Test bank for criminology justice series 4th edition by schmalleger

Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Criminology (Justice Series), 4e (Schmalleger) Chapter What Is Criminology? Understanding Crime and Criminals 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) People appear to be particularly fascinated by crime A) Violent B) Property C) Victimless D) Common law Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 2) The view of crime as human conduct that violates the criminal law is drawn from a perspective A) Sociological B) Psychological C) Legalistic D) Philosophical Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Intermediate 3) A formal written enactment of a legislative body is known as a A) Crime B) Theory C) Deviant act D) Statute Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 4) The process of makes some forms of behavior illegal A) Legalization B) Illegalization C) Statutization D) Criminalization Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 250 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 5) is human activity that violates social norms A) Crime B) Deviant behavior C) Cruelty D) Adaptive behavior Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 6) Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true? A) All deviant behavior is criminal B) All criminal behavior is deviant C) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior can overlap at times D) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior are identical Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Intermediate 7) The perspective holds that laws should be enacted to criminalize given forms of behavior when members of society agree that such laws are necessary A) Conflict B) Consensus C) Causality D) Pluralists Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 8) The perspective is most applicable to homogeneous societies A) Legalistic B) Consensus C) Pluralist D) Political Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Intermediate 251 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 9) The pluralist perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through A) General agreement of members of society B) The existence of shared norms and values C) A political process D) None of the above Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Basic 10) One who studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior is referred to as a A) Criminologist B) Police officer C) Criminal justice professional D) None of the above Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 11) Which of the following individuals probably would not be considered a criminalist? A) Forensics examiner B) Polygraph operator C) Fingerprint examiner D) Correctional officer Answer: D Page Ref: 5-6 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 12) An academic or research criminologist generally holds a degree A) Doctoral B) Law C) Medical D) None of the above Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 252 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 13) Criminologists work for A) Universities and other academic institutions B) Federal research agencies C) Private research organizations D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 14) The number of personnel employed by private security agencies today is approximately that of public law enforcement agencies A) Half B) Equal to C) Twice D) Four times Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 15) Which of the following is not one of the three elements included in Edwin Sutherland's definition of criminology? A) The process of breaking laws B) The process of making laws C) How we react to the breaking of laws D) The operation of the criminal justice system Answer: D Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 16) Criminology is A) A field of study B) A collection of theories C) A profession D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 253 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 17) Criminal justice emphasizes A) The application of the criminal law B) The study of the components of the criminal justice system C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 18) A(n) is made up of clearly stated propositions suggesting relationships between events and occurrences being studied A) Theory B) Hypothesis C) Component D) Sample Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 19) A(n) theory of crime is one that attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct through a single overarching approach A) Complete B) Unicausal C) Integrated D) General Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 20) theories have potentially wider explanatory power than other types A) Complete B) Unicausal C) Integrated D) General Answer: C Page Ref: 7-8 Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 254 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 21) The concept of refers to the view that social events are interpreted differently according to the viewer A) Social primacy B) Social relativity C) Causality D) Politicization Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 22) Contemporary criminologists operate primarily from a perspective A) Psychological B) Biological C) Sociological D) Medical Answer: C Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 23) The Bureau of Justice Statistics is responsible for the A) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program B) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) C) National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) D) All of the above Answer: B Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 24) The is considered by many researchers to be a more accurate measure of the actual incidence of crime in the United States A) UCR B) NIBRS C) NCVS D) They are all equally accurate Answer: C Page Ref: 10-11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 255 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 25) According to the NCVS, is the least likely crime to be reported to the police A) Arson B) Larceny C) Motor vehicle theft D) Burglary Answer: B Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 26) According to the NCVS, crimes are most likely to be reported to the police A) Violent B) Property C) Household D) None of the above Answer: A Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 27) One of the most common reasons for not reporting violent crime is that the victim A) Fears future victimization by the same offender B) Believes the police will be ineffective in solving the crime C) Is embarrassed over the type of victimization D) Considers the crime to be a private matter Answer: D Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Intermediate 28) Which of the following crimes was not one of the original seven UCR Part I offenses? A) Arson B) Robbery C) Burglary D) Aggravated assault Answer: A Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 256 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 29) Which of the following is not considered a property crime by the UCR? A) Burglary B) Robbery C) Arson D) Theft Answer: B Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 30) Which of the following crimes is not a Part I offense of the Uniform Crime Report? A) Robbery B) Kidnapping C) Arson D) Motor vehicle theft Answer: B Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 31) The proportion of reported or discovered crime within a given offense category which is solved by the police is known as the rate A) Arrest B) Index C) Clearance D) Indictment Answer: C Page Ref: 11-12 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 32) Which of the following is not a reason why rape victims fail to report their victimization? A) Fear of the perpetrator B) Shame C) Fear of participation in the criminal justice system D) Fear that the crime is not important enough to report Answer: D Page Ref: 12 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Intermediate 257 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 33) The category of crimes in NIBRS which corresponds most closely to the UCR Part I offenses is A) Part I crimes B) NIBRS key crimes C) Group A offenses D) None of the above Answer: C Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 34) The first major shift in crime rates in the United States since the beginning of the collection of official crime statistics was probably due to the A) Start of the Great Depression B) Outbreak of World War I C) Outbreak of World War II D) Assassination of President John F Kennedy Answer: C Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Basic 35) Which of the following may explain the increase in crime in the United States between 1960 and 1980? A) Large numbers of young men entered the military B) Unemployment rates were increasingly high C) Baby boomers were becoming teenagers D) All of the above Answer: C Page Ref: 13-14 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Intermediate 36) According to numerous professional groups, violence in television, music, video games, and movies A) May lead to increased levels of violent behavior among children B) May lead to decreased levels of violent behavior among children C) Does not appear to have an effect on levels of violent behavior among children D) May lead to emotional sensitization toward violence in real life Answer: A Page Ref: 16 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Intermediate 258 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 37) The main goal of criminological research is to develop effective based on scientific evidence A) Clearance rates B) Reporting systems C) Integrated theories D) Social policies Answer: D Page Ref: 16 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Basic 1.2 True/False Questions 1) People are fascinated by crime because it is inexplicable Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 2) A behavior can be a crime even if there is no law defining that behavior Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Intermediate 3) The legalistic perspective recognizes that laws are social products Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 4) All forms of deviant behavior are violations of the criminal law Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Intermediate 5) Some types of common and accepted behavior may be illegal Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Intermediate 259 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 6) It is possible for a behavior to be illegal in one jurisdiction but legal in another Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 7) The consensus perspective applies primarily to homogeneous societies Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Basic 8) In the United States, we have achieved a shared consensus regarding what should be criminal Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Basic 9) A criminalist studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 5-6 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 10) Most criminologists who hold doctoral degrees teach criminology or related subjects in colleges and universities Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 11) The term criminology is believed to have been coined by Edwin Sutherland Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 12) A definition developed from linguistic analysis of the term criminology focuses on criminology as a discipline Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 260 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 13) Criminology focuses on the causes of crime and does not consider possible solutions to the crime problem Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 14) Criminology is primarily a collection of theories, rather than a profession Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 15) Theoretical criminology attempts to explain criminal behavior Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 16) A general theory of crime focuses on explaining one specific type of criminal behavior Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 17) Crime is a social construction Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 18) Crime does not affect everyone equally Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 19) Criminology is an interdisciplinary profession Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 261 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 20) Most contemporary criminologists operate from a biological perspective Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 21) The UCR and the NCVS have standardized their definitions of crimes so that they are the same Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 22) The NCVS obtains data by interviewing victims of crime Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 23) According to the NCVS, less than 50 percent of all crimes are reported to the police Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 24) According to the NCVS, the crime that is least likely to be reported to the police is motor vehicle theft Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 25) The actual occurrence of all crimes that are reported to NCVS interviewers is verified before they are included in the data Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Intermediate 26) The UCR reports data on a total of twelve Part I offenses Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 262 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 27) Kidnapping is one of the Part I offenses measured by the UCR Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 28) A crime is cleared when an arrest has been made Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 29) It is not necessary for an offender to be convicted of a crime for the crime to be counted as cleared by the FBI Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 30) UCR data are based on reported crime Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 12 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 31) The UCR program has been criticized for seriously overestimating the true incidence of crime in the United States Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 12 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 32) Only arrest data are reported for NIBRS Group B offenses Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 33) Crime rates in the United States increased during World War II Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Basic 263 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 34) The crime shift that began in the 1960s may be linked to the postwar baby boom Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Basic 35) Crime has been increasing steadily since the mid -1990s Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Basic 36) The Uniform Crime Report was designed to help uncover the "dark figure" of crime Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 14 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 37) According to various professional groups, prolonged viewing of media violence can lead to emotional desensitization towards violence in real life Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 16 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Basic 1.3 Fill in the Blank Questions 1) is human conduct that violates the criminal law Answer: Crime Page Ref: Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 2) The approach to crime assumes that powerful individuals can impose their definitions of crime on lawbreakers Answer: Legalistic Page Ref: 2-3 Objective: Differentiate between crime, deviance, and delinquency Level: Basic 3) The perspective suggests that behaviors should be criminalized when members of society generally agree that such laws are necessary Answer: Consensus Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Basic 264 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 4) The pluralist perspective of crime recognizes the importance of in modern societies Answer: Diversity Page Ref: Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Intermediate 5) A(n) is a specialist in the collection and examination of the physical evidence of crime Answer: Criminalist Page Ref: 5-6 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 6) Criminology gives prominence to questions about the of criminality Answer: Causes Page Ref: Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Basic 7) criminology is the subfield of criminology most often found in colleges and universities Answer: Theoretical Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 8) theories provide potentially wider explanatory power than other types of theories Answer: Integrated Page Ref: 7-8 Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 9) Social refers to the view that social events are interpreted differently by different people Answer: Relativity Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 10) Many contemporary criminologists operate from a(n) perspective Answer: Sociological Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 265 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 11) The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Answer: BJS Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 12) The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is run by the Answer: FBI Page Ref: 10 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 13) According to the NCVS, the crime that is least likely to be reported to the police is Answer: Larceny Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 14) was added to the list of Part I crimes in 1979 Answer: Arson Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 15) A crime is considered to be when an arrest has been made Answer: Cleared Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 16) The most important feature of NIBRS is that it is Answer: Incident-driven Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Intermediate 17) The rate is the proportion of reported or discovered crimes within a given offense category that are solved Answer: Clearance Page Ref: 11-12 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Basic 266 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 18) surveys obtain information on crime from offenders Answer: Self-report Page Ref: 14 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Intermediate 19) The use of rigorous social scientific techniques to develop knowledge in the field of criminology is known as criminology Answer: Evidence-based Page Ref: 15 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Basic 20) Translating the results of research in the field of criminology into workable social policy is sometimes referred to as criminology Answer: Transitional Page Ref: 16 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Basic 267 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 1.4 Matching Questions Match the role to the type of field or study within criminology A) Criminalistics B) Criminologists C) Criminal Justice 1) Polygraph examiner Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 2) Probation officer Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 3) Creating social policy Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 4) Public advocacy Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 5) Correctional officer Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 6) Constructing theories Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 7) Ballistics Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 8) Victim advocate Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 268 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 9) Crime-scene photographer Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 10) Testing hypotheses Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 11) Fingerprint examiner Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate 12) Prosecutor Page Ref: 6-7 Objective: Describe criminology and the role of criminologists Level: Intermediate Answers: 1) A 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) A 8) C 9) A 10) B 11) A 12) C Match each criminological perspective listed in Column to its description in Column A) A theory that attempts to explain most forms of criminal conduct through a single, overarching approach B) An explanatory perspective that merges concepts drawn from different sources C) A theory that poses a single identifiable source for all serious deviant and criminal behavior 13) General theory Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 14) Integrated theory Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 15) Unicausal theory Page Ref: Objective: Summarize the theoretical perspectives of criminology Level: Basic Answers: 13) A 14) B 15) C 269 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Match the crime with the source of crime statistics data A) Uniform Crime Reports B) National Crime Victimization Survey C) Both the NCVS and the UCR 16) Homicide Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 17) Simple assault Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 18) Crimes not reported to the police Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 19) Arson Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 20) Robbery Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 21) Crimes against children under 12 Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 22) Motor vehicle theft Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 23) Attempted robbery Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 270 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 24) Aggravated assault Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult 25) Rape Page Ref: 11 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Difficult Answers: 16) A 17) B 18) B 19) A 20) C 21) A 22) C 23) B 24) C 25) C 1.5 Essay Questions 1) Explain the consensus perspective and the pluralist perspective as they relate to defining criminal behavior Answer: Should include points such as: Under the consensus perspective, members of society agree what behavior is criminal It is applicable to a homogeneous society The consensus perspective works better in a society with shared values and norms Under the pluralist perspective, diversity is recognized Criminal behavior is defined through a political process Page Ref: 4-5 Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Basic 271 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 2) There are three recognized sources of crime statistics in the United States List and discuss those three sources Where does the information come from? Which source of statistics provides the most accurate picture of the extent of crime in the United States? Answer: Should include points such as: ᵒ The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS): • Is conducted by the Bureau of Justice statistics • Households are surveyed asking if anyone had been victimized • Gets at the crimes not reported to the police • It has been criticized for possible over reporting ᵒ The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Program: • Is compiled by the FBI • Police departments submit their information to the FBI • The UCR highlights index crimes • The UCR has been criticized for underreporting and over reporting ᵒ The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): • Is seen as an extension of the UCR • Collects more data regarding each incident than does the UCR • Provides the most accurate picture of the extent of crime in the United States Page Ref: 10-13 Objective: Summarize the various ways crime is reported and measured Level: Intermediate 3) Changes, or shifts, in crime have been charted since official crime statistics were first collected in the 1930s in the United States Outline the significant shifts in crime by indicating the time frame, the direction of the change, and the possible explanations for the changes You should have four shifts Answer: Should include points such as: ᵒ The first shift began in the early 1940s • Crime decreased at this time • Possible explanations included the beginning of WWII and young males serving in the war • Young males would be responsible for most of the crime but were away for the war ᵒ The second shift began in the early 1960s • The males that had fought in WWII were home and birth rates increased • By the early 1960s, these baby boomers were in the crime prone age bracket ᵒ The third shift began in the early 1990s • Strict laws and an aging population may be used to explain the decline in crime at this time • Unemployment also declined with the implied correlation to crime ᵒ The fourth shift is occurring now • There is an increase occurring in the teenage population • Economic uncertainty • Prison overcrowding, resulting in inmates being released early, may be used to explain a recent increase in certain crimes Page Ref: 13-14 Objective: Summarize statistics and trends in U.S crime rates Level: Intermediate 272 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 1.6 Critical Thinking Question 1) When determining what should be considered criminal behavior, the pluralist perspective recognizes the importance of diversity Because of society's diversity, some behavior may spark debate How is that debate resolved? Is it right that the wishes of one group are more important than those of another group? Answer: Should include these potential items: • A discussion of the political process as the appropriate course of action is determined when there is debate or disagreement • A discussion of the student's views regarding the primacy of one group over another Page Ref: 4-5 Objective: Explain how the consensus perspective differs from the pluralist perspective Level: Difficult 2) Theoretical criminology offers explanations for criminal behavior However, there is no grand theory that answers all questions when it comes to behaviors With the popularity of evidence based criminology, can you see the development of more comprehensive theories that provide more complete answers to behaviors? Answer: Should include these potential items: • Evidence-based criminology has more to offer in explaining the realities of today's world Many of the previous theories were not based on scientific evidence • If evidence-based criminology provides better methodology, the theories should provide better answers to behavior Page Ref: 15-16 Objective: Explain the influence of evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Difficult 273 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... perspectives of criminology Level: Basic 254 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/... https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 29) Which of the following is not considered a property crime by. .. evidence-based criminology on social policies Level: Intermediate 258 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminology Justice Series 4th Edition by Schmalleger Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/