Test bank for corrections justice series 2nd edition by alarid

Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ CHAPTER An Evidence-Based Approach to Corrections Chapter Multiple Choice Select the answer that best fits each question Which of the following is NOT one of the main decisions points for prosecutors? a Deciding whether to arrest a suspect b Initial court screening c Determining whether to charge a suspect d Recommending to the judge a sentence or case disposition for convicted offenders Answer: a Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic How long does the average criminal trial last? a to hours b to days c 2-3 weeks d month Answer: b Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page number: Level: Intermediate Which program type depends on correctional resources available in the community to assist the offender in seeking help and abiding by certain conditions? a Community corrections b Institutional corrections c Local jail d Fixed fines Answer: a Objective: Compare and contrast both diversion and postsentencing options, and institutional- and community-based corrections Page number: Level: Basic Compared with other countries, the United States incarceration rate is a lower than most other countries b lower than most third world countries but higher than most industrialized countries c tied with other Western industrialized countries d the highest in the world Answer: d Objective: Explain the key reasons for the rise in incarceration rates since the 1980s and the overall effect that it has had on individuals, communities, and the crime rate Page number: Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Repeated and cumulative media exposure is thought to contribute to insecurity and fear of crime according to a social learning theory b social interaction theory c cultivation theory d crime control theory Answer: c Objective: Analyze the relationships among mass media, public opinion, and the making of correctional policy Page number: Level: Intermediate Crime policy in the United States are more punitive than crime policies in other Western countries for each of the following reasons EXCEPT a U.S judges and prosecutors are career civil servants who receive special training b Crime policy in the U.S is more decentralized c Crime policy in the U.S., even at the state level, is reliant on federal funding d Sentencing and release decisions in the U.S are micromanaged by legislators Answer: a Objective: Analyze the relationships among mass media, public opinion, and the making of correctional policy Page number: Level: Intermediate Which of the following is NOT part of the four-step Justice Reinvestment Initiative process? a Analyze trends to understand factors driving jail and prison population growth b Develop and implement policy options to generate savings Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ c Reinvest money saved into the prison repair, maintenance, and construction d Measure the impact of policy changes and reinvestment resources Answer: c Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 8-9 Level: Intermediate To be considered of high quality, a program should a have a sample size between 10 and 30 people b show significant differences between treatment and control groups c be measured as valid but not necessarily reliable d be measured as reliable but not necessarily valid Answer: b Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 10 Level: Difficult The more effective treatment interventions are those that a are focused on either males or females specifically b designed to help both men and women simultaneously c ignore offender demographics and concentrate instead on offender age d are designed for adult women over age 35 Answer: a Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page number: 10 Level: Difficult 10 Intensive treatment for lower-risk offenders a has the greatest likelihood of success b can be effective as long as long as the offender is joined in the treatment by his/her procriminal associates c is appropriate only for lower-risk women offenders d can actually increase the likelihood of recidivism Answer: d Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 11 Level: Basic 11 When considering how staff members such as probation officers or community corrections counselors relate to offenders, a the use of negative reinforcement must be frequent b being friendly is more important than having any particular training c the quality of the interaction is more important than the quantity d it is important that meetings be held at least three times per week Answer: c Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 11 Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Chapter True-False Indicate whether each statement is True or False The police enforce the law, keep social order, and preserve public safety for their particular jurisdiction a True b False Answer: a Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic Weak or inadequate evidence is not a good reason for dismissing a case during initial screening since evidence is unimportant until trial a True b False Answer: b Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic The pretrial release decision is made prior to arrest so that defendants who qualify can be released and supervised in the community before their first court date a True b False Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer: b Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic The continuum of sanctions concept refers to the idea that sentencing is complex and involves trying to meet more than one sentencing goal a True b False Answer: a Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic The war on drugs has had a pronounced negative effect on the number of incarcerated women, who now comprise nearly 25% of the overall prison population a True b False Answer: b Objective: Explain the key reasons for the rise in incarceration rates since the 1980s and the overall effect that it has had on individuals, communities, and the crime rate Page number: Level: Basic Crime policies in the United States appear to be more punitive than in other Western countries because the U.S relies more on rational decision making Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ a True b False Answer: b Objective: Analyze the relationships among mass media, public opinion, and the making of correctional policy Page number: Level: Intermediate According to a National Summit held in 2010, incarceration is a very low cost response with very high positive returns on investment a True b False Answer: b Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic Recommendations from a National Summit held in 2010 included the placement of essentially all types of offenders secure institutions in order to best provide for public safety a True b False Answer: b Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ The academic side of evidence-based practice refers to the specific application of the most effective techniques a True b False Answer: b Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic 10 When a correctional program has two or more independent and rigorous studies showing a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group, the programs is said to “work” and is judged effective a True b False Answer: a Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic 11 Because the likelihood of success is increased, a basic principle of evidence-based practice is that treatment interventions should be focused on low-risk clients a True b False Answer: b Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic Chapter Fill in the Blank Provide the one-word answer that correctly completes each statement A city police department enforces the law within that city’s geographic boundaries and those boundaries identify the police department’s Answer: jurisdiction Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Basic A prosecutor will likely a case if the evidence is weak or inadequately linked to a defendant for a particular crime Answer: dismiss Objective: Describe how corrections is part of the larger criminal justice system that is dependent on the larger CJ system that is dependent on decisions made earlier in the process by the police and the courts Page number: Level: Intermediate corrections house offenders in an institutional environment, apart from their community, friends, and family Answer: Institutional Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Objective: Compare and contrast both diversion and postsentencing options, and institutional- and community-based corrections Page number: Level: Basic The “mean world syndrome” is more correctly called theory, and disputes the suggestion that violence in the media causes individuals to become violent Answer: cultivation Objective: Analyze the relationships among mass media, public opinion, and the making of correctional policy Page number: Level: Intermediate According to a National Summit held in 2010, incarceration is a very cost response with very low positive returns on investment Answer: high Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic The side of evidence-based practice is about researchers carefully designing methodologically strong program evaluations to determine what works, what is promising, and what does not work Answer: academic Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Applying evidence-based practice techniques in corrections begins with a valid instrument to measure the risk the offender poses and the problem areas that should be emphasized Answer: assessment Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 10 Level: Basic Chapter Matching Match the following terms with their meanings Correctional program that is “promising” a Offenders are housed apart from their community, friends, and family Correctional program that “works” b Correctional interventions for which there is consistent and solid scientific evidence showing that they work to meet the intended outcomes Evidence-based practice c Programs depend on correctional resources available in the community Institutional corrections d At least one high-quality or rigorous study shows a program to be effective Community corrections e Two or more independent and rigorous studies show a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group d e b Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ a c Objectives: Compare and contrast both diversion and postsentencing options, and institutional- and community-based corrections and characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: 5, Level: Basic Chapter Essay Answer the following questions What explanations have been offered for why Latino and African-American people have a disproportionately high representation in arrest and incarceration rates? Answer: Answer should include (1) reference to the possibility that police may target people of a certain race or ethnic group (e.g., the “driving while black” phenomenon), (2) that young African-American males may engage in more violent felony offenses and continue offending behavior for a longer duration, and (3) the war on drugs has worsened racial disparity Objective: Objective: Explain the key reasons for the rise in incarceration rates since the 1980s and the overall effect that it has had on individuals, communities, and the crime rate Page number: Level: Intermediate Although reducing recidivism is an important goal for correctional programs, Evidence-based Practice allows for other ways to measure whether a program or practice works What are at least three such measures? Answer: At least three of these four should be mentioned: (1) Offender change in thinking patterns, (2) Increased number of drug-free days, (3) Increased number of days offender is working or employed while on supervision, and (4) more effective matching of risk and needs with supervision levels Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Objective: Characterize the meaning of evidence-based practice and explain why it is significant to improving the correctional system Page number: Level: Intermediate Chapter Critical Thinking Answer the following questions The philosophy behind community corrections assumes that most offenders have made poor decisions along the way, but their need to retain responsibility and/or change overrides their threat to public safety and therefore they not require incarceration What are the weak points of this assumption? Is community corrections still a good idea even if the assumption is wrong? Answer: Will vary but should address the idea of offending being the result of poor decisions (i.e., offending is rational) and whether taking responsibility or changing one’s behavior can be accomplished in prison or only when at liberty in the community Objective: Compare and contrast both diversion and postsentencing options, and institutional and community-based corrections Page number: Level: Intermediate What are some negative consequences of media coverage of crime and criminal trials? What changes—that don’t violate free press protections—are possible to how the media cover crime and criminal trials? Answer: Answers will vary but should note how media reports highlight the most horrific crimes and the most high profile trials and create a public perception that violence is random and frequent Possible changes could link to the amount of information about the crime, trial, and sentence that is made public Objective: Analyze the relationships among mass media, public opinion, and the making of correctional policy Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page number: Level: Intermediate Answer Key Chapter MC: a b a d c a c b a 10 d 11 c T/F: a b b a b Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ b b b b 10 a 11 b Fill in the Blank jurisdiction dismiss Institutional cultivation high academic assessment Matching: d, e, b, a, c Essay: Answer: Answer should include (1) reference to the possibility that police may target people of a certain race or ethnic group (e.g., the “driving while black” phenomenon), (2) that young AfricanAmerican males may engage in more violent felony offenses and continue offending behavior for a longer duration, and (3) the war on drugs has worsened racial disparity Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer: At least three of these four should be mentioned: (1) Offender change in thinking patterns, (2) Increased number of drug-free days, (3) Increased number of days offender is working or employed while on supervision, and (4) more effective matching of risk and needs with supervision levels Critical Thinking: Answer: Will vary but should address the idea of offending being the result of poor decisions (i.e., offending is rational) and whether taking responsibility or changing one’s behavior can be accomplished in prison or only when at liberty in the community Answer: Answers will vary but should note how media reports highlight the most horrific crimes and the most high profile trials and create a public perception that violence is random and frequent Possible changes could link to the amount of information about the crime, trial, and sentence that is made public Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page number: 10 Level: Difficult 10 Intensive treatment for lower-risk... community before their first court date a True b False Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/... at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Corrections Justice Series 2nd Edition by Alari Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Applying evidence-based practice techniques in corrections