THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO LOCKE’S ‘‘ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING’’ First published in 1689, John Locke’s Essay concerning Human Understanding is widely recognized as among the greatest works in the history of Western philosophy The Essay puts forward a systematic empiricist theory of mind, detailing how all ideas and knowledge arise from sense experience Locke was trained in mechanical philosophy, and he crafted his account to be consistent with the best natural science of his day The Essay was highly influential, and its rendering of empiricism would become the standard for subsequent theorists The innovative ideas in this monumental work continue to speak to philosophers in the modern world This Companion volume includes fifteen new essays from leading scholars Covering the major themes of Locke’s work, they explain his views, while situating the ideas in the historical context of Locke’s day and often clarifying their relationship to ongoing work in philosophy Pitched to advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it is ideal for use in courses on early modern philosophy, British empiricism, and John Locke Lex Newman is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Utah Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 other volumes in the series of cambridge companions : ABELARD Edited by jeffrey e brower and kevin guilfoy ADORNO Edited by tom huhn AQUINAS Edited by norman kretzmann and eleonore stump HANNAH ARENDT Edited by dana villa ARISTOTLE Edited by jonathan barnes AUGUSTINE Edited by eleonore stump and norman kretzmann BACON Edited by markku peltonen SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR Edited by claudia card DARWIN Edited by jonathan hodge and gregory radick DESCARTES Edited by john cottingham DUNS SCOTUS Edited by thomas williams EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY Edited by a a long FEMINISM IN PHILOSOPHY Edited by miranda fricker and jennifer hornsby FOUCAULT Edited by gary gutting FREUD Edited by jerome neu GADAMER Edited by robert j dostal GALILEO Edited by peter machamer GERMAN IDEALISM Edited by karl ameriks GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHY Edited by david sedley HABERMAS Edited by stephen k white HEGEL Edited by frederick beiser HEIDEGGER Edited by charles guignon HOBBES Edited by tom sorell HUME Edited by david fate norton HUSSERL Edited by barry smith and david woodruff smith WILLIAM JAMES Edited by ruth anna putnam KANT Edited by paul guyer continued following the Index of Passages Cited Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to LOCKE’S ‘‘ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING’’ Edited by Lex Newman University of Utah Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Singapore, Sa˜o Paulo Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521834339 ' Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2007 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data The Cambridge companion to Locke’s essay concerning human understanding / edited by Lex Newman p cm – (Cambridge companions to philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index isbn 0-521-83433-3 (hardback) – isbn 0-521-54225-1 (pbk.) Locke, John, 1632–1704 Essay concerning human understanding Knowledge, Theory of I Newman, Lex, 1957– II Title III Series b1294.c36 2006 121–dc22 2006011712 isbn 978-0-521-83433-9 hardback isbn 978-0-521-54225-8 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Contents List of Contributors page ix Note on Texts and Citations Introduction lex newman xiii 1 The Intellectual Setting and Aims of the Essay g a j rogers Locke’s Polemic against Nativism samuel c rickless 33 The Taxonomy of Ideas in Locke’s Essay martha brandt bolton 67 Locke’s Distinctions between Primary and Secondary Qualities michael jacovides 101 Power in Locke’s Essay vere chappell 130 Locke on Substance edwin mccann 157 Locke on Ideas of Identity and Diversity gideon yaffe 192 Locke on Ideas and Representation thomas m lennon 231 Locke on Essences and Classification margaret atherton 258 vii Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 viii CONTENTS 10 Language, Meaning, and Mind in Locke’s Essay michael losonsky 286 11 Locke on Knowledge lex newman 313 12 Locke’s Ontology lisa downing 352 13 The Moral Epistemology of Locke’s Essay catherine wilson 381 14 Locke on Judgment david owen 406 15 Locke on Faith and Reason nicholas jolley 436 Bibliography 456 Index of Names and Subjects 473 Index of Passages Cited 479 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 List of Contributors margaret atherton is professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee She is the author of Berkeley’s Revolution in Vision (1990) and the editor of Women Philosophers in the Early Modern Period (1994) and The Empiricists (1999) She is currently working on a second book about Berkeley’s philosophy martha brandt bolton is professor of philosophy at Rutgers University She is the author of papers on a variety of figures and topics in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophy, including Locke’s theory of sensory perception and knowledge, his philosophy of language, and his views on substance and identity vere chappell is professor of philosophy at the University of Massachusetts In addition to editing The Cambridge Companion to Locke (1994) and a volume of writings by Hobbes and Bramhall on Liberty and Necessity (1999) for the Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy series, he is the author, with Willis Doney, of Twenty-Five Years of Descartes Scholarship (1987) and editor of the twelve-volume Essays on Early Modern Philosophers series (1992) He has also edited collections of recent articles on Descartes (1997) for Garland and on Locke (1998) for the Oxford Readings in Philosophy series lisa downing is professor of philosophy at Ohio State University Her publications include ‘‘The Status of Mechanism in Locke’s Essay’’ (Philosophical Review, 1998) and ‘‘Berkeley’s Natural Philosophy and Philosophy of Science’’ in The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley (2005) She is currently working on a book on empiricism and Newtonianism, among other projects michael jacovides is assistant professor of philosophy at Purdue University He is the author of several articles on Locke, including ‘‘Locke’s Resemblance Theses’’ (The Philosophical Review, 1999) ix Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS nicholas jolley is chair and professor of philosophy at the University of California, Irvine He is the author of Leibniz and Locke: A Study of the New Essays on Human Understanding (1984); The Light of the Soul: Theories of Ideas in Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes (1990); Locke: His Philosophical Thought (1999); and Leibniz (2005) thomas m lennon is professor of philosophy at the University of Western Ontario He is author of scores of books and articles on early modern philosophy, including The Battle of the Gods and Giants (1993) michael losonsky is professor of philosophy at Colorado State University He is author of Linguistic Turns in Modern Philosophy (2005) and Enlightenment and Action from Descartes to Kant: Passionate Thought (2001) and editor of Wilhelm von Humboldt’s On Language (1999) He is coauthor (with Heimir Geirsson) of Beginning Metaphysics (1998) and coeditor (with Geirsson) of Readings in Language and Mind (1996) edwin mccann is professor of philosophy in the School of Philosophy at the University of Southern California He has published a number of articles on early modern philosophy, emphasizing Locke lex newman is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Utah His numerous articles on Locke and Descartes have appeared in such journals as Nouˆs, the Philosophical Review, and Philosophy and Phenomenological Research david owen is associate professor of philosophy at the University of Arizona He has written several articles on Locke and Hume, and he is the author of Hume’s Reason (1999) samuel c rickless is associate professor of philosophy at the University of California, San Diego He is the author of articles on Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities and on Locke’s theory of free action He is at work on Locke’s theory of knowledge and Berkeley’s argument for idealism He also writes on topics in ancient philosophy and is the author of Plato’s Forms in Transition: A Reading of the Parmenides (2006) In respect of his project for this volume, he would like to thank Michael Hardimon, Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 458 BIBLIOGRAPHY Atherton, Margaret The Inessentiality of Lockean Essences Canadian Journal of Philosophy 14 (1984): 277–93 Atherton, Margaret Knowledge of Substance and Knowledge of Science in Locke’s Essay History of Philosophy Quarterly (1984): 413–27 Atherton, Margaret ‘Ideas in the Mind, Qualities in Bodies’: Some Distinctive Features of Locke’s Account of Primary and Secondary Qualities In Minds, Ideas, and Concepts: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy, ed Phillip D Cummins and Guenter Zoeller Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1992 Axtell, James L Locke’s Review of the Principia Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 20 (1965): 152–61 Ayers, Michael R Ideas of Power and Substance in Locke’s Philosophy In Locke on Human Understanding, ed I Tipton Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, pp 77–104 Ayers, Michael R Review of P H Nidditch, John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Philosophy 52 (1977): 227–30 Ayers, Michael R Locke versus Aristotle on Natural Kinds Journal of Philosophy 78 (1981): 247–71 Ayers, Michael R Mechanism, Superaddition, and the Proof of God’s Existence in Locke’s Essay Philosophical Review 90 (1981): 210–51 Ayers, Michael R Are Locke’s ‘Ideas’ Images, Intentional Objects or Natural Signs? Locke Newsletter 17 (1986): 3–36 Ayers, Michael R Locke: Epistemology and Ontology vols London: Routledge, 1991 Ayers, Michael R The Foundations of Knowledge and the Logic of Substance: The Structure of Locke’s General Philosophy In Locke’s Philosophy: Content and Context, ed G A J Rogers Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Ayers, Michael R Review Article: The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Chappell The Locke Newsletter 28 (1997): 157–88 Bacon, Francis The New Organon (1620), ed Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 Baeumker, Clemens Primaăre und Sekundaăre Qualitaăten: Ein Nachtrag Archiv fuăr Geschichte der Philosophie 22 (1909): 380 Barnes, Johathan Early Greek Philosophy London: Penguin, 1987 Beaney, M Frege: Making Sense London: Duckworth, 1996 Bennett, Jonathan Substance, Reality, and Primary Qualities In Locke and Berkeley: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed C B Martin and D M Armstrong Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1968 Bennett, Jonathan Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 459 Bennett, Jonathan A Note on Interpretation Canadian Journal of Philosophy 12 (1982): 753–5 Bennett, Jonathan Substratum History of Philosophy Quarterly (1987): 197–215 Bennett, Jonathan Locke’s Philosophy of Mind In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 89–114 Bennett, Jonathan Learning from Six Philosophers: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume vols Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001 Berkeley, George The Works of George Berkeley, ed T E Jessop and A A Luce vols London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1948–57 Bill, E G W Education at Christ Church Oxford 1660–1800 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988 Bolton, Martha Brandt The Origins of Locke’s Doctrine of Primary and Secondary Qualities Philosophical Quarterly 26 (1976): 305–16 Bolton, Martha Brandt Substances, Substrata, and Names of Substances in Locke’s Essay Philosophical Review 85 (1976): 488–513 Bolton, Martha Brandt Locke and Pyrrhonism: The Doctrine of Primary and Secondary Qualities In The Skeptical Tradition, ed Myles Burnyeat Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983 Bolton, Martha Locke on Substance Ideas and the Determination of Kinds: A Reply to Mattern The Locke Newsletter 19 (1988): 17–45 Bolton, Martha The Idea-Theoretic Basis of Locke’s Anti-Essentialist Doctrine of Nominal Essences In Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy, ed Phillip D Cummins and Guenter Zoller Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1992 Bolton, Martha Brandt The Real Molyneux Question and the Basis of Locke’s Answer In Locke’s Philosophy: Context and Content, ed G A J Rogers Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, pp 75–100 Bolton, Martha Brandt Locke on Identity: The Scheme of Simple and Compounded Things In Individuation and Identity in Early Modern Philosophy, ed K F Barber and J J E Garcia Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994, pp 103–31 Bolton, Martha Brandt The Relevance of Locke’s Theory of Ideas to His Doctrine of Nominal Essence and Anti-Essentialist Semantic Theory In Locke, ed Vere Chappell Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp 214–25 Bolton, Martha Brandt Locke In The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers: From Descartes to Nietzsche, ed Steven M Emmanuel Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 460 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bolton, Martha Brandt Locke’s Theory of Sensible Representation In Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present, ed Ralph Schumacher Paderborn, Germany: Mentis-Verlag, 2003, pp 146–67 Bolton, Martha Brandt Locke on the Semantic and Epistemic Role of Simple Ideas of Sensation Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 85 (2004): 301–21 Bonno, G The Diffusion and Influence of Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding in France before Voltaire’s Lettres Philosophiques In A Locke Miscellany: Locke Biography and Criticism for All, ed J S Yolton Bristol: Thoemmes, 1990, pp 75–85 Boyle, Robert Selected Philosophical Papers of Robert Boyle, ed M A Stewart Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979 Boyle, Robert A Free Enquiry into the Vulgarly Received Notion of Nature, ed E B Davis and M Hunter Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Boyle, Robert The Works of Robert Boyle, ed Michael Hunter and Edward B Davis 14 vols London: Pickering & Chatto, 1999–2000 Brody, Baruch Locke on the Identity of Persons American Philosophical Quarterly (1972): 327–34 Brykman, Genevieve Locke: Idees, language et connaissance Paris: Ellipses, 2001 Buchdahl, G Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1969 Burgersdijk, Franco Institutionum logicorum libri duo Cambridge, 1637 Burnet, Thomas Second Remarks upon an Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, In a Letter address’d to the Author (1697) New York: Garland, 1984 Buroker, Jill The Port-Royal Semantics of Terms Synthese 96 (1993): 455–76 Butler, Joseph The Analogy of Religion, fifth edition Glasgow, 1754 Campbell, John Locke on Qualities Canadian Journal of Philosophy 10 (1980): 567–85 Carter, W B The Classification of Ideas in Locke’s Essay Dialogue (1963): 25–41 Chappell, Vere Locke and Relative Identity History of Philosophy Quarterly (1989): 69–83 Chappell, Vere Locke on the Ontology of Matter, Living Things and Persons Philosophical Studies 60 (1990): 19–32 Chappell, Vere Locke on the Freedom of the Will In Locke’s Philosophy: Content and Context, ed G A J Rogers Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 Chappell, Vere Locke on the Intellectual Basis of Sin Journal of the History of Philosophy 32 (1994): 197–207 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 461 Chappell, Vere Locke’s Theory of Ideas In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 26–55 Chappell, Vere Locke on the Suspension of Desire Locke Newsletter 29 (1998): 23–38 Chappell, Vere Review of Liberty Worth the Name, by Gideon Yaffe Mind 113 (2004): 420–4 Cohen, Sheldon St Thomas Aquinas on the Immaterial Reception of Sensible Forms Philosophical Review 91 (1982): 193–209 Colman, John John Locke’s Moral Philosophy Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983 Combach, Johannes Metaphysicorum libri duo, third edition Oxford, 1633 Condillac, E B de Oeuvres philosophiques, ed Georges Le Roy Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1947 Condillac E B de An Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge, trans T Nugent Gainesville, FL: Scholars’ Facsimiles & Reprints, 1971 Conroy, Graham P George Berkeley on Moral Demonstration Journal of the History of Ideas 22 (1961): 205–14 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third earl of Shaftesbury Several Letters Written by a Noble Lord to a Young Man at University London, 1716 Coudert, A Some Theories of Natural Language from the Renaissance to the Seventeenth Century Studia Leibnitiana Sonderheft (1978): 106–14 Cranston, Maurice John Locke: A Biography London: Longman, 1957 Cudworth, Ralph A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality (1731) In A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, With A Treatise of Freewill, ed Sarah Hutton Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Cummins, Robert Two Troublesome Claims about Qualities in Locke’s Essay Philosophical Review 84 (1975): 401–18 Curley, Edwin Locke, Boyle, and the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities Philosophical Review 81 (1972): 438–64 Dascal, M Leibniz: Language, Signs and Thought Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1987 Davidson, Arnold L., and Norbert Hornstein The Primary/Secondary Quality Distinction: Berkeley, Locke, and the Foundations of Corpuscularian Science Dialogue 23 (1984): 281–303 Davidson, D A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs In Truth and Interpretation, ed E LePore London: Blackwell, 1986 Descartes, Rene´ Oeuvres de Descartes, ed Charles Adam and Paul Tannery Paris: J Vrin, 1904 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 462 BIBLIOGRAPHY Descartes, Rene´ The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, ed and trans John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch vols Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984– Descartes, Rene´ Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology, revised edition, trans Paul J Olscamp Indianapolis: Hackett, 2001 Dlugos, Peter Yolton and Rorty on the Veil of Ideas in Locke History of Philosophy Quarterly 13 (1996): 317–29 Downing, Lisa Are Corpuscles Unobservable in Principle for Locke? Journal of the History of Philosophy 30 (1992): 33–51 Downing, Lisa The Status of Mechanism in Locke’s Essay Philosophical Review 107 (1998): 381–414 Downing, Lisa The ‘‘Sensible Object’’ and the ‘‘Uncertain Philosophical Cause.’’ In Kant and the Early Moderns, ed D Garber and B Longuenesse Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming Feingold, Mordechai The Humanities In The History of the University of Oxford, ed Nicholas Tyacke, vol 4, Seventeenth-Century Oxford Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, pp 211–358 Feingold, Mordechai The Mathematical Sciences and the New Philosophies In The History of the University of Oxford, ed Nicholas Tyacke, vol 4, Seventeenth-Century Oxford Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, pp 359–448 Flew, Anthony Locke on Personal Identity In Locke and Berkeley, ed C B Martin and D M Armstrong New York: Anchor Books, 1968 Flower, Desmond, ed Voltaire’s England London: The Folio Society, 1950 Fodor, J Psychosemantics Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987 Frank, Robert G., Jr Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980 Fraser, Alexander Campbell Annotations on Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding vols New York: Dover, 1959 Frege, G Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege, first edition, ed and trans P Geach and M Black Oxford: Blackwell, 1952 ¨ ber Sinn und Bedeutung Zeitschrift fu¨r Philosophie und Frege, G U Philosophische Kritik 100 (1892): 25–50 Translated in Frege 1952 Galileo The Assayer In Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (1623), trans and ed Stillman Drake Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1957 Gallie, W B Essentially Contested Concepts In his Philosophy and the Historical Understanding London: Chalto and Windus, 1964, pp 157–91 Gaskin, J C A Hume’s Philosophy of Religion New York: Macmillan, 1978 Gassendi, Pierre Institutio Logica (1658), trans Howard Jones Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1981 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 463 Geach, P T Reference and Generality Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1960 Geach, P T Frege In Geach and Anscombe 1963, pp 131–62 Geach, P T Identity Review of Metaphysics 21 (1967): 3–12 Geach, P T Logic Matters Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1972 Geach, P T God and the Soul Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1994 Geach, P T., and G E M Anscombe, eds Three Philosophers Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1963 Gibson, James Locke’s Theory of Knowledge and Its Historical Relations (1917) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931 Goldstick, D Secondary Qualities Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 48 (1987): 145–6 Goodin, Susanna A Refutation of the Possibility of Real Species in Locke The Locke Newsletter 28 (1997): 67–75 Green, T H Introduction to Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature In The Philosophical Works of David Hume, ed T H Green and T H Grose London: Longmans, 1874–75, vol I, pp 1–299 Greene, Robert A Natural Law, Synderesis and the Moral Sense Journal of the History of Ideas 58 (1997): 173–98 Griffin, Nicholas Relative Identity Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977 Guerlac, Henry Can There Be Colors in the Dark? Physical Theory before Newton Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986): 3–20 Guyer, Paul Locke’s Philosophy of Language In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 115–45 Hacking, I Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975 Hacking, I Locke, Leibniz, Language and Hans Aarsleff Synthese 75 (1988): 135–53 Hankinson, R J Stoic Epistemology In The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics, ed Brad Inwood Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp 59–84 Harman, G The Intrinsic Qualities of Experience Philosophical Perspectives (1990): 31–52 Harris, R The Language Myth New York: St Martin’s Press, 1981 Harrison, John, and Peter Laslett The Library of John Locke Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965; 2nd ed 1971 Hatfield, Gary The Workings of the Intellect: Mind and Psychology In Logic and the Workings of the Mind: The Logic of Ideas and Faculty Psychology in Early Modern Philosophy, ed Patricia Easton, vol Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1997 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 464 BIBLIOGRAPHY Haugeland, J Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Designs In Mind Design, ed J Haugeland Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981 Hausman, David B., and Alan Hausman Descartes’s Legacy: Minds and Meaning in Early Modern Philosophy Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997 Herbert of Cherbury, Edward De Veritate: Prout Distinguitur a Revelatione, a Verisimili, a Possibili, et a Falso (1624), trans Meyrick H Carre´ Bristol: J W Arrowsmith, 1937 Heyd, Thomas Locke’s Arguments for the Resemblance Thesis Revisited The Locke Newsletter 25 (1994): 13–28 Hill, Benjamin ‘Resemblance’ and Locke’s Primary-Secondary Quality Distinction Locke Studies (2004): 89–122 Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan, ed C B Macpherson Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968 Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan, ed R Tuck Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan (London, 1651) Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994 Hobbes, Thomas The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, ed W Molesworth 11 vols London: John Bohn, 1839 Hobbes, Thomas Part I of De Corpore, trans Aloysius Martinich New York: Abaris Books, 1981 Hobbes, Thomas Hobbes and Bramhall on Liberty and Necessity, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999 Humboldt, W v On Language: On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and Its Influence on the Mental Development of the Human Species, ed M Losonsky, trans P Heath Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999 Hume, David An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748), ed Tom L Beauchamp Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 Hume, David A Treatise of Human Nature, ed David Norton and Mary Norton Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000 Hylton, Peter The Nature of the Proposition and the Revolt against Idealism In Rorty et al (1984) Hylton, Peter Russell, Idealism and the Emergence of Analytic Philosophy Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990 Jackson, F Mind and Illusion In Minds and Persons, ed Anthony O’Hear Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp 251–71 Jackson, Reginald Locke’s Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities Mind 38 (1929): 56–76 Jacovides, Michael Locke’s Resemblance Theses Philosophical Review 108 (1999): 461–96 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 465 Jacovides, Michael Cambridge Changes of Color Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 81 (2000): 142–63 Jacovides, Michael The Epistemology under Locke’s Corpuscularianism Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie 84 (2002): 161–89 Jacovides, Michael Locke’s Construction of the Idea of Power Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 34 (2003): 329–50 Jolley, Nicholas Leibniz and Locke Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984 Jolley, Nicholas Locke: His Philosophical Thought Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 Jolley, Nicholas Reason’s Dim Candle: Locke’s Critique of Enthusiasm In The Philosophy of Locke: New Perspectives, ed P Anstey London: Routledge, 2003, pp 179–91 Kant, Immanuel Critique of Pure Reason, trans Werner S Pluhar Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996 Kenny, Anthony, ed Rationalism, Empiricism, and Idealism Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986 Kim, Halla Locke on Innatism Locke Studies (2003): 15–39 Kretzmann, N History of Semantics In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed Paul Edwards, vol New York: Collier Macmillan, 1967, pp 358–406 Kretzmann, N The Main Thesis of Locke’s Semantic Theory Philosophical Review 77 (1968): 175–96 Kulstad, Mark Locke on Consciousness and Reflection Studia Leibnitiana 16 (1984): 143–67 Langton, Rae Locke’s Relations and God’s Good Pleasure Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 100 (2000): 75–91 Langtry, Bruce Locke and the Relativisation of Identity Philosophical Studies 27 (1975): 401–9 Laudan, Larry The Clock Metaphor and Probabilism: The Impact of Descartes on British Methodological Thought, 1650–65 Annals of Science 22 (1966): 73–104 Leibniz, G W Die Philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, ed C J Gerhardt vols Hildesheim: Olms, 1960 Leibniz, G W G W Leibniz: Saămtliche Schriften und Briefe Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1923– Leibniz, G W Philosophical Papers and Letters, second edition, ed and trans L Loemker Dordrecht: Reidel, 1970 Leibniz, G W New Essays on Human Understanding (1765), trans Peter Remnant and Jonathan Bennett Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981 Lennon, T The Battle of the Gods and Giants Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 466 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lennon, Thomas M Locke and the Logic of Ideas History of Philosophy Quarterly 18 (2001): 155–76 Lievers, Menno The Molyneux Problem Journal of the History of Philosophy 30 (1992): 399–416 Loeb, Louis E From Descartes to Hume Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981 Losonsky, M Locke on the Making of Complex Ideas Locke Newsletter 20 (1989): 35–46 Losonsky, Michael Locke on the Making of Complex Ideas Locke Newsletter 20 (1989): 35–46 Losonsky, M Locke on Meaning and Signification In Locke’s Philosophy: Content and Context, ed J Rogers Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994 Losonsky, M Introduction In Humboldt 1999, pp vii–xxxiv Losonsky, M Enlightenment and Action from Descartes to Kant: Passionate Thought Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001 Losonsky, M Linguistic Turns in Modern Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 Lowde, James A Discourse Concerning the Nature of Man London, 1694 Lowe, E J Necessity and the Will in Locke’s Theory of Action History of Philosophy Quarterly (1986): 149–63 Lowe, E J Locke on Human Understanding London: Routledge, 1995 Mackie, J L Locke’s Anticipation of Kripke Analysis 34 (1974): 177–80 Mackie, J L Problems from Locke Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976 Magri, Tito Locke, Suspension of Desire, and the Remote Good British Journal for the History of Philosophy (2000): 55–70 Maier, Anneliese Die Mechanisierung des Weltbilds im 17 Jahrhundert In Zwei Untersuchungen zur Nachscholastischen Philosophie, second edition Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1968 Mandelbaum, Maurice Locke’s Realism In Philosophy, Science, and Sense Perception: Historical and Critical Studies Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1964 Martin, R M The Meaning of Language Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987 Mattern, Ruth Locke on Natural Kinds and the Workmanship of the Understanding The Locke Newsletter 17 (1986): 45–92 McCann, Edwin Cartesian Selves and Lockean Substances Monist 69 (1986): 458–82 McCann, Edwin Locke on Identity: Matter, Life, and Consciousness Archiv fuăr Geschichte der Philosophie 69 (1987): 54–77 McCann, Edwin Locke’s Philosophy of Body In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 56–88 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 467 McCann, Edwin Locke’s Theory of Substance under Attack! Philosophical Studies 106 (2001): 87–105 Menn, Stephen The Greatest Stumbling Block: Descartes’ Denial of Real Qualities In Descartes and His Contemporaries: Mediations, Objections, and Replies, ed Roger Ariew and Marjorie Grene Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995, pp 182–207 Mill, J S Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed J M Robson Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974 Milton, J R The Scholastic Background to Locke’s Thought The Locke Newsletter 15 (1984): 25–34 Milton, J R Locke and Gassendi: A Reappraisal In English Philosophy in the Age of Locke, ed M A Stewart Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000 More, Henry An Antidote Against Atheisme, or, An Appeal to the Natural Faculties of the Minde of Man, Whether There be not a God London, 1653 More, Henry Collection of Several Philosophical Writings (1662) New York: Garland, 1978 Newman, Lex Locke on the Idea of Substratum Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 81 (2000): 291–324 Newman, Lex Locke on Sensitive Knowledge and the Veil of Perception – Four Misconceptions Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 85 (2004): 273–300 Noonan, Harold Locke on Personal Identity Philosophy 53 (1978): 343–51 North, Roger Autobiography Uni Libr Camb., MS Baker 37, fols 163–163v Quoted in M H Curtis, Oxford and Cambridge in Transition 1558–1642 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959 Nuchelmans, Gabriel Judgment and Proposition from Descartes to Kant Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1983 Nuovo, Victor Edward, 1st Lord Herbert of Cherbury In Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Philosophers Bristol: Thoemmes, 2000, vol 1, pp 409–16 Odegard, Douglas Identity through Time American Philosophical Quarterly (1972): 29–38 Ott, Walter Propositional Attitudes in Modern Philosophy Dialogue 41 (2002): 551–68 Ott, Walter Locke’s Philosophy of Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004 Owen, David Locke on Real Essence History of Philosophy Quarterly 8, (April 1991): 105–18 Owen, David Locke on Reason, Probable Reasoning, and Opinion Locke Newsletter 24 (1993): 35–69 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 468 BIBLIOGRAPHY Owen, David Critical Notice of Wolterstorff (1996) The Locke Newsletter 30 (1999): 102–27 Owen, David Hume’s Reason Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 Owen, David Locke and Hume on Belief, Judgment and Assent Topoi 22 (2003): 15–28 Palmer, David Locke and the ‘Ancient Hypothesis’ Canadian Journal of Philosophy (supp.) (1974): 41–8 Parker, Samuel A Free and Impartial Censure of the Platonick Philosophie: Being a Letter Written to his much Honoured Friend Mr N B (1666) New York: AMS Press, 1985 Passmore, John Locke and the Ethics of Belief In Kenny 1986, pp 23–46 Pe´charman, M Le Discourse Mental Selon Hobbes Archives de philosophie 55 (1992): 553–73 Phemister, Pauline The Possibility of Real Species in Locke: A Reply to Goodin’s Response The Locke Newsletter 28 (1997): 77–86 Phemister, Pauline Real Essences in Particular The Locke Newsletter 21 (1990): 27–55 Pringle-Pattison, A S., ed An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924 Puffendorf, Samuel On the Laws of Nature and Nations (1688), trans C H Oldfather and W A Oldfather Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931 Putnam, Hilary Reason, Truth, and History Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981 Quine, W V On What There Is In his From a Logical Point of View, second edition Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980, pp 1–19 Rabb, J Douglas Are Locke’s Ideas of Relation Complex? Locke Newsletter (1974): 41–55 Regis, Pierre-Sylvain Cours entier de philosophie (1691) New York: Johnson, 1970 Reid, Thomas The Works of Thomas Reid, 7th ed., edited with preface and notes by William Hamilton vols Edinburgh: MacLachlan and Stewart, 1877 Reid, Thomas Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, ed Derek Brookes University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002 Rickless, Samuel C Locke on Primary and Secondary Qualities Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 78 (1997): 297–319 Rickless, Samuel C Locke on the Freedom to Will Locke Newsletter 31 (2000): 43–67 Rickless, Samuel C The Cartesian Fallacy Fallacy Nouˆs 39 (2005): 309–36 Rogers, G A J Locke’s Essay and Newton’s Principia Journal of the History of Ideas 39 (1978): 217–32 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 469 Rogers, G A J Locke, Newton, and the Cambridge Platonists on Innate Ideas Journal of the History of Ideas 40 (1979): 191–205 Rogers, G A J Hobbes’s Hidden Influence In Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes, ed G A J Rogers and A Ryan Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp 189–205 Rogers, G A J Locke’s Enlightenment: Aspects of the Origin, Nature, and Impact of his Philosophy Hildesheim: Olms, 1998 Rogers, G A J ‘‘Locke and the Platonists.’’ Unpublished manuscript Rorty, R M., ed The Linguistic Turn: Essay in Philosophical Method Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967 Rorty, R M., ed The Linguistic Turn: Essays in Philosophical Methods with Two Retrospective Essays Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992 Rorty, R., J B Schneewind, and Q Skinner, eds Philosophy in History New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984 Rozemond, Marleen, and Gideon Yaffe Peach Trees, Gravity, and God: Mechanism in Locke British Journal for the History of Philosophy 12 (2004): 387–412 Ryle, Gilbert The Concept of Mind London: Hutchinson, 1949 Ryle, Gilbert Negative ‘Actions’ (1973) In his On Thinking, ed Konstantin Kolenda Oxford: Blackwell, 1979, pp 105–19 Sanderson, Robert Logicae artis compendium, fourth edition Oxford, 1640 Sargent, Rose-Mary The Diffident Naturalist: Robert Boyle and the Philosophy of Experiment Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995 Schneewind, J B Locke’s Moral Philosophy In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 199–225 Schouls, Peter Reasoned Freedom Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992 Schumacher, Ralph What Are the Direct Objects of Sight? Locke on the Molyneux Problem Locke Studies 30 (2003): 41–61 Searle, John R Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 Sell, Alan P F John Locke and the Eighteenth-Century Divines Cardiff: University of Wales, 1997 Shapiro, Lionel Toward ‘Perfect Collections of Properties’: Locke on the Constitution of Substantial Sorts Canadian Journal of Philosophy 29 (December 1999): 551–92 Smith, Constance Locke and John Austin on the Idea of Morality Journal of the History of Ideas 23 (1962): 141–2 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 470 BIBLIOGRAPHY Spade, P V The Semantics of Terms In The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy, ed Norman Kretzmann, Anthony Kenny, and Jan Pinborg Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp 188–96 Spellman, W M John Locke and the Problem of Depravity Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988 Sprat, Thomas History of the Royal Society, ed Jackson I Cope and Harold Whitmore Jones St Louis: Washington University Press, 1959 Stanford, P Kyle Reference and Natural Kind Terms: The Real Essence of Locke’s View Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 79 (1990): 78–97 Stewart, M A Locke’s Mental Atomism and the Classification of Ideas: I and II Locke Newsletter 10 (1979): 53–82 and 11 (1980): 25–62 Stillingfleet, Edward Origines Sacrae: Or, A Rational Account of the Grounds of Christian Faith, as to the Truth and Divine Authority of the Scriptures, And the Matters Therein Contained London, 1662 Stillingfleet, Edward The Bishop of Worcester’s Answer to Mr Locke’s Letter Concerning Some Passages relating to his Essay of humane Understanding, Mentioned in the late Discourse in Vindication of the Trinity London, 1697 Stillingfleet, Edward A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity: with an Answer to the Late Socinian Observations against it from Scripture, Antiquity and Reason and A Preface concerning the different Explications of the Trinity, and the Tendency of the present Socinian Controversie London, 1697 Stillingfleet, Edward The Bishop of Worcester’s Answer to Mr Locke’s Second Letter, Wherein his Notion of Ideas is prov’d to be Inconsistent with it self, and with the Articles of the Christian Faith London, 1698 Stone, Lawrence Uncertain Unions: Marriage in England 1660–1753 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992 Stuart, Matthew ‘‘Locke’s Metaphysics.’’ Unpublished manuscript Stuart, Matthew Locke’s Geometrical Analogy History of Philosophy Quarterly 13 (1996): 451–67 Stuart, Matthew Locke on Superaddition and Mechanism British Journal for the History of Philosophy (1998): 351–79 Stuart, Matthew Locke’s Colors Philosophical Review 112 (2003): 57–96 Thackray, Arnold Matter in a Nut-Shell: Newton’s Opticks and Eighteenth-Century Chemistry Ambix 15 (1968): 29–53 Tipton, Ian ‘Ideas’ and ‘Objects’: Locke on Perceiving Things In Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Perception in Early Modern Philosophy, ed P D Cummins and G Zoeller Atascadero, CA: Ridgewood, 1992, pp 97–110 Trumbull, H W., and J F Scott, eds Correspondence of Isaac Newton Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959– Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Bibliography 471 Uzgalis, William Relative Identity and Locke’s Principle of Individuation History of Philosophy Quarterly (1990): 283–97 Vienne, Jean-Michel Locke on Real Essences and Internal Constitution Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society NS: 93 (1993): 139–53 Walmsley, Jonathan Locke’s Natural Philosophy in Draft A of the Essay Journal of the History of Ideas 65 (2004): 15–37 Watson, Richard A Representational Ideas: From Plato to Patricia Churchland Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1995 Whichcote, Benjamin The Glorious Evidence and Power of Divine Truth (1698) In The Cambridge Platonists, ed E T Campagnac Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901, pp 1–28 Williams, Bernard The Self and the Future In Personal Identity, ed John Perry Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970, pp 179–98 Willis, Thomas Thomas Willis’s Oxford Lectures, ed Kenneth Dewhurst, collated from notes by John Locke and Richard Lower Oxford: Sandford Publications, 1980 Wilson, Catherine The Invisible World: Early Modern Philosophy and the Invention of the Microscope Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995 Wilson, Margaret Leibniz and Locke on First Truths Journal of the History of Ideas 28 (1967): 347–66 Wilson, Margaret Superadded Properties: The Limits of Mechanism in Locke American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (1979): 143–50 Wilson, Margaret Descartes on Sense and ‘‘Resemblance.’’ In Reason, Will, and Sensation: Studies in Cartesian Metaphysics, ed John Cottingham Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, pp 209–228 Wilson, Robert A Locke’s Primary Qualities Journal of the History of Philosophy 40 (2002): 201–28 Winkler, Kenneth Locke on Personal Identity In Locke, ed Vere Chappell Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, pp 149–74 Winkler, Kenneth Ideas, Sentiments, and Qualities In Minds, Ideas, and Concepts: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy, ed Phillip D Cummins and Guenter Zoeller Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1992, pp 151–65 Wolterstorff, Nicholas Locke’s Philosophy of Religion In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 172–98 Wolterstorff, Nicholas John Locke and the Ethics of Belief Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Wood, Anthony Athenae Oxoniensis, vol Oxford, 1813 Woolhouse, R S Locke’s Philosophy of Science and Knowledge London: Barnes and Noble, 1971 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 472 BIBLIOGRAPHY Woolhouse, R S Locke’s Philosophy of Science and Knowledge Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969 Woolhouse, R S Locke Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983 Woolhouse, Roger Locke’s Theory of Knowledge In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed Vere Chappell Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 146–71 Woozley, A D Introduction In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, by John Locke, ed A D Woozley London: Collins, 1964, pp 9–51 Woozley, A D Some Remarks on Locke’s Account of Knowledge (1972) In Locke on Human Understanding, ed I C Tipton Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, pp 141–8 Yaffe, Gideon Liberty Worth the Name: Locke on Free Agency Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000 Yaffe, Gideon Locke on Refraining, Suspending and the Freedom of the Will History of Philosophy Quarterly 18 (2001): 373–91 Yolton, John W John Locke and the Way of Ideas Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956 Yolton, John W Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970 Yolton, John W Ideas and Knowledge in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy Journal of the History of Philosophy 13 (1975): 373–88 Yolton, John W Locke and French Materialism Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 ... Cited Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to LOCKE’S ‘ ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING ’... has much to learn from the Essay Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 g a j rogers The Intellectual Setting and Aims of the Essay The Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ... the longest book of the Essay The present volume includes seven essays on topics connected with these first two books of the Essay Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007