises and through the impact of factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises (ii) Pointing out the reasons for the decline in competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises (iii) Suggesting and proposing a solution system to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises by 2030 Limits of the thesis In the process of developing the theoretical system of competitiveness of postal enterprises, the author encountered many difficulties in accessing published researches in postal industry, especially public works For foreign projects, the publication time of 22 the works is quite old and there are very few data Thus, some of the researches are incomplete Limitations of quantitative methods: state-owned postal enterprises account for a small part, but they have many advantages, control large market shares thanks to natural monopolies Therefore, the evaluation results may not be accurately reflected Proposing next research orientation The author desires to expand the research scope and have more in-depth studies on financial indicators of postal enterprises (as a basis for calculating ROA, ROE ) Furthermore, the author will add more internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises and quantitative analysis of these factors LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS BY AUTHOR Bui Thi Quyen (2016), "Improving the quality of State postal services in a new context", Economics and Forecasting Magazine, August 2016, No 19, p 33-35 Bui Thi Quyen (2019), "Solutions to improve the quality of Vietnamese postal human resources in the integration period", Science and Technology Magazine, April 2019, Số 51, p 123-128 Bui Thi Quyen (2019), "Developing postal enterprises in some countries in the world and experience for Vietnam", Economics and Forecasting Magazine, June 2019, Issue 16, p 81-83 Bui Thi Quyen (2019), "Researching factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration", Proceedings of the National Science Conference 2019: "Improving business environment to enhance Vietnam's competitiveness in the 4th industrial revolution”, p.52 Bui Thi Quyen (2020), "Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnamese post sector", Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference: "Fourth Industrial Revolution: Entrepreneurs and developing Vietnamese enterprises”, p.248-256 Bui Thi Quyen (2020), "Enhancing the capacity of innovation in Vietnamese postal enterprises", Proceedings of the national scientific conference: "Green growth: Corporate governance and development", p.125-134 ... Studies in Vietnam "Strengthening the competitiveness of Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group in the context that Vietnam joins the World Trade Organization" by Tran Thi Anh (2012) "Completing... competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise and how internal factors impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises The capacity to provide services has the strongest influence on... (2012) "Completing the Service Quality in current Vietnamese Postal Enterprises” by Ngo Phuc Hanh (2008) “Developing the marketing strategy of Vietnam Post in the current period" by Tran Thi Thap