Chapter 5a Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
ADHD Phenomenology
Neuropsychology of pediatric ADHD across development
Neuropsychological characterization of ADHD
Neuropsychological profiles of preschool children with ADHD
Neuropsychological profiles of school-age children with ADHD
Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with ADHD
Potential moderators of group differences in neuropsychological functioning
Stability of neuropsychological functions across development
Neuropsychological stability relative to symptom stability
Diagnostic utility of neuropsychological measures
Etiological mechanisms in ADHD
Neuroimaging in pediatric ADHD
Structural magnetic resonance imaging
Cerebral cortex
Basal Ganglia
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Developing vs. mature neural systems
Evidence-based interventions
Cognitive remediation strategies for children with ADHD
Remediation of attentional functioning
Remediation of working memory
Enhancement of executive function development
Summary and future directions
ADHD phenomonology
ADHD phenomonology
Neuropsychological profiles
Etiological mechanisms
Structural and functional neuroimaging
Psychosocial and psychopharmacological intervention
References
Chapter 5b Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Introduction
Epidemiology of ADHD in adults
Neuropsychological functioning
Cognitive functioning
Core symptoms: attention and impulsivity
Inattention
Response inhibition
Memory
Verbal memory
Visual memory
Additional executive functions
Daily functioning
Neuropsychological measurement of adult ADHD
Conclusion
Neuroimaging in ADHD
Treatment for adults with ADHD
Pharmacological treatments
Psychotherapy and psychoeducation
Coping strategies/environmental modification
Conclusion
Final thoughts
Key chapter points
References
Chapter 5c Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a lifespan synthesis
Introduction
Theoretical conceptualizations of ADHD
Sources of phenotypic variability across the lifespan
Developmental heterogeneity of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities
Neuropsychological heterogeneity
Current treatments and new directions
Summary, conclusions and directions for future endeavors
References
Chapter 6a Learning disorders in children and adolescents
Introduction
Specific learning disorders in childhood
Reading disorder
Prevalence
Epidemiology of reading disorder
Differential diagnosis
Specific deficits with reading disorders
Neuroanatomical features of reading disabilities
Interventions for reading disorders
Mathematics disorder
Epidemiology of mathematics disorder
Subtypes of mathematics disorder
Neuroanatomical features of mathematics disorders
Interventions for mathematics disorder
Disorder of written expression
Development of written language
Written language disorder subtypes
Neuroanatomical features of written language disorders
Interventions for written expression
Role of neuropsychological assessment in learning disorders
Psychosocial correlates of learning disorders
Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter 6b Learning disorders in adults
Chapter 6c Synthesis of chapters on learning disabilities: overview and additional perspectives
Chapter 7a Infants and children with spina bifida
Introduction
Spina bifida myelomeningocele
Model of neurocognitive function in spina bifida
Cognitive functioning in infants and children with SB
Impact on academic skills in school-age children with SB
Psychosocial adaptation and behavior adjustment
Environmental influences
Socioeconomic status
Parenting
Clinical implications
Concluding comments: future research
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 7b Adolescence and emerging adulthood in individuals with spina bifida: a developmental neuropsychological perspective
Introduction
Models of adolescent and adult development
Empirical findings in adolescents and emerging adults with SBM
Medical factors
Cognition
Executive functions
Attention
Language
Visual-spatial abilities
Memory
Academic achievement
Motor functions
Psychosocial adaptation
Emotional adjustment
Family functioning
Peer social functioning
Sexuality
Functional adaptation
Clinical implications
Academic functioning
Executive function
Vocational training
Transition to adult care
Assistive technology
Protective factors
The role of the neuropsychologist and neuropsychological assessment
Concluding comments
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7c Spina bifida/myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus across the lifespan: a developmental synthesis
Chapter 8 Cerebral palsy across the lifespan
Chapter 9a Intellectual disability cross the lifespan
Introduction
Definitions of intellectual disability: history, components, and contemporary controversies
Components of the current AAIDD definition and current controversies
Areas of controversy
Intelligence
Adaptive behavior
Level of functioning
Etiologies of intellectual disability
Manifestations associated with preconceptual stage
Numerical chromosomal
Sex-linked single gene
Structural abnormality
Metabolic
Manifestations associated with intrauterine exposures
Manifestations associated with perinatal complications
Manifestations associated with childhood etiologies
Description and interventions for common difficulties
Psychopathology and problem behavior
Developmental junctures of importance and the role of neuropsychology
References
Chapter 9b Lifespan aspects of PDD/autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Introduction
Pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders
Cognitive manifestations of autism spectrum disorders
Psychosocial and behavioral manifestations of ASD
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
The role of assessment in diagnosing ASD
Interventions for individuals with ASD
Future research directions
References
Chapter 10a Hearing loss across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
Introduction
Hearing-loss characteristics
Degree
Frequency
Site
Time of onset
Identification and management
Epidemiology of hearing loss
Anatomy of the hearing system
Etiology of hearing loss
Hereditary deafness
Nonereditary causes
Neuropsychological correlates of hearing loss
General cognitive functioning
Attention and executive functioning
Language
Visuospatial cognition
Memory
Motor development
Social–emotional development
Assessment
Intervention
Future research directions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 10b Visual impairment across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
Introduction
Epidemiology and pathophysiology
Prevalence
Infancy and childhood
Adulthood
Cognitive and psychosocial sequelae in visual impairment
Childhood
Developmental issues
Motor development
Cognitive development in children
Object permanence
Conservation
Executive function in children and adolescents
Language and communication development
Early language development
Linguistics
Classification
Social communication
Perspective-taking and theory of mind
Autismike behaviors and VI
Academic functioning
Behavioral characteristics of visual impairment
Social and emotional development in childhood and adolescence
Adulthood
Cognitive development in adulthood
Executive functioning in adults
Psychological and social functioning in visually impaired adults
Neuropsychological assessment
Prevention and intervention
Future directions
References
Chapter 11a Traumatic brain injury in childhood
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Neurobehavioral and familial consequences of pediatric TBI
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Functional
Educational
Familial
Influences on outcome
Injury-related
Contextual
Developmental
Neuropsychological assessment
Neuropsychological evaluation
Historical data
Observational data
Psychological test data
Neuropsychological management
Prevention
Future research directions
References
Chapter 11b Adult outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Functional manifestations
Assessment of neurobehavioral outcomes and functional abilities
Cognitive assessment
Vocational assessment
Emotional, social and behavioral assessment
Interventions
Cognitive interventions
Emotional, social and behavioral interventions
Educational, vocational interventions
Novel, innovative intervention approaches
Future directions
References
Chapter 11c Neurobehavioral aspects of traumatic brain injury sustained in adulthood
Introduction
Classification of injury severity
Effects of TBI on the brain
Cognitive effects of TBI
Neurobehavioral effects of TBI
Disinhibition syndromes
Impairments in initiation
Impairments of self-awareness
Neuropsychiatric disorders
Psychosocial effects of TBI
Neuropsychological assessment following adult TBI
Interventions for TBI
Future directions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11d Traumatic brain injury in older adults
Chapter 12a Pediatric aspects of epilepsy
Introduction
Classification of seizures
Epidemiology
Neuropsychological findings in pediatric patients with epilepsy
Overall cognitive functioning
Academic achievement
Linguistic processing
Visuospatial processing
Processing speed
Everyday memory
Verbal learning and memory
Nonverbal learning and memory
Attention
Executive functioning
Psychological functioning and comorbidities
Treatment
Long-term outcomes
Summary
Future directions
Key points to remember
References
Chapter 12b A lifespan perspective of cognition in epilepsy
Introduction
Cognitive reserve
Early onset and cognitive status
Early onset and brain status
Cognitive progression in epilepsy
Aging and cognitive status
Summary and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13a Leukemia and lymphoma across the lifespan
Introduction
Pathophysiology of leukemia
Pathophysiology of lymphoma
Treatment factors
Mediators and moderators
Neurocognitive outcomes
Evaluation and management
Future directions
Summary
References
Chapter 13b Lifespan aspects of brain tumors
Introduction
Epidemiology
Classification of brain tumors
Signs and symptoms of brain tumors
Treatments for brain tumors
Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Neuropsychological and adaptive outcomes in children
Characteristic deficits
Attention
Working memory
Speed of information processing
Psychosocial and adaptive function
Role of neuropsychological assessment
Management and interventions
Adult brain tumors
Future research directions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 14 Lifespan aspects of endocrine disorders
Endocrine disorders across the lifespan
Thyroid disease
Parathyroid disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetes
Disorders of the adrenal gland
Hormones and aging
Conditions associated with neuroendocrine disorders
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner syndrome
Cancer
Summary and implications for assessment
References
Chapter 15 Metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders across the lifespan
Chapter 16b Psychopathological conditions in adults
Introduction
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Major depression
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16c Neuropsychological aspects of psychopathology across the lifespan: a synthesis