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E_English Grammar Course E_English Grammar Course Unit 7 The Simple Sentence 1. Clause Patterns 2. Sentence Elements and their Meanings 3. Concord 4. Negation 5. Questions, Commands, Exclamations Issues Issues Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/1 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional Clause types Clause types Clause types transformed Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/2 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional Clause types Clause types S, V, O, C, A They appointed him head of office last week. S V O C A Clause types transformed Clause types transformed Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/3 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional Clause types Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed Obligatory clause patterns are those which are required for the complementation of the verb. Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/4 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional Clause types Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed I put the book on the table (SVOA) vs. I put the book. He resembled his father (SVO) vs. He resembled. (Sometimes) she sings (beautifully). He is eating (the cake). Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/5 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional 7 Clause types 7 Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed 1. SVA Mary is in the house. 2. SVC Mary is kind. 3. SVO Somebody caught the ball. 4. SVOA I put the vase on the table. 5. SVOC She has proved it wrong. 6. SVOO Mom buys me a new bike. 7. SV The lady smiled. Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/6 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional 7 Clause types 7 Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed Passive transformation SV, SVC, SVA equivalents Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/7 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional 7 Clause types 7 Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed Passive transformation Many critics disliked the play (SVOd) The play was disliked by many critics. (S + Vpass + [A]) Clause Types Clause Types 1 1/8 Clause types Clause types Clause Elements Clause Elements Obligatory vs. Optional Obligatory vs. Optional 7 Clause types 7 Clause types Clause types transformed Clause types transformed Passive transformation Mom considered him a genius. (SVOO) He was considered a genius (by Mom). (SVC [A]) [...]... idea of plural rather than the actual singular form of the noun None 3/8 3 Concords Notional Concord Nominal clause Collective noun What he says isn’t true (= The thing he says isn’t true) None What they like best are tea and coffee ( The things they like…) 3/9 3 Concords Notional Concord Nominal clause Collective noun The cabinet are having None a rest (All members of the cabinet…) The cabinet has... 3/2 3 Concords Grammatical Concord Subject - Verb Subject - Complement Subject - Object Pronoun 3/3 3 Concords Grammatical Concord Subject - Verb Subject SUBJECT sing/plur  VERB sing/plur - Complement This dish is dirty/ These dishes are dirty Subject - Object SUBJECT (clause)  VERB sing What they are doing now is my concern Pronoun 3/4 3 Concords Grammatical Concord Subject - Verb Subject - Complement... Semantic Roles of the Subject agentive locative instrumental temporal affected eventive recipient She has a new shirt IT 2/7 2 Sentence elements and their meanings Semantic Roles of the Subject agentive This room accommodates 20 people locative instrumental temporal affected eventive recipient IT 2/8 2 Sentence elements and their meanings Semantic Roles of the Subject agentive Tomorrow is my birthday . Subject agentive recipient affected instrumental locative temporal eventive IT This room accommodates 20 people.