2019 codieu pros tuvung BG cautaotu4 CacPhuongThucKhac(EV3004)

Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cơ Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu CẤU TẠO TỪ – CÁC PHƯƠNG THỨC KHÁC (EV3004) ID: 64581 LINK XEM LỜI GIẢI http://moon.vn/FileID/64581 I NGUỒN GỐC CỦA TỪ (WORDS’ ORIGINS)  From people and places  From other languages From people: - biro: [bút bi] named after Laszlo Biro, its Hungarian inventor - mentor: [cố vấn thông thái] from Mentor, friend to Odysseus - chauvinist: [chủ nghĩa dân tộc cực đoan] after the Frenchman, Nicolas Chauvin, who was fanatically devoted to Napoleon - hooligan: [du côn, lưu manh] from the Irish family name, Hooligan - saxophone: [kèn sắc-xô-phôn] invented by the Belgian, Adolphe Sax - tawdry: [loè loẹt, rẻ tiền] from St Audrey, at whose annual fair in the town of Ely, near Cambridge, cheap gaudy scarves were sold - watt: [đơn vị đo công suất điện] from the 18th century Scottish inventor, James Watt From places: - bedlam: [cảnh hỗn loạn] from the name of a famous London mental hospital once situated where Liverpool Street Station now stands - spartan: [khổ hạnh] from the ancient Greek city of Sparta, famed for its austerity - canter: [bước thong thả ngựa] a shortening of Canterbury, a town in south-east England - gypsy: [người gypsy] These people were once thought to have come from Egypt, hence the name - From other languages: From Japanese, tycoon, karate, origami, judo, futon and bonsai From Arabic, mattress, cipher, alcove, carafe, algebra, harem, mufti and yashmak From Turkish, yoghurt, jackal, kiosk, bosh [nonsense (colloquial)], tulip and caftan; From Farsi, caravan, shawl, taffeta, bazaar and sherbet From Eskimo, kayak, igloo and anorak From French, fiancé, fiancée II TỪ TƯỢNG THANH (ONOMATOPOEIA)  Onomatopoeic words are those which seem to sound like their meaning  The most obvious examples are verbs relating to the noises which animals make Examples: - cows: moo - cats: mew or meow Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cô Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu gr- at the beginning of a word can suggest something unpleasant or miserable (không vui/ khổ sở)  groan [make a deep sound forced out by pain or despair] (rên rỉ)  grumble [complain in a bad- tempered way] (càu nhàu)  grunt [make a low, rough sound like pigs do, or people expressing disagreement or boredom] (ủn ỉn/ càu nhàu)  growl [make a low, threatening sound] (gầm gừ) cl- at the beginning of a word can suggest something sharp and/ or metallic  click (lách cách)  clang (lanh lảnh – tiếng chuông)  clank [make a dull metallic noise, not as loud as a clang] (lách cách)  clash [make a loud, broken, confused noise of metal objects striking together] (loảng xoảng)  clink [make the sound of small bits of metal or glass knocking together] (leng keng)  horses go clip-clop (lộc cộc) on the road ash- at the end of a word can suggest something fast and violent  smash [break violently into small pieces] (loảng xoảng)  dash [move or be moved violently] (chạy vào/ vỗ mạnh)  crash [strike suddenly violently and noisily] (vỡ loảng xoảng)  bash [strike heavily so as to break or injure] (đạp mạnh, làm vỡ, bị thương)  gash [a long deep cut or wound] (vếch rạch dài sâu) wh- at the beginning of a word often suggests the movement of air  whistle [a high pitched noise made by forcing air or steam through a small opening] (huýt sáo)  whirr [sound like a bird’s wings moving rapidly] (kêu vù vù, vo vo)  whizz [make the sound of something rushing through air] (rít, vèo)  wheeze [breathe noisily especially with a whistling sound in the chest] (thở khò khè)  whip [one of these or to hit with one of these] (kêu vun vút) _ckle, _ggle, or _zzle at the end of a word => light and repeated things  trickle [to flow in a thin stream] (róc rách)  crackle [make a series of short cracking sounds] (nổ lép bép)  tinkle [make a succession of light ringing sounds] (kêu leng keng)  giggle [laugh lightly in a nervous or silly way] (cười khúc khích)  wriggle [move with quick short twistings] (bò, vặn vẹo) Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cơ Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu  sizzle [make a hissing sound like something cooking in fat] (kêu xèo xèo)  drizzle [small, fine rain] (mưa lất phất) III TỪ ĐỒNG ÂM KHÁC NGHĨA (HOMONYMS)  Homonyms: homographs and homophones  Homographs are words which are written in the same way but have different meanings e.g: bow in: “He took a bow /baʊ / at the end of the concert.” “He was wearing a bow /bəʊ / tie.”  Homophones are words which are pronounced in the same way but are spelt differently e.g: bow as in “He took a bow.” AND bough, “the bough of a tree” Homograph: I live in the north of England /liv/ Your favorite pop star is singing live on TV tonight /laiv/ I read in bed each night /ri:d/ I read War and Peace last year /red/ The lead singer in the group is great /li:d/ Lead pipes are dangerous /led/ The wind blew the tree down /wind/ Don’t forget to wind your watch /waind/ (lên dây đồng hồ) -> wound I wound my watch last night /waʊ nd / He suffered a terrible wound in the war /wu:nd/ This book is called English Vocabulary in Use /ju:s/ You must know how to use words as well as their meaning /ju:z/ They lived in a large old house /haʊ s/ The buildings house a library and two concert halls as well as a theatre /haʊ z/ - I bathed the baby this morning /bɑ ːθt/ We bathed in the sea every day when we were on holiday /beɪ ðd/ Homophone: - Pray vs prey - Right vs write - Tire vs tyre - Weather vs whether - Aloud vs allowed - Flu vs flew - Our vs hour - Sale vs sail - Scene vs seen - Know vs no - Wait vs weight - Through vs threw V TỪ PHA TRỘN (BLENDING)  Process of blending involves joining two words together by taking parts of both words and combining the parts into a new whole  The result of this process known as blend Example: - Breakfast + lunch = BRUNCH Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cô Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu - Motor + hotel = MOTEL - Smoke + fog = SMOG - Urine + analysis = URINALYSIS VI TỪ RÚT GỌN (CLIPPING)  Process of clipping involves cutting off the beginning or the end of a word, or both, leaving a part to stand as a whole  The result of this process called clipped words Example: - Professor => PROF - Influenza => FLU - Mathematics => MATHS - Laboratory => LAB - Cafeteria => CAFÉ VII HÌNH THỨC VIẾT TẮT CỦA TỪ (ACRONYM)  Acronym is the process whereby a word is formed from the initial segments of words, or by combining initial letters or parts of series of words, that are pronounced as the spelling indicates  The result of this process known as acronym Example: - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization => UNESCO - United Nations International Children Emergency Fund => UNICEF - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome => AIDS Chương trình Pro SAT 2019 Moon.vn : http://www.moon.vn/khoahoc/ProSAT2019 Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định ... UNICEF - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome => AIDS Chương trình Pro SAT 2019 Moon.vn : http://www.moon.vn/khoahoc/ProSAT2019 Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp toàn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để