Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cơ Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu CẤU TẠO TỪ – TỪ GHÉP (EV3003) ID: 64580 LINK XEM LỜI GIẢI http://moon.vn/FileID/64580 BÀI 3: TỪ GHÉP (COMPOUNDINGS) (ID: EV3003) Compound Adjectives (Tính từ kép) = Adj + V_ing/ V_ed A compound adjective is an adjective which is made up of two parts and is usually written with a hyphen E.g: - well-dressed (ăn mặc đẹp) - never-ending (vô tận) - shocking-pink (màu hồng tươi) Its meaning is usually clear from the words it combines The second part of the compound adjective is frequently a present or past participle (Phân từ phân từ QK) a A large number of compound adjectives describe personal appearance (mơ tả hình dáng người) Words Meaning Words Meaning Curly-haired Tóc xoăn Slim-hipped Hơng mảnh Sun-tanned Rám nắng Long-legged Chân dài Blue-eyed Mắt xanh Flat-footed Bàn chân bẹt Rosy-cheeked Má hồng Broad-shouldered Vai rộng Thin-lipped Môi mỏng Left-handed Thuận tay trái b Another set of compound adjectives describes a person’s character Words Meaning absent-minded [forgetful] easy-going [relaxed] Đãng trí good-tempered [cheerful] Words Meaning big-headed [proud of herself] Two-faced [hypocritical] Tự cao tự đại Thuần tính, hậu self-centred [egotistical] Tự cho trung tâm warm-hearted [kind] Ấm ấp stuck-up [snobbish] Vênh váo quick-witted [intelligent] Nhanh nhạy light-hearted Vô tư lự, thư thái Dễ gần, dễ tính Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG Hai mặt, giả dối MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cô Phan Điệu www.facebook.com/cophandieu c Another special group of compound adjectives are those where the second part is a preposition Some of these adjectives are listed below with a typical noun Words an all-out [total] strike Meaning Words cơng tồn diện cast-off clothes [no longer wanted by the owner] worn-out shoes [can’t be worn anymore; of people – exhausted] a drive-in movie [you watch from your car] well-off bankers [wealthy] a run-down area [in poor condition] a burnt-out car xe bị [nothing left in it after cháy rụi a fire] a broken-down bus xe buýt [it won’t work] hỏng a built-up area [lots of buildings in it] a hard-up student [poor] khu cao ốc học sinh hồn cảnh khó khăn Meaning quần ảo bỏ đơi giày mòn bãi chiếu bóng phục vụ khách ngồi ô tô ngân hàng thịnh vượng khu vực đổ nát Compound Nouns (Danh từ kép) = N + N A compound noun is a fixed expression which is made up of more than one word and functions as a noun Such expressions are frequently combinations of two nouns, e.g address book, human being, science fiction a Compound nouns may be written as two words, (e.g tin opener, bank account), or they may be written with a hyphen instead of a space between the words, (e.g pen-name, baby-sitter) Some expressions are occasionally written with a hyphen and occasionally as two separate words For instance, both letter box and letter-box are correct Sometimes they may be written as one word, (e.g earring) b Compound nouns may be countable, uncountable or only used in either the singular or the plural Examples of common countable compound nouns: Word Meaning Word Meaning Alarm clock Burglar alarm Heart attack Tea-bag Đồng hồ báo thức Báo động chống trộm Đau tim Túi trà Package holiday Credit card Pedestrian crossing Windscreen Kỳ nghỉ trọn gói Thẻ tín dụng Vạch qua đường Kính chắn gió Examples of common uncountable compound nouns: Word Air-traffic control Data-processing Income tax Birth control Meaning Word Meaning Kiểm sốt khơng lưu Family planning Kế hoạch hóa gia đình Xử lí liệu Thuế thu nhập Kiểm soát sinh đẻ Junk food Blood pressure Cotton wool Đồ ăn vặt Huyết áp Bông mộc, xơ Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cô Phan Điệu Examples of common countable compound nouns used only in singular: Word Arms race Generation gap Mother-tongue Greenhouse effect www.facebook.com/cophandieu Meaning Word Meaning Cuộc đua vũ trang Brain drain Chảy máu chất xám Khoảng cách hệ Tiếng mẹ đẻ Hiệu ứng nhà kính Death penalty Labor force Sound barrier Án tử hình Lực lượng lao động Hàng rào âm Examples of common countable compound nouns used only in plural: Word Grass roots Luxury goods Human rights Kitchen scissors Meaning Word Meaning rễ cỏ Race relations Quan hệ chủng tộc Hàng hóa cao cấp Quyền người Kéo nhà bếp Roadworks Sunglasses Traffic lights Cơng trường thi cơng Kính râm Đèn giao thông Compound Nouns (Danh từ kép) = V + Prep Some compound nouns are based on phrasal verbs a Nouns based on phrasal verbs often have an informal feel to them and they are particularly common in newspaper reporting Here are examples of such nouns in use - In response to the pay offer, there was a walk-out at the factory [strikel - There is going to be a crack-down on public spending [action against] - There has been a break-out from the local prison [escape] - Last month saw a tremendous shake-up in personnel [change] - I never expected the break-up of the USSR [collapse] b A number of these nouns have economic associations - The takeover of one of our leading hotel chains has just been announced [purchase by another company] - We’re trying to find some new outlets for our products [places to sell] - Take your things to the check-out to pay for them [cash-desk] - Cutbacks will be essential until the recession is over [reductions] - We made a profit of £1000 on a turnover of £10,000 [money passing through a company] c Some of these nouns are associated with technology and other aspects of contemporary life - What the computer produces depends on the quality of the input (information that is put in) - Output has increased thanks to new technology [production] - We have a rather rapid staff turnover [change] - Just after leaving school he went through the stage of being a dropout [person who rejects society] - It will be a long time before the consequences of fallout from Chernobyl are no longer felt [radioactive dust in the atmosphere] - I can easily get you a printout of the latest figures [paper on which computer information has been printed - A breakthrough has been made in AIDS research [important discovery] - d Some of the words can be used in more general circumstances Many of the problems were caused by a breakdown in communications [failure] The outlook for tomorrow is good - sunny in most places [prospect] There are drawbacks as well as advantages to every situation [negative aspects] Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định Khóa học Pro SAT TIẾNG ANH – Cô Phan Điệu - www.facebook.com/cophandieu The outcome of the situation was not very satisfactory [conclusion] TV companies always welcome feedback from viewers [comments] It was clear from the outset that the set-up would cause problems [start; situation] We parked in a lay-by on the by-pass [parking space at the side of a road; road avoiding the centre of a town] The outbreak of war surprised them [start of something unpleasant, e.g disease, violence] Chương trình Pro SAT 2019 Moon.vn : http://www.moon.vn/khoahoc/ProSAT2019 Pro S.A.T – Giải pháp tồn diện cho kì thi THPTQG MOON.VN – Học để khẳng định