tiểu luận kinh tế lượng THE FACTORS AFFECTING VIETNAM’S RICE EXPORT IN THE PERIOD 1990 2018

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS -o0o ECONOMETRICS REPORT THE FACTORS AFFECTING VIETNAM’S RICE EXPORT IN THE PERIOD 1990-2018 Course: KTEE218.1 Group number: Student’names - ID: Lê Phương Anh – 1814450011 Nguyễn Hoàng Long – 1814450049 Nguyễn Hoàng Mai – 1814450105 Trần Nhật Mỹ – 1814450056 Nguyễn Hoài Phương – 1814450064 Instructor : Dr Nguyễn Thúy Quỳnh Hanoi, September 2019 Group’s member and assessments Name ID Level of contribution Level of work completion Grade Lê Phương Anh 1814450011 20% 100% 10 Nguyễn Hoàng Long 1814450049 20% 100% 10 Nguyễn Hoàng Mai 1814450105 20% 100% 10 Trần Nhật Mỹ 1814450056 20% 100% 10 Nguyễn Hoài Phương 1814450064 20% 100% 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION SECTION I OVER VIEW OF THE TOPIC I Definitions II Relevant theories III Economic Theory 1.Market-Power Theory of Inflation: Conventional Demand-Pull Inflation: 3.Structural Theories of Inflation: IV RELATED PUBLISHED RESEARCHES 11 1.Overseas research on rice export 11 2.Domestic research on rice export 11 V RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 11 SECTION II MODEL SPECIFICATION 13 I Population regression model 13 II Sample regression model 13 III Explanation of variables in the model 14 IV Expectation in influence of independent variables on dependent variable V 15 Statistically Data Description 15 Descriptive statistics Data description SECTION III ESTIMATED MODEL AND STATISTICAL INFERENCES 17 I Estimated model 17 II Hypothesis testing 19 1.Testing hypotheses of coefficients 2.Testing the fit of regression model III Recommendations 20 CONCLUSION 22 ABSTRACT Vietnam is known as one of the biggest rice exporters in the world Rice from Vietnam is available in more than 120 countries and territories in all continents in the world Vietnam’s exported rice increases quickly in terms of quantities, but its export value is not high and increases slowly Also, it does not ensure the benefits and incomes for the rice farmers This makes the rice export of Vietnam not effective, unsustainable, and unstable This report explores the factors influencing Vietnam’s rice export in the period 1990-2018 According to hypothesis raised in the chapter, results have revealed that the main impacts on Vietnam rice export are gross domestic product (GDP), land area, rice production, inflation INTRODUCTION Vietnam is known as an agricultural country, with 80% of the population living in rural areas and 73% of the labor force engaged in agriculture (1990 statistics) and by 2017 there were 69% of workers East of rural areas, more than 40% of laborers are engaged in agriculture Therefore, rice export is always an industry that brings great economic value and has a positive impact on our economy, helping to exploit the relative and absolute advantages of Vietnam in the period of world economic integration With a stable and high production growth rate, the export capacity of Vietnamese rice items has increased year by year in order that Vietnam has expanded its market to more than 80 countries and territories, ranked second in the world about rice export However, the promotion of rice export as well as the efficiency of rice export in Vietnam still have many pressing issues such as low rice export price, the quality of exported rice does not increase, the benefits of rice grain makers are not guaranteed, Especially, in the context of deeper and deeper international economic integration of Vietnam at present, rice export is dealing with big challenges such as: unstable market Therefore, the competition trend of new rice exporting countries is getting more and more violent Thus, the export of rice in Vietnam is affected by many micro and macro factors According to economic experts, there are many different factors that are objective (influences from the world economy) and subjective can affect the rice export in Vietnam So the questions our report refers to are what are those factors? , How are these trends and impact levels? These are really important and practical questions not only for policy makers but also essential for organizations and individuals operating in the field of agricultural exports, especially rice Recognizing the importance and complexity of the problem, we chose the topic " The factors affecting Vietnam’s rice export in the period 1990-2018" to clarify the influencing factors, thereby proposing a number of appropriate solutions to boost Vietnam's rice exports in the near future Researching the factors affecting the export of rice in Vietnam, thereby proposing some solutions based on promoting the effects of beneficial factors and limiting the effects of disadvantages factors to develop Vietnam's rice export activities in the future Moreover, our report wants to contribute to systematizing and developing theoretical basis as well as summarizing practical studies on factors affecting rice export Besides, we analyze the current situation and factors affecting Vietnam's rice export, thereby clarifying the achievements and limitations in Vietnam's rice exports in the period 1990-2018 Our report suggests some solutions to promote the influence of beneficial factors and limit the effects of adverse factors to boost Vietnam's rice exports in near future Our report researches the factors influencing the export of rice in Vietnam About the scope of research, we explore, evaluate and quantify the influence of factors on export of rice in Vietnam through special targets, indicators and analysis model The content analyzes and evaluates in order to propose some solutions to boost the output and export turnover of the rice in Vietnam On the other hand, this report uses the data sources for research in the period 1990-2018 and the country that was primarily studied on this topic is Vietnam After studying and processing data seriously, group came up with the results that the most important factor affecting the value of our country's rice exports is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), next the land area, then inflation, and finally the rice production generated in Vietnam The structure of research: Chapter 1: Overview of the topic Chapter 2: Model specification Chapter 3: Estimated model, Hypothesis testing and Recommendations SECTION I OVER VIEW OF THE TOPIC I Definitions Exporting is one way that businesses can rapidly expand their potential market Exporting is the basic activity of foreign trade It has appeared very early in the history of social development and increasingly strong development in both width and depth Their primitive form was merely the exchange of goods, but so far it has developed very strongly and manifested in many forms Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given period of time Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time II Relevant theories The study uses linear regression models and least squares estimation methods • Linear regression model Linear regression analysis is a method of analyzing the relationship between dependent variable Y and one or more independent variables X Modeling uses linear functions (degree 1) The parameters of the model (or function) are estimated from the data Y= β0 + β1Xi1 + β2Xi2 + + βnXin + u Components of a linear regression model: * Variables - Dependent variables: are variables that we care about its value, usually denoted by Y and located on the left side of the equation The dependent variable is also called the explanatory or reaction variable - Independent variable: is a variable that is supposed to affect the dependent variable, usually denoted by X and located on the right side of the equation The independent variable is also called the explanatory variable * Random error The random error, often denoted by u, is a representative of the factors that affect the variable Y, in addition to X In the model we don't have observations about it, so sometimes u can is called unobserved random error Therefore, for the regression function to make sense, it is necessary to make assumptions for this component The assumption is given that: at each value of X, the expectation of u is zero *The regression coefficients include β0, β1, β2, , βn, showing the relationship between variables X and Y when the factors included in u are unchanged • Least squares estimation methods The least squares method, also known as the least squares or minimum squares, is an optimization method to select the best line for a data range corresponding to the maximum value of the error statistics (errors) between matching lines and data Suppose the data consists of points (xi, yi) with i = 1, 2, , n We need to find a function f that satisfies f (xi) ≈ yi Suppose the function f can change shape, depending on some parameters, pj with j = 1, 2, , m f(x) = f(pj, x) The content of the method is to find the value of the parameters pj so that the following expression reaches a minimum: ∑( =1 − ( ))2 This content explains why the name of the method is the least squares III Economic Theory Market-Power Theory of Inflation: In an economy, when a single or a group of sellers together decide a new price that is different from the competitive price, then the price is termed as market-power price Such groups keep prices at the level at which they can earn maximum profit without any concern for the purchasing power of consumers For example, in the past few years, the prices of onion were very- high in India The soaring price of onions was the result of the group action of onion producers In such a situation, people in middle and low income groups reduced the consumption of onions However, onion producers earned high profits from higher income group According to the advanced version of market power theory of inflation, oligopolists can increase the price to any level even if the demand does not rise This hike in price levels occurs due to increase in wages (because of trade unions) in the oligopolistic industry The increase in wages is compensated with the hike in prices of products With increase in the income of individuals, their purchasing power also increases, which further results in inflation Apart from this, some economists concluded that fiscal and monetary policies are not applicable in practical situations as these policies are not able to control rise in prices levels These policies would work only when prices rise due to an increase in demand Moreover, these policies cannot be applied to oligopolistic rise in prices, which is due to increase in the cost of production Monetary policy can reduce the rate of inflation by raising the interest rate and regulating the credit flow in the market However, it would have no effect on the oligopolistic price as the cost is transferred to the prices of goods and services When analyzing the factors affecting exports, the first factor mentioned is GDP Gross domestic product of the exporting country Most studies of exporter's GDP suggest that this factor has a positive impact on exporter's GDP It can be understood that when the economy size increases, the export ability will also increase, because then the exporting country has conditions to invest in developing science and technology, new varieties to improve their capacity productivity and quality to increase export capacity Hypothesis 2: Inflation has a positive effect on Vietnam's rice exports Inflation will have a certain impact on the economy in general and commodity import and export activities in particular In fact, when inflation increases, the price of domestic goods will rise, reducing the competitiveness of domestic enterprises with foreign enterprises, thereby affecting the export of goods From the perspective of studying the impact of inflation on agricultural exports of Vietnam, the hypothesis is that inflation is positively correlated with agricultural exports Because rising inflation will cause export prices to rise, exporters tend to export more Hypothesis 3: Vietnam's rice land area has a positive impact on Vietnam's rice export Rice area is the land area used for rice production activities of a country, rice land area plays an important role for agricultural activities of a country in general and importing country in particular Therefore, large or small agricultural land area not only determines the size of domestic production but also affects the import and export strategy of agricultural products in that country In general, when it comes to exporting countries, the agricultural land area will have a positive impact on the export turnover of agricultural products because the production scale is expanded, the production of goods is large, making the supply of exports increased and demand for imported agricultural products decreased Hypothesis 4: Domestic rice production has a positive impact on rice export 12 Domestic rice production plays an important role in consumption as well as export plans and the further development directions need to be adjusted to achieve the planned targets As domestic rice production increases, the consumption and export figures will increase as the supply of rice increases and the price of rice decreases, leading to an increase in the demand for imported rice from abroad SECTION II MODEL SPECIFICATION I Population regression model lnExp = β1+ β2*lnDomes +β3*lnGDP + β4*lnLand + β5*Inflation+u This regression model investigates in the dependence of Rice-exported value on Domestic rice production, GDP, Land area planted and Inflation in Vietnam Explanation: lnExp: Natural logarithm of Rice-exported value in Vietnam lnDomes: Natural logarithm of Domestic rice production in Vietnam lnGDP: Natural logarithm of GDP in Vietnam lnLand: Natural logarithm of Land area planted in Vietnam Inflation: Inflation of Vietnam (%) u: Disturbance of the regression model β1: Intercept of the regression model β2 β3 β4 β5: The slope coefficient of the independent variables In this model, ‘ Y ’ is the natural logarithm of Export value of rice , β is a constant, x1 is a independent variable that denotes natural logarithm of Domestic rice production in Vietnam , x2 is Natural logarithm of GDP in Vietnam, x is the Natural logarithm of Land area planted in Vietnam, x4 is the Inflation of Vietnam II Sample regression model lnExp = β̂1 + β̂2 *lnDomes + β̂3*lnGDP + β̂4*lnLand + β̂5*Inflation + ̂ 13 Explanation: ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ β, β,β ,β ,β : The relative estimators of β1 β2 β3 β4 β5 12345 III Variables Export Explanation of variables in the model Acronym Measurement Source Rice-exprorted value of Exp Value Vietnam Food Vietnam (unit: million Dependent variable Quantitative Association of USD) Domestic rice Domes production Domestic rice production of General Statistics Vietnam Office of (unit: million Vietnam Independent Quantitative variable of tons) Gross Domestic GDP GDP Product of Independent Quantitative variable World Bank Vietnam (unit: billion of USD) Land area planted Inflation Land Inflation Land area planted of General Statistics Vietnam Office of (unit: thousand of hectares) Vietnam Inflation rate General Statistics of Vietnam Office of Vietnam (unit: %) 14 Independent Quantitative variable Independent Quantitative variable IV Expectation in influence of independent variables on dependent variable Sign Meaning Logarization Sign of expectation Exp Rice-exported value of Vietnam (Unit: million of USD) ✓ Domes Domestic rice production of Vietnam (Unit: million of tons) ✓ + GDP Gross Domestic Product of Vietnam (Unit: billion of USD) ✓ + Land Land area planted of Vietnam (Unit: Thousand of hectares) ✓ + Inflation Inflation in Vietnam (Unit: %) + The coefficient β2 is expected to be positive as the total Domestic rice production increasing will affect positively to Exported value of rice, and β would be anticipated to be positive as the higher the GDP is, the much more value rice is exported It is to be expected that β would be positive as more land area is planted, more rice can be produced; β5 can be expected to be positive because we expected that high inflation rate will cause government to export more to exchange for foreign currency The error term ‘u’ is expected to be a random variable with constant variance across observations However, this may or may not be true V Statistically Data Description Descriptive statistics 15 Variable name Storage type Display format Value label Variable label Exportvalue Double %10.0g Export value Domesticriceproduction Double %10.0g Domestic rice production GDP Double %10.0g GDP Landareaplanted Double %10.0g Land area planted Inflation Double %14.2fc Inflation Data description To get statistic indicators of the variables in Stata, we run sum command by running sum command expressed as “sum Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation” Variables Observations Mean Standard deviation Min Max Export 29 7.027 0.8377276 5.437 8.166 lnDomes 29 3.501 0.2623562 2.956 3.809 lnGDP 29 3.944 1.061792 1.867 5.484 lnLand 29 8.893 0.07055898 8.707 8.975 inflation 29 11.26 16.49559 -1.60 67.50 The data, originally collected through the Internet The Domestic rice production, Land area planted and Inflation of Vietnam are all collected from the online website of General Statistics Office of Vietnam, while the GDP is gathered from World Bank’s website and finally the Export value of rice from Vietnam Food Association’s web To check correlation among variables, we run corr command expressed as “corr Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation” 16 Export value GDP Inflation Land area planted Export value 1.0000000 GDP 0.9495294 1.0000000 Inflation -0.4495129 -0.4950314 1.0000000 Land area planted 0.8008437 0.8461199 -0.7184722 1.0000000 0.9188232 0.9681394 -0.5835568 0.9305968 Domestic rice production The correlation coefficient between Export value and GDP is: 0.9495294, positive Therefore, GDP has impact in the same direction on Export value The correlation coefficient between Export value and Inflation is: -0.4495129, negative Therefore, Inflation has impact in the opposite direction on Export value The correlation coefficient between Export value and Land area planted is: 0.8008437, positive Therefore, Land area planted has impact in the same direction on Export value The correlation coefficient between Export value and Domestic rice production is: 0.9188232, positive Therefore, Domestic rice production has impact in the same direction on Export value SECTION III ESTIMATED MODEL AND STATISTICAL INFERENCES I Estimated model Use reg command in stata: reg Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation” 17 Exportvalue Coefficients Standard Errors t Pvalue 95% confidence interval Domesticrice 0.0030953 1.493557 0.00 0.998 -3.079455 3.085646 GDP 0.741993 0.2508035 2.96 0.007 0.22436 1.259626 Landareaplanted 0.3960277 3.003065 0.13 0.896 -5.801994 6.594049 Inflation 0.0020604 0.0049415 0.42 0.68 -0.0081384 0.0122593 _cons 0.54433407 23.28124 0.02 0.982 -47.50577 48.59446 production Number of obs = 29 R-squared = 0.9024 Adj R-squared = 0.8861 − Sample regression model lnExp = 0.544341 + 0.003095 *lnDomes + 0.741993*lnGDP + 0.396028*lnLand + 0.002060*Inflation + ̂ − The coefficient of determination r = 0.9024 The estimated model explains 90.24% of the total variation in the value of Export value in this sample − Economic significance of regression coefficients: β2 = 0.003095: other determinants are held constant When Domestic rice production increases by million of tons, Export value increases by 0.003095 million USD β3 = 0.741993 : other determinants are held constant When GDP increases by billion USD, Export value increases by 0.741993 million USD β4 = 0.396028 : other determinants are held constant When Land are planted increases by thousand hectares, Export value increases by 0.396028 million USD β5 = 0.002060 : other determinants are held constant When Inflation increases by 1%, Export value increases by 0.002060 million USD 18 II Hypothesis testing Testing hypotheses of coefficients Test each coefficient to know whether it is meaningful to the model, in other words, we test the significance of each independent variable on the dependent one Test for overall significance of β2: { 0: 2=0 1: 2≠0 Prob (β2) = 0.998 > 0.05, we cannot reject H0 at level of significance α = 5% Therefore, β2 is not statistically significant at 5% Test for overall significance of β3: { 0: 3=0 1: 3≠0 Prob (β3) = 0.007 < 0.05, we reject H0 at level of significance α = 5% Therefore, β3 is statistically significant at 5% Test for overall significance of β4: { 0: 4=0 1: 4≠0 Prob (β4) = 0.896 > 0.05, we cannot reject H0 at level of significance α = 5% Therefore, β4 is not statistically significant at 5% Test for overall significance of β5: { 0: 5=0 1: 5≠0 Prob (β5) = 0.680 > 0.05, we cannot reject H0 at level of significance α = 5% Therefore, β5 is not statistically significant at 5% 19 In conclusion, Land planted area has significant impact on Export value; Domestic rice production, GDP and Inflation not have significant impact on Export value Testing the fit of regression model n = 29, k =4, α=5% { 0: 1: =0 >0 p-value = 8.888e-12 = 5.461*10−5< 5% Therefore, H0 is rejected or the model is statiscally fitted III Recommendations From the real Vietnam rice export process and the results gained from the model, we suggest a model for exporting rice in Vietnam as below: Firstly, concentrating on increase domestic GDP and boosting economic growth for exporting process in general Gross domestic product shows the economic strength; the larger the scale of GDP is, the stronger the economy grows Therefore, it is necessary to focus on increasing GDP through those solutions: continuing implementing macroeconomics growth rate targets consistently, controlling inflation, achieving the higher growth rate than the previous year and operating actively, flexibly monetary policy instruments, combining strictly, synchronizing with fiscal policy Besides, eliminating difficulties in manufacturing business is an vital issue to be considered Consequently, our nation will have a healthy business environment which attracts many foreign investors and motivates producing domestic goods and services Secondly, Vietnam’s rice export industry need to concern more about improving the rice quality in order to meet the requirements of bigger markets The gap of economic growth level has a strong impact on the turnover rice export of Vietnam As the result, those markets that have the average GDP per capita higher tend to import lower rice quantity Because of the fact that they demand higher quality and better breeds with less hybridization as well as the strict quantity of chemical fertilizer standards Particularly, rice export products which enter these markets 20 have to acquire advanced and even quality in the view of eliminating trade barriers and get into the hands of the consumers Thirdly, if producers want to meet vary market demands, it is unevitable to widen the land and productivity of rice The rice land has a positive influence on the exportability of Vietnam Nowadays urbanlization and modernization have generated strongly which limit the rice land In addition, due to the ineffective rice land, farmers have cultivated other ranges of breed Before long, in order to improve the quality and the quantity of rice export and achieve benefits, it needs to concerned about the land rice regional plan which will be focused on producing in large scales as well as decreased the small land farming Finally, inflation has to be controlled in a sustainable rate Ceteris paribus, inflation combines to influence a country's exchange rate Devaluation causes higher export cost and increases export turnover But if inflation rate is too high, it will affect investment badly as well as the state budget In the other hand, the influence of inflation on the turnover is quite low so our country need to control it 21 CONCLUSION Those above research results show us a thoroughly and adequate look about factors that have impact on Vietnam’s rice export value GDP has the strongest influence, then inflation and the final is crop land Further studies are necessary, preferably with a more recent data set, to make conclusive inferences about the impact of other variables on Vietnam’s rice export avlue, and on whether results can change significantly depending on the origins of the sample By analysing statistics, run the model and test the hypotheses, we have particular comments about the influence of each variable, their meanings with the independent variables As the result, it helps us to suggest opinions for improving rice export value as given situations We want to thank Ms Nguyen Thuy Quynh who helps us a lot by giving wellexplained econometrics lessons as well as useful instructions On the working process, though we have tried our best on our first research report but there are some unevitable mistakes We would be very glad if you can comment for a view to improving our essay Sincerely, Group 22 REFERENCES 1, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8b1c/10599e906f5d54cb0b08a5a1174feed49728.p df 2, https://waset.org/publications/9999183/economic-factors-affecting-rice-export-ofthailand3, http://sareb-journal.org/public/journals/1/ConferenceProceeding/UHD-CTU2017CONF-PROC48-70.pdf Trang: 768-778 4, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-015-0279-y 23 APPENDIX use "D:\Report Econometrics\report.dta" des Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation storage display value label variable name type format Exportvalue double %10.0g variable label Export value Domesticricep~n double %10.0g Domestic rice production GDP double %10.0g GDP Landareaplanted double %10.0g Land area planted Inflation double %14.2fc Inflation sum Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation Variable Obs Mean Std Dev Min Max Exportvalue 29 7.026855 8377276 5.43747 8.166015 Domesticri~n GDP Landareapl~d Inflation 29 29 29 29 3.501041 3.944193 8.893081 11.2631 262363 1.061792 070559 16.49559 2.956212 1.867485 8.706623 -1.6 3.808683 5.48388 8.974934 67.5 corr Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation (obs=29) Export~e Domest~n Exportvalue 1.0000 Domesticri~n GDP Landareapl~d Inflation 0.9188 0.9495 0.8008 -0.4495 1.0000 0.9681 0.9306 -0.5836 GDP Landar~d Inflat~n 1.0000 0.8461 -0.4950 1.0000 -0.7185 1.0000 reg Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation Source SS df MS Model Residual 17.7312847 1.91876828 24 4.43282116 079948678 Total 19.6500529 28 701787605 Exportvalue Domesticriceproduction GDP Landareaplanted Inflation _cons Coef Std Err Number of obs F(4, 24) Prob > F R-squared Adj R-squared Root MSE t P>|t| = = = = = = 29 55.45 0.0000 0.9024 0.8861 28275 [95% Conf Interval] 0030953 1.493557 0.00 0.998 -3.079455 3.085646 741993 3960277 0020604 5443407 2508035 3.003065 0049415 23.28124 2.96 0.13 0.42 0.02 0.007 0.896 0.680 0.982 22436 -5.801994 -.0081384 -47.50577 1.259626 6.594049 0122593 48.59446 24 Year Export value Land area planted Domestic rice production GDP Inflati on 1990 5,618188 8,706623 2,95621 1,867 67,40 1991 5,437470 8,748749 2,97660 2,263 67,50 1992 6,004208 8,775750 3,07223 2,289 17,50 1993 5,816069 8,788654 3,12834 2,579 5,20 1994 6,042300 8,794613 3,15819 2,790 14,40 1995 6,289419 8,819606 3,21739 3,032 12,70 1996 6,766675 8,854208 3,29309 3,205 4,50 1997 6,792726 8,867808 3,31502 3,290 3,60 1998 6,913220 8,904182 3,37228 3,304 9,20 1999 6,916675 8,942931 3,44658 3,363 0,10 2000 6,422955 8,944589 3,47596 3,440 -1,60 2001 6,299151 8,921684 3,46911 3,487 -0,40 2002 6,410372 8,923231 3,53942 3,557 3,90 2003 6,541794 8,916265 3,54293 3,678 3,10 2004 6,755978 8,915338 3,58765 3,816 9,50 2005 7,154045 8,908181 3,57887 4,054 8,30 2006 7,085592 8,899021 3,57933 4,195 7,50 2007 7,199028 8,882864 3,58193 4,349 8,30 2008 7,887374 8,909262 3,65823 4,596 19,90 2009 7,809663 8,914250 3,66233 4,664 6,30 2010 7,976472 8,921244 3,68889 4,753 11,75 2011 8,166015 8,943167 3,74710 4,909 18,60 2012 8,146002 8,956892 3,77821 5,049 6,81 2013 7,970219 8,974934 3,78508 5,143 6,04 2014 7,933618 8,963954 3,80610 5,227 4,09 2015 7,893385 8,965462 3,80868 5,264 0,63 2016 7,663126 8,953782 3,76503 5,324 4,74 25 2017 7,839683 8,950105 3,75568 5,411 3,53 2018 8,027366 8,932001 3,78372 5,484 3,54 26 ... explores the factors influencing Vietnam’s rice export in the period 1990- 2018 According to hypothesis raised in the chapter, results have revealed that the main impacts on Vietnam rice export. .. agricultural exports, especially rice Recognizing the importance and complexity of the problem, we chose the topic " The factors affecting Vietnam’s rice export in the period 1990- 2018" to clarify the influencing... influencing factors, thereby proposing a number of appropriate solutions to boost Vietnam's rice exports in the near future Researching the factors affecting the export of rice in Vietnam, thereby