Tiếng Anh là một trong những môn thi bắt buộc của kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia bên cạnh môn Toán và Ngữ văn. Nhằm mục đích đánh giá và phân loại rõ ràng các thí sinh, cấu trúc đề thi tiếng Anh mỗi năm có nhiều sự thay đổi. Tuy nhiên, nếu nhìn vào cấu trúc đề thi, chúng ta nhận thấy tầm quan trọng của Câu đảo ngữ ( Inversion) cũng không ít đi chút nào. Điều này được thể hiện ở một số câu hỏi được trích dẫn từ đề thi một số năm gần đây.
MỤC LỤC LỜI MỞ ĐẦU………………………………………….… .… … NỘI DUNG Phần A Hệ thống kiến thức .3 Phần B.Các dạng tập với cấu trúc Đảo ngữ thường gặp Phần C Hệ thống tập áp dụng, ma trận lời giải .10 KẾT LUẬN … .29 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO………………………….…… ………….…… 30 LỜI MỞ ĐẦU Tiếng Anh môn thi bắt buộc kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia bên cạnh mơn Tốn Ngữ văn Nhằm mục đích đánh giá phân loại rõ ràng thí sinh, cấu trúc đề thi tiếng Anh năm có nhiều thay đổi Tuy nhiên, nhìn vào cấu trúc đề thi, nhận thấy tầm quan trọng Câu đảo ngữ ( Inversion) khơng chút Điều thể số câu hỏi trích dẫn từ đề thi số năm gần Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2019 – Mã đề 402 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions Question 25: He badly suffered cyberbullying himself He realised the true dangers of social media only then A Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realise the true dangers of social media B Only when he had realised the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying himself C But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realise the true dangers of social media D, Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realise the true dangers of social media Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2018 – Mã đề 401 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Question 14: Only after she from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good health A would recover B has recovered C had recovered D was recovering Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2017 – Mã đề 401 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions Question 44 We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts A But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident B Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident C Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident D If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident Thực tế, nội dung học sinh thấy khó cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ đa dạng, đồng thời có liên quan mật thiết đến cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác.Do vậy, tơi ln băn khoăn, trăn trở tìm biện pháp giúp em học sinh có thêm hứng thú học cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ, có kiến thức sâu làm quen với nhiều dạng tập khác có sử dụng mẫu câu Sau nhiều năm dạy ôn thi THPT Quốc gia bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi, tổng hợp kiến thức viết chuyên để “ Câu đảo ngữ tiếng Anh ( The inversion of subject and verb in English ) ” áp dụng cho học sinh lớp 11 với thời lượng tiết NỘI DUNG A Hệ thống kiến thức Trong sống, thường sử dụng mẫu câu theo trật tự thông thường Tuy nhiên, để nhấn mạnh ý cần nói, thay đổi trật tự câu không làm biến đổi nghĩa câu, người ta gọi “đảo ngữ” I Định nghĩa chức năng: Đảo ngữ dạng câu đảo trợ động từ động từ trạng từ lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh yếu tố quan trọng muốn đề cập câu Trong số mẫu câu động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Đảo ngữ loại câu thường gặp giao tiếp văn viết tiếng Anh II Các dạng đảo ngữ 1.Đảo ngữ với NO NOT Câu thông thường: S + Verb + No + Noun Câu đảo ngữ: No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb Câu thông thường: S + Auxiliary + not + Verb + Any + Noun Câu đảo ngữ: Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb Eg: I shall lend you no money from now on No money shall I lend you from now on I shall not lend you any money from now on Not any money shall I lend you from now on He will spend no time reading these books No time will he spend reading these books He will not spend any time reading these books Not any time will he spend reading these books She did not shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định/ bán phủ định NEVER ( không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ) , RARELY , SELDOM, BARELY, SCARCELY ( khi), LITTLE ( không), HARDLY EVER ( không bao giờ) Câu thông thường : S + Adv + Verb + … Câu đảo ngữ : Adv + Auxiliary + S + verb Eg: It never snows in mid- summer Never in mid-summer does it snow I rarely get mark 10 in literature Rarely I mark 10 in literature I seldom listen to Rock music Seldom I listen to Rock music She little understands me Little does she understand me He hardly speaks in the public Hardly ever does he speak in the public I scarcely miss a football match on TV Scarcely I miss a football match on TV 3.Đảo ngữ với ONLY: Only once ( lần) Only later ( sau này) Only in this way ( cách này) Only in that way ( cách đó) Only then ( ấy) Only after + Noun/ V-ing/Clause ( sau khi) Only by + noun/ V-ing ( cách) Only when + clause ( khi) Only if + clause ( nếu) Only with + Noun ( với) Only in + adverb of time/ place ( vào/ ở…) Câu thông thường: Câu đảo ngữ: S + Verb + only ……… Only … + Auxiliary + S + Verb Eg: I have met her only once Only once have I met her I knew that I had made a serious mistake only later Only later did I know that I had made a serious mistake We shall be successful only in this way Only in this way shall we be successful I realized that I had left my passport at home only then Only then did I realize that I had left my passport at home He realized that he had forgotten to put on a stamp only after posting the letter Only after posting the letter did he realize that he had forgotten to put on a stamp We could relax only after all the guests had gone home Only after all the guests had gone home could we relax The workers called off the strike only after a new pay offer Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike I knew that he was still alive only when I received his letter Only when I received his letter did I know that he was still alive We can pass the exam only by working hard Only by working hard can we pass the exam I shall pass the exam only if you help me Only if you help me shall I pass the exam You can buy a house in Hanoi only with a big sum of money Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi There is this kind of flower only in April Only in April is there this kind of flower 4.Đảo ngữ với cụm từ có NO: At no time ( chưa bao giờ… On no condition ( tuyệt đối không…) On no account ( Với lý khơng…) Under/In no circumstances ( Trong hoàn cảnh khơng…) For no reason ( khơng lý gì) In no way ( khơng cịn cách nào) No longer / No more ( khơng cịn) No where ( khơng đâu) By no means ( nào) Câu thông thường: S + auxiliary + not + Verb + … + ( Preposition) any + …… S + no … + Verb +…… Câu đảo ngữ: (Preposition) No + …… Auxiliary + S + Verb +…… Eg: He never knew she came from a rich family At no time did he know she came from a rich family I no longer work for them No longer I work for them Passengers are not permitted to open the door themselves under any circumstance Under no circumstance are passengers permitted to open the doors themselves The outcome of the election was never in doubt At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt You mustn’t touch the switch on any account On no account must you touch the switch We shall not accept their proposal on any condition On no condition shall we accept their proposal You mustn’t cheat in your exam for any reason For no reason must you cheat in your exam I am not interested in politics any longer No longer am I interested in politics 5 Đảo ngữ với: No sooner … than …….; Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely… when/before … ( Vừa ….thì…) Câu thơng thường : S + had + no sooner + Vpp + than + S + Vpast S + had + hardly/barely/ scarcely + Vpp + when + S + Vpast Câu đảo ngữ: No sooner + had + S + Vpp + than + S + Vpast Hardly / Barely / Scarcely + had + S + Vpp + when / before + S + Vpast Eg: I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang 6.Đảo ngữ với Not only…… but ….also (không những…… mà cịn… ) Câu thơng thường : S + not only + Verb + but + S + also + Verb + … Câu đảo ngữ: Not only + auxiliary + S + Verb (inf) + but …… also… Eg He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well She not only sings well but she also plays musical instruments perfecctly Not only does she sing well but she also plays musical instruments perfectly Đảo ngữ với So … that Câu thông thường: S + be + so + Adj + that + S + Verb S + Verb + so + Adj/Adv + that + S + Verb Câu đảo ngữ: So + Adj + be + S + that + S + verb So + Adj / Adv + auxiliary + S + Verb + that + S + verb Eg: He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night Đảo ngữ với Such … That Câu thông thường: S + be + such + ( a/an ) + Adj + Noun + that + S + Verb Câu đảo ngữ: Such + (a/an) +Adj + Noun + be + that + S + verb Such + be + ( a/an ) + Adj + Noun + that + S + verb Note: trường hợp BE SO MUCH/GREAT đổi thành SUCH BE NOUN Eg: The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her The force of the storm was so great that trees were uprooted Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted Her grief is so great that she almost fainted Such is her grief that she almost fainted Đảo ngữ với Not until/till ( then/ later) Câu thông thường: S + ( not ) + verb + until/ till + noun / Ving / Clause Câu dảo ngữ: Not until/till + Noun/ Ving / Clause + Auxiliary + S + V … Eg: He couldn’t speak until he was eight Not until/till he was eight could he speak 10.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện a Câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu thông thường: If + S1 + Verb (s/es), S2 + will/ modal Verb + Vinf Câu đảo ngữ: Should + S1 + Vinf , S2 + will/ modal Verb + Vinf Eg: If you hear the fire alarm, leave the building at once Should you hear the fire alarm, leave the building at once If anybody phones me, please tell them I’m busy Should anybody phone me, please tell them I’m busy b Câu điều kiện loại 2: * Có động từ “ TO BE ”: Câu thơng thường: If + S1 + were + …, S2 + would + Vinf + … Câu đảo ngữ: Were + S1 + …., S2 + would + Vinf Eg: If I were you, I wouldn’t that Were I you, I wouldn’t that *Có động từ thường: Câu thơng thường: If + S1 + Vpast, S2 + would + Vinf Câu đảo ngữ: Were + S1 + to Vinf , S2 + would + Vinf Eg: If he worked more slowly, he wouldn’t make many mistakes Were he to work more slowly, he wouldn’t make many mistakes c Câu điều kiện loại 3: Câu thông thường: If + S1 + had + Vpp , S2 + would + have + Vpp Câu đảo ngữ: Had + S1 + Vpp , S2 + would + have + Vpp Eg: If they had realized the danger, they would have done it differently Had they realized the danger, they would have done it differently Note: Đối với ba loại câu điều kiện, mệnh đề IF phủ định ta đặt NOT sau chủ từ Eg:If you don’t believe what I said, ask your mother Should you not believe what I said, ask your mother If she were not shy, she would have a good time at the party Were she not shy, she would have a good time at the party If I hadn’t seen it, I wouldnt have believed it Had I not seen it, I wouldnt have believed it 11 Đảo ngữ với Neither/ Nor So: Câu đảo ngữ: S1 + auxiliary + not + Verb , and neither / nor + auxiliary + S2 S1 + Verb, and + so + S2 Eg: They don’t like chicken, and neither/nor I She can play the guitar, and so can I * ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NEITHER……………… NOR : Câu thông thường: S + Verb + neither + … nor + …… Câu đảo ngữ: Neither + auxiliary + S + Verb + nor + …… Eg: There is neither excitement nor entertainment in this small town Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town 12 Đảo ngữ so sánh với As Than Câu thông thường: S1 + Verb +…, as + S2 + auxiliary Câu đảo ngữ: S1 + Verb + , as + auxiliary + S2 Eg: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was The cake was excellent, as was the coffee I thought, as my friend did, that the exam would be difficult I thought, as did my friend, that the exam would be difficult He has more money than you He has more money than you 13 Đảo ngữ sau trạng ngữ phương hướng vị trí Khi câu có từ cụm trạng ngữ phương hướng vị trí nội động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Câu thông thường: S + Verb + Adv Câu đảo ngữ: Adv + Verb + S Eg:David began to open the parcels A dictionary was inside the first David began to open the parcels Inside the first was a dictionary A portrait of Lenin was above the blackboard Above the blackboard was a portrait of Lenin His father sat in an armchair In an armchair sat his father Note: -Động từ TO BE thường sử dụng dạng đảo ngữ này, ngồi ta cịn dùng nội động từ chuyển động như: CLIMB, COME, FLY, GO, HANG, LIE, RUN, SIT, STAND, …… -Thường dùng dạng đảo ngữ động từ khứ đơn -Trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ mà sử dụng trực tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ từ -Không đảo ngữ chủ từ đại từ (sai): In an armchair sat she 14 Đảo ngữ với Adj + as = Although Câu thông thường: Although + S + Verb Câu đảo ngữ: Adj + as + S + Verb Eg :Although science has accomplished much in this century, there’s still more to be done Much as science has accomplished in this century, there’s still more to be done Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose B.Các dạng tập với cấu trúc Đảo ngữ thường gặp Dạng viết lại câu tự luận Eg:Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe No sooner No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released Dạng viết lại câu trắc nghiệm Eg: John stops smoking A John does not smoke no longer B John smokes any longer C No longer does John smoke D Any longer John smokes Dạng kết hợp câu Eg: The coach changed his tactics in the second half His football team won the match A But for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match B Only if the coach had changed his tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match C Had it not been for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, his football team wouldn't have won the match D Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half Dạng điền khuyết Eg: Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came A does my sister go B did my sister go C my sister goes D my sister does go 78 Here … A he come B does the come C comes the bus D.the bus comes 79 Second ……… A came the bus B.did the bus come C come the bus D.does the bus come 80 Under no circumstances ………………….in his story A.do we believe B we believe C we believe D we believed Exercise Mark the letter A,B,C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions ( Thông hiểu) We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers Nor we can stop the disappearance of plants A B C D and animals Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet A B C D It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his parents A B C D Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer A B C D Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me A B C D Not until the early 1960s did the birth rate in the United States began to decline A B C D 7.Hardly did he enter the room when all the lights went out A B C D Our civilization is so commonplace to us that rarely we stop to think about its complexity A B C D 9.The police admitted that seldom they had to deal with such a baffling case A B C D 10.The driver of the car causing the accident admitted that not only A he was not insured but he didn’t have a driving licence either B C D 11.Hardly had we arrived at the hotel that there was a power cut 15 A B C D 12.No sooner had I turned out the light when I heard a noise outside A B C D 13.Not only Jack broke his leg, but he also injured his shoulders A B C D 14.Hardly had we settled down in our seats than the lights went out A B C D 15.Only after checking three times I was certain of the answer A B C D 16.No sooner it had stopped raining than the sun came out A B C D 17.Only when Pete has arrived that we can begin the programme A B C D 18.On no condition that they are to open fire without a warning A B C B 19.Not until I was on my way to the airport that I realized I had left my passport at home A B C D 20.Hardly had the train left the station than there was an explosion A B C D 21.At no time she could understand what he really wanted to say A B C D 22 When is a flag upside down, it is an internationally recognized symbol of distress A B C D 23.Seldom Antarctic icebergs will move far enough north to disturb South Pacific A B C shipping lanes D 24.Not until it was too late that I remembered to call Susan A B C D 25.No sooner had they returned home from the holiday when Tony had to leave for a business trip A B C D 26.Not until did I get home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella A B C D 27.No sooner I had reached the door than I realized it was locked A B C D Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions ( Vận dụng thấp) Get in touch with me as soon as possible if you change your mind about the trip 16 A Should you change your mind about the trip, contact me as soon as possible B If you changed your mind about the trip, get in touch with me as soon as possible C You should call me whenever you changed your mind about the trip D Having changed your mind about the trip, you should get in touch with me soon Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have attended the lecture A Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held too late, B The lecture was held earlier so that more people would attend C Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early announcement D Since the announcement was not made earlier, fewer people came to hear the lecture Were it not for the money, the job wouldn’t be worthwhile A This job is not rewarding at all B This job offers a poor salary C Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile D The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money 4: She is now leading a normal life as a result of all the support she received from social workers A Had it not been for the social workers, she wouldn’t be leading such a normal life now B.Because she receives all the support from social workers, she is leading a normal life now C If she didn’t receive all the support from social workers, she wouldn’t be leading a normal life now D Had she not received so much support from social workers, she wouldn’t be leading such a normal life now Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made A No sooner did everyone start complaining than the announcement was made B As soon as the announcement made, everyone started complaining C No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining D Everyone started complaining that the announcement was made The worker only called off the strike after a new pay offer A Not until a new pay was offered, the workers called off the strike B The worker called off the strike only when a new pay offer C A new pay was offered, which made the strike call off D Not until a new pay was offered did the workers call off the strike My uncle didn't recognize me until I spoke A My uncle recognized me not until I spoke B Not until I spoke did my uncle not recognize me C Not until I spoke did my uncle recognize me D Only when my uncle recognized me did I speak As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home A He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected B No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home 17 C Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport D He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home Helen wrote a novel and made a cowboy film A Helen wrote not only a novel but also made a cowboy film B Helen both wrote a novel as well as made a cowboy film C Helen either wrote a novel or made a cowboy film D Not only did Helen write a novel but she also made a cowboy film 10 Not until I met Jack did I get some news about you A I didn't get any news about you until I met Jack B Jack shouldn't have told me news about you C Until I met Jack I got some news about you D As soon as I got news about you, I met Jack 11 It is rare that my sister goes to the cinema A My sister is rare of going to the cinema B Rarely does my sister go to the cinema C That my sister goes to the cinema rarely D Going to the cinema is rare to my sister 12 Soon after they sold their house, they were offered a better price for it A No sooner they sold their house were they offered a better price for it B They were offered a better price for their house, and they sold it C They had no sooner sold their house than they were offered a better price for it D No sooner had they sold their house and they were offered a better price for it 13 It was only when I left home that I realized the meaning of "family" A I realized the meaning of "family" before I left home B Only when I left home I realized the meaning of "family" C Not until I left home did I realize the meaning of "family" D I didn't leave home until I realized the meaning of "family" 14 She had only just put the telephone down when the boss rang A She put the telephone down and the boss rang B Hardly had she put the telephone down when the boss rang C The boss rang back, but she put the telephone down D She had put the telephone down, so she let it ring when the boss rang 15 They hardly found her number when they called her A They called her sooner or later B They called her as soon as they found her number C They found her number as soon as they called her D They found her number sooner or later 16 As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away A He saw her turn away and he waved his hand 18 B He waved his hand and at once she turned away C She turned away because he waved his hand D No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away Exrcise Choose the sentence A, B, C, or D that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions ( Vận dụng thấp) They drove fifteen miles off the main road Also, they had nothing to eat for the day A.They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they had something to eat for the day B.They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road or had anything to eat for the day C Driving fifteen miles off the main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day D Not only did they drive fifteen miles off the main road but they also had nothing to eat for the day It was an interesting novel I stayed up all night to finish it A.I stayed up all night to finish the novel so it was interesting B.Unless it were an interesting novel, I would not stay up all night to finish it C Though it was an interesting novel, I stayed up all night to finish it D So interesting was the novel that I stayed up all night to finish it We arrived at the airport We realized our passports were still at home A.It was until we arrived at the airport that we realize our passports were still at home B.We arrived at the airport and realized that our passports are still at home C Not until we arrived at the airport did we realize that our passports were still at home D Not until had we arrived at the airport we realized our passports were still at home It isn't just that the level of education of this school is high It's that it's also been consistent for years A.The level of education in this school, which is usually quite high, shows only slight variations from year to year B.Not only are the standards of education good in this school, but it has maintained those standards over the years as well C The standard of education is not high in this school, but at least all the students are at the same level D It isn't fair to deny that this school is successful, as it has had the same high standards for many years now The basketball team knew they lost the match They soon started to blame each other A.Hardly had the basketball team known they lost the match when they started to blame each other B.No sooner had the basketball team started to blame each other than they knew they lost the match C As soon as they blamed each other, the basketball team knew they lost the match D Not only did the basketball team lose the match but they blamed each other as well 19 II Bài tập tự luận: Dạng biến đổi câu ( Sentence Transformation) ( Vận dụng cao) Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences with NEVER She has never been so happy before => Never before………………………………………… Never before has she been so happy I have never heard such nonsense! => Never………………………………………………… Never have I heard such nonsense! I have never seen such a mess in my life => Never in my life………………………………… Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life Our profits have never been higher than they are this year => Never……………………………… Nerver have our profits been higher than they are this year The film has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration =>Never……………………………………… Never before has the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration I've never come across such a horrifying film => Never……………………………………… Never have I come across such a horrifying film I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production => Never………………………………………… Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you => Never……………………………………………… Never in my life have I seen anyone drink as much as you Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences with RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE One rarely finds good service these days => Rarely……………………………………………………… Rarely does one find good service these days She rarely travels more than fifty miles from her village => Rarely………………………………………… Rarely does she travel more than fifty miles from her village Public borrowing is seldom so high => Seldom………………………………………… Seldom is public borrowing so high They seldom participate in such a fascinating ceremony => Seldom………………………… 20 Seldom they participate in such a fascinating ceremony They little suspected that the musical show was going to be a runaway success => Little…………………………… Little did they suspect that the musical show was going to be a runaway success The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent => Little………………………………………… Little the embassy realize that Ted was a secret agent He seldom sees anything stranger => Seldom…………………………………………… Seldom does he see anything stranger He rarely meets such a beautiful film star => Rarely …………………… Rarely does he meet such a beautiful film star Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences with NOT ONLY He is my friend as well as yours => Not only………………………………………………… Not only is he my friend but also yours He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me => Not only……………………………………… Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder .=> Not only……………………………………………… Not only did he break his leg but also injured his shoulder He is both intelligent and handsome .=> Not only…………………………………………………………………… Not only is he intelligent but also handsome The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat => Not…………………………………………………………………………… Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations => Not…………………………………………………………………………… Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations She is not only beautiful but also attractive => Not…………………………………………………………………………… Not only is she beautiful but also attractive He translated not only fast but also correctly => Not…………………………………………………………………………… Not only did he translate fast but also correctly 21 Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences with ONLY 1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave I didn’t realize who he was until later => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only later did I realize who he was The door could not be opened without using force => Only ………………………………………………………………………… Only by using force could they open the door Exercise 5: Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should the Government be forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9.a.m => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after A.M If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately 22 => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here => Should ………………………………………………………………………… Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here Exercise 6: Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing => Were ………………………………………………………………………… Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were ………………………………………………………………………… Were I sent to prison would you visit me? I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop => Had ………………………………………………………………………… Had I seen the signal I would have stopped If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car => Were ………………………………………………………………………… Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car If I were you, I would tell him the truth => Were ………………………………………………………………………… Were I you, I would tell him the truth If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them => Were ………………………………………………………………………… Were he not busy right now, he could help them If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry => Had ………………………………………………………………………… Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work => Had ………………………………………………………………………… Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something => Had ………………………………………………………………………… Had I he not been angry, I would have said something 10 If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train => Had………………………………………………………………………… Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train 23 Exercise 7:Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach => So ………………………………………………………………………… So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach He is so strong that he can lift the box => So ………………………………………………………………………… So strong is he that he can lift the box He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him => Such ………………………………………………………………………… Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him He ate so much food that he became ill => So ………………………………………………………………………… So much food did he eat that he became ill It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it => Such ………………………………………………………………………… Such hot coffee is it that I can't drink it He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them => So ………………………………………………………………………… So many books did he buy that he didn't know where to put them She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her => Such ………………………………………………………………………… Such a soft voice does she have that everyone likes her This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it => So ………………………………………………………………………… So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him => Such ………………………………………………………………………… Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him 10 She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair => So ………………………………………………………………………… So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair Exercise 8:Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NO SOONER / HARDLY … 1.He had written the problem on the blackboard He solved it => Hardly………………………………………………………… Hardly had he written the problem on the blackboard when he solved it 2.He had no sooner got home than it began to rain => No sooner……………………………………………………… No sooner had he got home than it began to rain 3.As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking 24 => No sooner……………………………………………………… No sooner had the teacher come in than they stopped talking 4.He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk => No sooner………………………… No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter 5.She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her => Hardly ………………………………………………………… Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her 6.She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents => No sooner ……………………………………………………………… No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents 7.I had just arrived home when she came => No sooner…………………………………………………………… No sooner had I arrived home than she came 8.I had only just put down the phone when the boss rang back => Hardly ……………………………………………………………… Hardly had I put down the phone when the boss rang back Exercise 9:Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NO… 1.The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances => Under no circumstances………………………………………… Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals 2.The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property => In no way …………………………………………………………… In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property 3.He never suspected that she was a witch => At no time……………………………… At no time did he suspect that she was a witch 4.You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones => Nowhere Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones 5.The outcome of the election was never in doubt => At no time At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt 6.He won’t return to his Fatherland on any account => On no account…………………………………………………………… On no account will he return to his Fatherland 7.I got no help from him => No help…………………………………………………………………… No help did I get from him 25 8.The lost child could be found nowhere => Nowhere ………………………………………………………………… Nowhere could the lost child be found Exercise 10 Rewrite these sentences 1.In a few countries the whole of the population only enjoy a reasonable standard of living => Only in ……………………………… Only in a few countries the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable standard of living 2.Her grief was so great that she almost fainted =>So ………………………………………… So great was her grief that she almost fainted 3.He studied English He also studied French =>Not only …………………… Not only did he study English but also French 4.He never suspected that the money had been stolen => At no time …………………… At no time did he suspect that the money had been stolen 5.I only recognised him when he came into the light => Not until…………………… Not until he came into the light did I recognise him 6.We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home => Only …………………………… Only after all the guests had gone home could we relax 7.He forgot about the gun until he got home => Not until……………………… Not until he got home did he remember about the gun 8.It was only when I left home that I realised how much my father meant to me => Not until………………………… Not until I left home did I realise how much my father meant to me 9.You are both funny and witty => Not only……………………… Not only are you funny but also witty 10.The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer => Only after……………………… Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike 11.The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition => Only by………………………………… Only by united opposition can we eliminate world terrorism 12.We only send you books after receiving the money => Only after the money…………………… 26 Only after receiving the money we send you books 13.There are more people out of work in this country than ever before => Never………………………………… Never before are there more people out of work in this country 14 I have never been to Liverpool in my life => Never in my life…………………… Never in my life have I been to Liverpool 15 The situation was so strange that I couldn’t sleep => So……………………………………………… So strange was the situation that I couldn’t sleep 27 KẾT LUẬN Với hệ thống kiến thức chi tiết ví dụ minh họa cụ thể hệ thống tập đa dạng trên, qua nhiều năm áp dụng cho đối tượng học sinh trường THPT Lê Xoay thu số kết định 100% học sinh áp dụng lý thuyết để làm dạng tập trắc nghiệm Học sinh giỏi giải tập tự luận mức độ vận dụng cao Do nhiều năm qua 100 % học sinh trường THPT Lê Xoay đỗ kì thi THPT Quốc gia với kết cao đạt kết cao kì thi học sinh giỏi Tôi hy vọng áp dụng đại trà, chuyên đề phù hợp với nhiều đối tượng học sinh, đồng thời kính mong đóng góp thầy để tơi hồn thiện chun đề tốt 28 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 1.Sách tự học luyện thi THPT quốc gia tiếng Anh – Hoàng Thái Dương 2.Sách tổng ôn tập chuyên đề tiếng Anh – Lưu Hồng Trí Longman Grammar - Longman (Firm : New York, N.Y.) – 2000 http://www.englishclub.com/inversion.htm 5.http://www.thichtienganh.com http://lopngoaingu.com/100-english-lesson/index.php?id=1 7.https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/inversion 8.https://oxford.edu.vn/goc-tieng-anh/hoc-tieng-anh-cung-oxford/cach-dung-cau-dao-ngu-theinversion-758.html 9.https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/inversion.html 29 ... chức năng: Đảo ngữ dạng câu đảo trợ động từ động từ trạng từ lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh yếu tố quan trọng muốn đề cập câu Trong số mẫu câu động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Đảo ngữ loại câu thường... thường gặp giao tiếp văn viết tiếng Anh II Các dạng đảo ngữ 1 .Đảo ngữ với NO NOT Câu thông thường: S + Verb + No + Noun Câu đảo ngữ: No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb Câu thông thường: S + Auxiliary... money than you 13 Đảo ngữ sau trạng ngữ phương hướng vị trí Khi câu có từ cụm trạng ngữ phương hướng vị trí nội động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Câu thông thường: S + Verb + Adv Câu đảo ngữ: Adv + Verb