Khoa luan STUDENT THESISInfluence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestryin Thuan Chau district, Son La province

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FACULTY REPORT STUDENT THESIS Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province Supervisor : Dr Ngo Duy Bach Student name : Nguyen Gia Phong Student ID :1354030572 Class : K58B Natural Resource Management Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Hanoi, September 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express my gratefulness to teachers of Vietnam National University of Forestry for establishing me to complete this research I would like to thank all the officers of Chieng Bom Commune,Muoi Noi Commune,Tong Lenh Commune and Bon Phang Commune, officers of KFW7 and project 661 management staffs for supporting necessary things and providing me documents I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr Ngo Duy Bach who’s giving motivation and valuable ideas help me to complete this study I also thank the local government and local people of said communes for helping me during my study time Hanoi, September 2018 Student Nguyen Gia Phong TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES ABSTRACT The study Community forestry is a model of forest managementry that has a significant portion of responsibility for forest management is shifted from the state down to lower community levels (Devolution) 2018 is the year where the KFW7 KfW7 project and the years management plan completed along with the main goal of power decentralization Compare to observation data from previous years, the outcome results of community forests of Thuan Chau district can be considered a complete success with the influence of relevant actors being decentralized All designated villages in Thuan Chau district that has community forest given to them, have fully covered the community forest with AII and above forest Decision making is now transferred to the Village chief under the observation of the commune and local ranger, whose now will mostly supportive roles Exploitation limits stay the same to the years management plan and finally, no major damages was done to the forest ever since the years management plan was launch.The Commune that is not involved with the KFW7 also has the similar results Overall, The Economic,Ecological and social outcomes of the community forest of Thuan Chau district has increased moderately INTRODUCTION Community forestry is a type of forestry model where significant roles in forest management to be decentralized (forest devolution), whereby the local community plays a significant role in forest management and land use decision making Its aim is to aim to increase accessibility for direct forest uses and their decision-making processes Thuan Chau district is one of the districts involving inthat has involvement of KFW7 project and the years management plan that mainly revolves around managing community forests As 2018 will bethe a sensitive year for the community forest of Thuan Chau when they reached the end phase of a pilot district because all the project for the community forest from the state will reach their end phase in on 31th December 2018, resulted 824 hectares of community forest out of 6000 hectares in total forest area implemented in Thuan Chau district In Vietnam, Community forests have historically been closely connected to the lives and beliefs of the resident communities, as they rely on the forests and forest resources for survival Confronted with the decrease and degradation of forests as a result of practices like legal/illegal wood harvesting and slash and burn agriculture (Castella et al 2005; Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008a, 2008b, 2009), the Vietnamese government has acknowledged community forest management as an effective practice garnering state concern and encouragement.The model of community forest will surely be expanded in the future to other provinces Therefore, assessments for future improvement of community forest will be needed to make a better management, which leads to my study of: “Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province” to provide insights for future management in Thuan Chau district as well as information for the model of community forest in the future CHAPTER I GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1.1 Goal The goal of this study is to make assessment of the influences from relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province 1.2 Objective The objectives of this study are threefold: - To Identification of actors and their interest in community forest - To Evaluate the outcomes of community forestry - To Estimate how actors’ interests influence on CF’s outcomes 1.3 Methods 1.3.1 Study site This study was conducted in Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh,Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, ranging from 30 to 50 km away from central of Son La city Thuan Chau district has an area of 1.533,4 km with population of 147.374 people (Linh:2017) The topography is high mountains Over 80% of area is at the elevation of 1000m The climate of all Commune is high mountain tropical climate with average temperature offrom 18 to 21.40oC In rainy season, rainfall is from 2500 to 2700mm and average temperature of 2725 to 30oC Figure 01 Map of Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province The study was based on forest status map and pilot research about site conditions to choose locations to conduct surveys and collect data According to reports,Thuan Chau isare one of the provinces that have the most remarkable community forestry activities in the country (Ngai 2009; Sang 2009) Because of the variety of communities, there is no common, one-sizefits-all community forestry model that has been applied; rather, various models appropriate to the provinces’specific conditions are needed Social and natural characteristics such as the high poverty rate, high concentration of ethnic minorities, and amount of forest cover -in tandem with a long history of social forestry (Lung and Anh 2001)- are advantages for the effective implementation of community forestry practices These practices in turn directly contribute to the alleviation of poverty and hunger in the region 1.3.1.1 Criteria on research site selection Because there exists a wide variety of community groups currently in different phases of community forestry, the case studies for this research were selected according to several factors: the condition of the community forests, and with and/or without the support of international donors (Development phase was excluded since all CF of Thuan Chau has already reached their Advanced stage) Field observations revealed that some groups have implemented community forestry activities without the support of international donors, while others have already been established or are in the process of formal registration with international venues of support 1.3.1.2 Cases By relying on the given criteria and realistic conditions of the areas, the following research sites were selected for study No Commun e Forest user Grou p Sang Muoi Noi Xang Long Phang Co Chieng Bom Liu Khem Tong Lenh Bon Phang Tham Phang Forest Type Forest Value Stage Donor Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Protectio n Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced Yes Poor advanced No Poor advanced No Since 2002, the District Authority has handed numerous forests over to local government units and legally recognized community forest user groups based on Provincial Decision Nos 2396 and 3011 (LA-33, 34) (LA-1;LA-2) During the field survey, it isI observed that the forests allocated to households and individuals are small production forests; protection forests (natural forests) are handed over to local governments and organizations for management and conservation purposes The Selected cases are located in communes within Thuan Chau district,Son La Province of cases have been selected as part of a pilot project in community forestry supported by international donors (KfW7) since 2010 (Anonymous-3 2006); the others have no external donor involvement The criteria for rich and poor forests are based on the classification of forest status issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) (Huong 2009) Community forest management is run by the Community Forest User Group Committee, normally led by village patriarchs 1.3.2 Data collection 1.3.2.1 Network survey To identify actors involved in the community forest network, the first interviews with selected user groups have been conducted to get information of organizational structure, forests and respective tasks of the committee In addition, the questions on the partners from whom the users’ committee has received information and supports have been raised This allowed the study to get general notion of actors whom the users’ committee was in collaboration with At the same time, power elements were also examined in detail through quantitative measurements 1.3.2.2 Questionnaire Questionnaires used for survey and interview will be based upon the Krott’s survey model However, the actual survey process will be improvised so the surveyors can provide information without troubles (see appendix 1) 1.3.3 Actor- Power Analysis Since the Community forest of Thuan Chau district has come to their final phase that has the decentralized decision-making authority , The Actor-Power Analysis will use the Actor-centred power frame work (ACP) as well as comparing the frequencies of actors involved.ement between initial and advanced stage 1.3.4 Evaluation on the community forestry outcomes Evaluate the outcomes of CF under three Criteria: - Economic outcomes: income, products and services gained from community forestry activities (Mahanty et al 2009) - Ecological outcomes: The Ecological health of the forest such as forest growth/status, biodiversity etc etc (Mahanty et al 2009) - Social outcomes: Access and control over Information and decision making (Mahanty et al 2009) Table 1.3.4 Outcome evaluation of Community forestry Outcome Social Outcome: Definition Key facts Empowerment of direct forest users ▪ Access to forest information ▪ Access to decision making ▪ Access to forest land and resources Low No empowerment Middle Some empowerment High Full empowerment Economical Outcome: Poverty alleviation of direct forest users Low No improvements in livelihood Slightly improved Middle No access to information’s, decision making and access to forest land the resources Limited access to information, decision making and forest land and resources Full access to information, decision making and forest land and resources ▪ Forest products ▪ Cash money ▪ Community development No access to forest products and no cash money Access to community development which was High on level of subsistence Significantly improved livelihood Ecological outcome: Improved forest condition Low No improvements on forest growth and biodiversity or reduced forest resources Middle A sustainable managed forest or increased ground forest surface High Improved or an stable natural ecosystem related biodiversity financed through community forestry and or some small financial pay Access to community development which was financed through community forestry and or financial pay outs which significantly improve the live standard ▪ Forest growth ▪ Biodiversity No management or uncontrolled management activities Resource assessments, inventories, management plans, controlled harvesting activities, protection activities, e.g., fire management activities acceptable proof, like a monitoring system or report (Source: Schusser 2013) 10 Castella, J.-C., S Boissau, T N Trung, and D D Quang 2005 Agrarian transition and lowland “upland interactions in mountain areas in northern Vietnam: application of a multiagent simulation model Agric Syst 86(3):312–332 Tình, D V., and T H Nghị 2012 Lâm nghiệp cộng đồng miền Trung Việt Nam Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội To, P X., S Mahanty, and W H Dressler 2014 “A new landlord” Community, land conflict and State Forest Companies (SFCs) in Vietnam For Policy Econ Available online at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934114001944; last accessed January 14, 2015 Hobley, M 2004 Players in the sector: (B) Civil Society, private sector and donor agencies in “Independent Forest Review: The Forest Sector in Cambodia, Policy Choices, Issues and Options.” (April) Kleinschmit, D., and M Krott 2008 The media in forestry: government, governance and social visibility in Public and Private in Natural Resource Governance: A False Dichotomy? Available online at: http://www.sponpress.com/books/details/9781849775984/; last accessed April 9, 2015 Krott, M 2005 Forest Policy Analysis Springer 334 p Krott, M., A Bader, C Schusser, R Devkota, A Maryudi, L Giessen, and H Aurenhammer 2013 Actor-centred power: The driving force in decentralised community based forest governance For Policy Econ 49:34–42 Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.04.012 Kearney, A R., and G Bradley 1998 Human dimensions of forest management : an 33 empirical study of stakeholder perspectives Urban Ecosyst 2:5–16 Linh,T.D.2017 Huyện Thuận Châu – Tỉnh Sơn La p2 Available online at: https://trinhdinhlinh.com/vietnam-information/huyen-thuan-chau-tinh-son-la/ Lung, N N., and L N Anh 2001 Khảo Sát Lâm Nghiệp Cộng Đồng Chính Sách Lâm Nghiệp Tỉ nh Sơn La Lai Châu in Hội thảo Quốc gia Khn khổ Chính sách hỗ trợ cho Quản lý rừng cộng đồng Việt Nam, Lainie Thomas 2005 Capacity building for local NGOs: A manual for good practice 223 p Mahanty, S., J Gronow, M Nurse, and Y Malla 2009 Reducing Poverty through Community Based Forest Management in Asia J For Livelihood 5(1):78–89 Available online at: http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JFL/article/view/1983; last accessed January 29, 2015 Martens, K 2002 Mission impossible? Defining nongovernmental organizations Voluntas 13(3):271–285 Meyfroidt, P., and E F Lambin 2009 Forest transition in Vietnam and displacement of deforestation abroad Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(38):16139–16144 Meyfroidt, P., and E F Lambin 2008a Forest transition in Vietnam and its environmental impacts Glob Chang Biol 14(6):1319–1336 Meyfroidt, P., and E F Lambin 2008b The causes of the reforestation in Vietnam Land use policy 25(2):182–197 Ngai, N B 2009 Quản lý rừng cộng động Việt Nam: Thực trạng, vấn đề giải pháp Kỷ yếu Hội thảo Quốc gia quản lý rừng :4–20 Nelson, J 1987 National parks and protected areas, national conservation strategies and 34 sustainable development Geoforum 18(3):291–319 Available online at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0016718587900133 Sang, C T 2009 Báo cáo Quốc gia Lâm nghiệp cộng đồng Việt Nam Bộ Nông nghiệp Phát triển Nông thôn 14 p Shackleton, S., B Campbell, E Wollenberg, and D Edmunds 2002 Devolution and Community-based Natural Resource Management: Creating space for Local People to Participate and Benefit? Nat Resour Perspect 76(76):1–6 Sikor, T 2001 The allocation of forestry land in Vietnam: did it cause the expansion of forests in the northwest? For Policy Econ 2(1):1–11 APPENDIX Appendix 1: Legal acts sources Legal acts no (LA.) LA-1 LA2 LA- Original Title in Vietnamese Quyết định số 2396/QĐ-UB Ủy ban nhân dân tỉnh Sơn La việc “Phê duyệt phương án giao đất lâm nghiệp, giao rừng tự nhiên năm 2001 – 2003 cho tổ chức, cá nhân, hộ gia định cộng đồng thôn bản” ngày 17 tháng 11 năm 2000 Quyết định số 3011/QĐ-UB Ủy ban nhân dân tỉnh Sơn La việc “Ban hành tạm thời sách giao đất, giao rừng áp dụng địa phương quy định sách hưởng lợi đất lâm nghiệp với tổ chức, cá nhân, hộ gia định cộng đồng giao, nhận khoán rừng đất lâm nghiệp” Quyết định số 127/QĐ-UBND ủy ban Title Translated into English Issuing Institutions Decision No 2396/QĐ-UB of Provincial People’s Committee on “Approving the plan of allocating forestry land and natural forest to individual, houshold, and community (2001 – 2003)”, issued on 17th Nov 2000 Decion No 3011/QĐ-UB of Provincial People’s Committee on “Precarious promulgation of forestland allocation policies applied in the province and regulations of beneficial policies on forestry land to the organizations, individuals, households that are assigned the contract of forest and forestry land contract” Decision No 127/QĐ-UBND of Provincial Committee Provincial Committee Local 35 nhân dân xã Chiềng Bôm việc “Phê duyệt Quy chế hoạt động Ban quản lý rừng cộng đồng”, ngày 25/11/2011 LA4 Quyết định số 106/2006/QĐ-BNN, ngày 27 tháng 11 năm 2006 Bộ Nông nghiệp Phát triển Nông thôn “Hướng dẫn quản lý rừng cộng đồng dân cư thôn” Luật số 12/2003/QH11, Quốc Hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam “Luật bầu cử Hội đồng nhân dân”, ngày 26/11/2003 LA5 LA6 “Luật Đất đai” số 45/2013/QH13 ngày 29 tháng 11 năm 2013 Quốc Hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam Luật số: 29/2004/QH11, ngày tháng 12 năm 2004 „Luật bảo vệ Phát triển rừng“ Thông tư liên tịch số 80/2013/TTLTBTC-BNN ngày 14/6/2013 Bộ Tài Bộ NN&PTNT “Thực chế độ quản lý, sử dụng kinh phí nghiệp thực bảo vệ phát triển rừng” Cam kết Bảo vệ rừng Phòng chống cháy rừng với chủ rừng, Sẳng, xã Muổi Nọi LA7 LA8 LA9 ChiengBom commune people’s committee on “Approving the operating regulation of the Community Forest Management Board”, issued on 25th Nov 2011 Decision No 106/2006/QD-BNN on “Guidelines for Community Forest Management at hamlet level”, issued on Nov 27th 2006 by MARD Government Unit Law No 12/2003/QH11 “Law on the election of deputies to the people’s council”, issued by National Assembly of Vietnam Socialist Republic, on 26th Nov 2003 “Land Law” No 45/2013/QH13, approved by Vietnam Assembly on 29th Nov 2013 Law No.: 29/2004/11th Parliament Session, date 3rd, Dec 2004 „Forest Development and Protection Law“ Joint Circular No 80/2013/TTLTBTC-BNN on “Implementation of management and use of business funds for forest development and protection”, issued on 14th Jun 2013 by MARD and Ministry of Finance Commitment to Forest Protection and Forest Fire Prevention applied to forest owners, Sang village, Muoi Noi commune National Assembly MARD National Assembly Parliament MARD and Ministry of Finance FA, Local Pol Appendix 2: questionairequestionnaire Questionnaire 1: Stakeholder identification General information of stakeholder: - Name of stakeholder: ………………………………… Age: ………… Male/Female: - Position: ……………………………………………………… Address: - How many members are there in your organization? - Please, mention about your tasks/responsibility in CF: CF is supported by many actors, what is/are your experience(s): - Please, mention the actors involving to the CF processes (in the last few years): - Many actors deal with CF, base on your collaboration and experiences, please mention the actors whom you have contacted with: 36 - - How often you contact with them: + Frequent: …… time / time units + Sometimes: …… time / time units Which actors give you the information? How good is the information?  No inf (0)  Acceptable inf (1)  Good inf (2)  Very good inf (3) Questionnaire 2: Qualitative assessment (applied to powerful actors) Name of the respondent: Date of interview: …………………………………… Please, mention some information about your task in community forestry: Please, mention about the legal status of your institution: Relying on your experience, how you assess about the importance of community forest? Based on your experience and collaboration with other actors, who are the most helpful actors to you and why? Human resource: How many staffs (full-time and part-time) are there in your organization? Financial resources: - Who finances to conduct CF activities?  State  Membership fee  Donor (please, names it)  Donations (detail) Others:  - Your organization is funded by:  State  Membership fee  Donor (please, names it)  Donations (detail) Others:  Interests: 37 What will be optimal results from CF that you expect?  Social outcomes  Ecological outcomes  Economic Outcomes Questionnaire 3: CF’s outcome assessment These data are optional due to data classification, I was unable to gather them all A Economic outcomes: I Products and services: products that collected from community forests within the past years as following table: Product s Quantity (time series, if applicable) 2015 2016 2017 2018 Fodder Fuel wood Poles/Lu mber Timber Medicine plants NTFPs Others Please, mention community development services carried out by FUG: Access to direct Service Investment the forest user Health posts Rural electrification School Community buildings (e.g.FUG office building) Roads Irrigation system (canal,dams) Drinking water Others (details) AI Incomes and expenditures: Income status of the FUG: Income source Income from users Income from products Year Amount VNs Access of the direct Forest users (if applicable) Euro 38 (forest products, access permit…) Support from Forest administration Support from donors Other sources (donations, punishment charges, from confiscated products) b The expenditure status of the FUG (will be collected from annual audit and financial reports and verified through interviews) Themes of expenditure Internal administration and office management of FUG or user’s committee Forest operations Forest management (protection, plantation, inventory…) Community development Livelihood promotion programs Social programs Education Supports to other institutions Other expenditures (entertainment, donations, etc.) B Ecological outcomes Total area of community forest: Number of blocks: their respective area: No a Community-Ecosystem (stand level) - Aerial photographs / remote sensing - Ground-level photo stations - Physical habitat measures and resource inventories - Habitat suitability indices (HSI) - Censuses b Population species censuses (counts, signs, capture, radiotracking) - Remote sensing and HSI - Species-habitat modeling - Population viability analysis Field observations, CFUG review of existing programs: Prio r After (now) - What is written about biodiversity/forest health or related terms in the management plan of CFs under research? - What are the justifications in such statements? 39 - Is there any forest block allocation for biodiversity (species) conservation, watershed management? - Composition of tree species in the forest? - Others 40 Social Economi Ecologic Name of outcom c al CF e outcome outcome mediu Sang m medium medium - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited forest products Name of collection Social ofEconomi Ecologic - Free to collect NTFPs, for CF outcom c but only al subsistence e outcome outcome - No huntingmediu Xang medium medium m - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Actor Social interes t Economi c interest FA 1 Local_p ol 11 Actor Social Economi FUGR interes c Dnr 1+interest t TA 1+ FA 1 D_pol1 11 Dpol2 Local_p 11 ol FUGR Dnr 1+ TA 1+ D_pol1 11 Dpol2 11 Appendix 3: outcomes and Interests of actors in each village Ecologica l interest 1+ Ecologica l1+ interest 1+ 1 1+ 1 41 Social Economi Ecologic Name of outcom c al CF e outcome outcome mediu Liu m medium medium - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Name of Social Economi Ecologic Social CF outcome Economi c al Name of outcom c outcome Ecologica outcome CF emedium outcome Tham medium l outcome high Long mediu - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale Phang m medium medium - No logging Free to collect fuel wood butproducts not for sale Limited collection of forest Limited logging, strictly forfor sale Free to collect NTFPs, butnot only -Name Limited collection of forest products subsistence of Social Economi Ecologic Freehunting to collect NTFPs, for CF No outcom c but only al subsistence e outcome outcome -Co No huntingmediu medium medium m - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Actor FA Local_p ol FUGR Dnr TA D_pol1 Dpol2 Social interes t Economi c interest Ecologica l interest 1 1+ 10 1 11- 1 1+ 1+ 1 1 1+ 1 Actor Social Economi Ecologic Social interest c interest al interest interes Economi Ecologica Actor t c interest l interest FA 1+ Local_po 11 FAl 1 1+ Local_po FUGR 1 l 11 Dnr 1+ 1+ FUGR 1 Actor Social Economi Ecologica TA 1+ interes c1+ interest l interest Dnr 1+ D_pol1 t 11 TA 1+ FADpol2 11 1+ D_pol1 11 Dpol2 Local_p 1-111 11 ol FUGR 1 Dnr 1+ 1+ TA 1+ D_pol1 11 Dpol2 11 42 Appendix 4: Timber use needs of each cases Sang Village Category Demand(A) Ecologic Demand per Maintainance Economi (C)=B+C Name of c alyear(B)= A* Social newhouse/year CF outcome outcome Actor interest Khem medium medium medium FA Housing 8~16 30 - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale 90 Local_po 156 16~24 15 45 78 - Limited logging, strictly not for sale l 124~32 15 26 - Limited collection of forest 5products 026 32~40 15 FUGR - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for 116 Dnr subsistence >48 Shack 8~16 10 TA 112 - No hunting D_pol1 1Dpol2 116~24 Cage Diameter group Social (cm) outcome 8~16 24 Name of Social Economic Ecological CF outcome outcome outcome Co Trang medium medium medium - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale 16~24 strictly not4 for sale 12 - Limited logging, Fuel wood collection of forest products - Limited Fencing - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence Coffin >48 but only to0.2 0.2 - Limited hunting common animals Xang Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 8~16 Demand(A) 30 15 5 60 30 10 10 50 1 1 30 8~16 40 shack/year;6 shacks;MT time:5yrs Social interest Economic Ecologicalcages/year; interest interest 40 cages;Mt 1+ time:5 yrs 88 440 32 10 10 11- 44 1+ 1+ 0.2 1 1220 1+ 11 1 Use bamboo Maintainance( C)=B+C Total demand 168 84 28 28 17 228 114 38 38 23 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1140 570 190 190 114 72 122 610 36 61 305 05 new shack/year;36 shack;MT time:5yrs 85 125 624 cages/year; 25 16~24 Cage Actor FA Local_po l FUGR Dnr TA D_pol1 Dpol2 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/yea r 10 Shack 64 Total Total Note deman Economidemand Ecologic dc interestin 5alyears interest (E)= D*5 1+ 03 new 246 1230 house/year;5 123 615 1 wood 41 205 house;MT 41 1205 time: 10 yrs 1+ 25 1+ 123 1+ 12 60 Note 02 new house/year;56 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 43 53 cages;Mt time:5 yrs Fuel wood Fencing Coffin 16~24 20 42 62 312 >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Use bamboo Long Phang Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 8~16 Demand(A ) 30 15 5 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/yea r 30 15 5 50 10 Shack Maintainance (C)=B+C Total deman d 113 56 19 19 11 143 71 24 24 14 Total deman d in years (E)= D*5 713 356 119 119 71 60 110 550 01 new house/year;45 wood house;MT time: 12 yrs shack/year;30 shacks;MT time:5yrs 25 16~24 Note 30 55 275 Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin Category 8~16 24 24 48 240 16~24 12 12 24 120 cages/year; 15 cages;Mt time:5 yrs Use bamboo >48 Diameter group (cm) 0.2 Demand(A ) 0.2 0.2 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year Maintainance (C)=B+C Total deman d Total demand in years Note 44 Housing Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 30 15 5 60 30 10 10 189 95 32 32 19 249 125 42 42 25 (E)= D*5 1245 623 208 208 125 8~16 12 72 189 261 1305 16~24 36 95 131 652.5 >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 02 new house/year;63 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 06 cages/year; 63 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo Co Village 45 Co Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 30 15 5 60 30 10 10 189 95 32 32 19 249 125 42 42 25 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1245 623 208 208 125 8~16 12 72 189 261 1305 16~24 36 95 131 652.5 >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin Demand(A) Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year Maintainance(C)=B+C Total demand Note 02 n house/yea house;MT yr 06 cages cages;Mt ti Use bamb Liu Village Categ ory Housi ng Cage Fuel wood Fenci ng Diame ter group (cm) Demand(A) Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse /year 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 30 15 5 60 30 10 10 183 92 31 31 243 122 41 41 Total dema nd in years (E)= D*5 1215 608 203 203 >48 18 24 122 Maintainance( C)=B+C Total dema nd 8~16 12 72 183 255 1275 16~24 36 92 128 637.5 Note 02 new house/ye ar;61 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 06 cages/ye ar; 63 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo 46 Coffin >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Khem Village Categ ory Diame ter group (cm) Demand( A) Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/ year Housi ng 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 30 15 5 90 45 15 15 Cage Fuel wood Fencin g Coffin Maintainance(C )=B+C Total dema nd 306 153 51 51 31 396 198 66 66 40 Total dema nd in years (E)= D*5 1980 990 330 330 198 8~16 12 120 306 426 2130 16~24 60 153 213 1065 Note 03 new house/year ;102 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 10 cages/yea r; 102 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tham Village Nodata Phang Village Nodata 47 ... Sơn La việc “Ban hành tạm thời sách giao đất, giao rừng áp dụng địa phương quy định sách hưởng lợi đất lâm nghiệp với tổ chức, cá nhân, hộ gia định cộng đồng giao, nhận khoán rừng đất lâm nghiệp”... 2396/QĐ-UB Ủy ban nhân dân tỉnh Sơn La việc “Phê duyệt phương án giao đất lâm nghiệp, giao rừng tự nhiên năm 2001 – 2003 cho tổ chức, cá nhân, hộ gia định cộng đồng thôn bản” ngày 17 tháng 11 năm 2000... people of said communes for helping me during my study time Hanoi, September 2018 Student Nguyen Gia Phong TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES ABSTRACT The study Community forestry